Surrounding Rock Failure Mechanism and Control Technology of Gob-Side Entry with Triangle Coal Pillar at Island Longwall Panel in 15 m Extra-Thick Coal Seams

Taking the return air roadway of Tashan 8204 isolated island working face as the background, the evolution law of the stress field in the surrounding rock of the widened coal pillar area roadway during the mining period of the isolated island working face is obtained through numerical simulation. The hazardous area of strong mine pressure under different coal pillar widths is determined. Through simulation, it is known that when the width of the coal pillar is less than 20 m, there is large bearing capacity on the coal side of the roadway entity. The force on the side of the coal pillar is relatively small. When the width of the coal pillar ranges from 25 m to 45 m, the vertical stress on the roadway and surrounding areas is relatively high. Pressure relief measures need to be taken during mining to reduce surrounding rock stress. When the width of the coal pillar is greater than 45 m, the peak stress of the coal pillar is located in the deep part of the surrounding rock, but it still has a certain impact on the roadway. It is necessary to take pressure relief measures to transfer the stress to a deeper depth to ensure the stability of the triangular coal pillar during the safe mining period of the working face. This provides guidance for ensuring the stability of the triangular coal pillar during the safe mining period of the working face.

Spatial effect of environmental regulation measures on industrial structure upgrading from the empirical analysis of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and its surrounding areas

This paper investigates the spatial effect of environmental regulation measures on the upgrading of industrial structure in the integrated development strategy of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and its surrounding areas.In order to reflect the effect of the environmental regulation and different regulation measures more truly,this paper constructs indices of the environmental regulation measures through the results of policy texts quantification.On the basis of the previous research,this paper divides environmental regulation into the following types:personnel and administrative measures of command and control;market-oriented fiscal,taxation,financial and other economic measures;guidance measures.Spatial panel regression results show that administrative measures of command control and market-oriented fiscal measures have a significant role in promoting regional industrial structure upgrading,but not conducive to the advancement of the industrial structure of adjacent areas.Their roles in promoting and inhibition are counteracted,which causes the total effect of industrial structure upgrading of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the surrounding areas are not significant.Personnel measures,financial measures,other economic measures and guidance measures do not have the short-term effect and spatial effect on the upgrading of industrial structure.

Deformation-strain field in Sichuan and its surrounding areas based on GPS data

The strain rate in Sichuan and its surrounding areas, and the activity rate and strain rate in two block boundary fault zones were calculated according to the block movement parameters estimated using the station speed obtained from regional GPS station observation data in these areas for 2009e2011 and GPS continuous station data for 2011e2013. The movement field characteristics in these areas were analyzed with the Sichuan Basin as the reference. Results show that the principal strain rate and maximum shear strain rate of the Bayan Har block were the largest, followed by those of the Sichuane Yunnan block and Sichuan Basin. The deep normal strain rate in the Longmenshan fault zone was compressive and large over the study period. The normal strain rate in the Xianshuihe fault zone was tensile.

On Innovation of Coordinative Development Mechanism of Science and Technology Park with Surrounding Areas under Promotion of the Government——Case Study on Three Science and Technology Park in Dongguan

Science and Technology Park, which plays a very important role in promoting rapid development of regional economy, has enjoyed various preferential policies in its unique development since China’s reform and opening up, which oppositely shows that the government has overlooked development outside the park and resulted in negative competition between the science and technology park and surrounding areas in resources and industry development, etc. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to overcome the existing obstacles against coordinative development between the park and surrounding areas, to explore paths where the two can development coordinately and to achieve new breakthrough and innovation in coordinative development in subject, object, platform and mechanism.

Research into the Regional Characteristics of the Tectonic Stress Field in Jiashi, Xinjiang and Its Surrounding Areas

Jiashi and its surrounding areas are composed of many structural zones. Using the focal mechanism solutions of 59 moderately strong earthquakes in Jiashi and its surrounding areas, and combining these with the calculation results of system cluster and stress field inversion, we analyzed the evolvement characteristics of the stress field for different times and different regions. The results were as follows: The earthquakes in Jiashi are mainly strike-slip. However, those of the Kalpin block are mainly reverse events, showing an obvious thrusting. The regional characteristics are different from other areas. The direction of the regional principal stress field is near NS. However, under different tectonic backgrounds, the directions of the stress fields are different. The direction of the principal compress stress is near NS in the Kashi-Wuqia area. But before and after the 3 earthquakes with M7.0, dynamic evolution from NW to NS and then to NE with time process was observed. The Kalpin block has been dominated by a consistent stress field in the NW direction for a long time. However, the direction of the stress field of the Jiashi region is NE. Since 1996, the direction of the regional stress field has changed obviously. The direction of the P axis was deflected towards the NE, and the plunge angle increased. The result shows clearly the regional characteristics and variation of the distribution pattern of the stress field in different tectonic environments.

Analysis on the Characteristics of Climate Changes in the Surrounding Area of Qinghai Lake

[Objective] The aim was to study the characteristics of climate changes in the surrounding area of Qinghai Lake.[Method] Based on the data of temperature,precipitation and sunshine hours from 5 representative meteorological stations in the surrounding area of Qinghai Lake during 1961-2007,the annual,seasonal and decadal variation of meteorological factors were analyzed.[Result] In recent 47 years,temperature showed obvious increase trend in the surrounding area of Qinghai Lake,and annual average temperature increased with the climatic tendency of ≥0.30 ℃/10 a,while annual average minimum temperature increased more significant than annual average temperature and annual average maximum temperature;annual mean precipitation decreased with the climatic tendency of-3.67 mm/10 a,and precipitation in spring and autumn reduced obviously,while precipitation in summer and winter increased slightly;annual sunshine hours also showed decrease trend with the climatic tendency of-1.79 h/10 a,while sunshine hours decreased most obviously in summer,and next came winter,while there was no obvious decrease in spring and autumn.[Conclusion] The study could provide theoretical references for the effective prevention of meteorological disasters in the surrounding area of Qinghai Lake.

Mountain Land Use Planning of Metropolitan Suburbs:the Case of the Jinyun Mountain and Its Surrounding area,Chongqing,China

Open space of metropolitan suburbs in mountain region,has been increasingly becoming the coupling mosaic structure of industrial actions and landscape behaviors. However,the local governments,when making land use planning,often aim at economic development,and rarely refer to the coordination of compatibilities and conflicts between industrial actions and landscape behaviors in the mosaic structure. In this study land use in the Jinyun Mountain and its surrounding area,Chongqing is adjusted by gray multi-objective programming approach and local-level decision-making process to cope with conflicts between objectives for human welfare and objectives for landscape conservation. The results indicate that: 1) the compatibilities and conflicts among different behavior characters and different landscape types result in the compatibilities of landscape to human behavior;2) a land use planning in the study area is produced based on the sustainable land use and social-eco development,which pays more attention to the resources and environment constraints and economic objectives,and follows the distribution law of rare resources;3) in the study area,cultivated land of 1,207.27 ha can meet the demands for food and byproducts by the residents there,orchard land and forestland of 632.55 ha,2,276.61 ha,respectively can provide enough space for the local people to improve their living structure and meet their demands for recreational activities,and urban residential land,rural residential land,mining land and transportation land of 1,107.60 ha,120.27 ha,162.48 ha,100.91 ha,respectively can satisfy the resident’s economic development and infrastructures;4) the equilibrium among industrial actions,landscape accessibility and ecological conservation can be obtained by analyzing the possible impacts of human activities on landscape ecological process in open space of metropolitan suburbs in mountain areas.

Controlling Effects of Surrounding Rock to Coal Seam Gas Occurrence

Surrounding rock of coal seam was one of the important factors to gas occurrence. The coal seam gas occurrence was studied by the index of roof strata thickness or sand content rate;we found that there were certain shortcomings. In order to reasonably evaluate the influence of coal seam surrounding rock on gas occurrence in Panji mining area, we quantitatively evaluated the effect of coal seam surrounding rock on gas occurrence by influence coefficient of roof strata thickness, and built six mathematical models of the variational gas content in the mining area which is divided into six gas geological units. The results shows that the coal seam gas content is mainly influenced by 20 mroof strata in each gas geological unit, the gas content presents the tendency of increase, and with the influence coefficient of strata thickness increases, they exist a significant linear relationship.

废弃矿区周边受污染水体生物修复技术

废弃矿区中受污染的水体可能会渗入地下水或河流,导致附近的水源污染。为此,采用生物修复技术,对废弃矿区周边受污染水体的修复方法展开研究。分析了矿区周边环境以及相关气候信息,确定该矿区周边污染水体污染物分布特征,根据分布结果布设样本测试点;利用生物膜法在样本测试点中进行污染水体的修复,修复过程中,需要对微生物实施培养、驯化,进一步增加微生物降解污水的活性;将驯化好的污泥转置进IC厌氧反应器中,产生氧化生物膜,投入测试点水域中,通过污泥吸附作用产生氧化生物膜,实现污染水体生物修复。实验结果表明,利用生物膜方法对污染水体进行修复,能够有效去除水体中总石油烃、多环芳烃等污染物质,并中和水体酸碱度,使水体完成修复后达到可排放安全标准。

基于监测台网加速度信号分析的上海周边区域地震影响评价

2021年11月至2023年8月期间,上海市周边区域共发生了5次有感地震,分别为江苏盐城市大丰区海域5.0级、江苏常州市天宁区4.2级、黄海海域4.8级、上海市青浦区3.1级和山东德州市平原县5.5级地震,同济大学监测台网的4个测站捕获了这5次地震的场地和典型结构加速度信号,分析了各次地震作用下场地和典型结构的加速度信号的峰值及持时,探讨了各次地震信号的反应谱特征,对照设计反应谱曲线的第一特征段和第二特征段,对这5次周边区域地震对上海市的影响进行评价。

元代后太原地区石匠刻工考究

太原境内的民间石匠数量较多,这些工匠工作的地域范围主要分布在太原周边地区,其中以古交市、娄烦县、晋源区、尖草坪区这四处为中心。除了本县石匠外,还有崞县和稷山等地的外来石匠。多数石匠间的关系为兄弟、父子或师徒,有部分石匠参与多个地区的活动。碑碣的题材内容因地而异,大致分为记事类、墓志铭类和其他类。文章通过对元代后太原地区的石匠刻工进行历史回顾及深入研究,探讨了其留下的历史、科学与艺术价值。

复采巷道过空巷交叉段围岩控制技术

以宇昌煤业复采区地质条件下回采巷道的围岩控制为工程背景,针对与空巷相交区围岩破碎支护困难的问题,对回采巷道破碎段的围岩控制技术方案及参数进行研究。采用理论计算得出回采巷道煤柱稳定的理论宽度,并通过数值计算得出交叉巷道三角区煤柱弹性核区宽度小于2 m时,需要采用架棚的支护方式维护巷道稳定;通过对掘采期间巷道围岩应力及变形的理论计算及数值模拟分析,确定了合理的架棚支护区域及支护方案;现场实测表明,采用锚网索和工字钢棚联合支护的方式,巷道变形量得到了有效控制。

环梵净山区域畜禽养殖污染量估算及负荷预警研究

为了解环梵净山区域畜禽养殖污染与环境保护之间是否存在现实矛盾,文章运用排污系数法与土地承载法估算2014-2021年该区域畜禽养殖污染量并对其负荷预警进行分析。结果表明:(1)区域畜禽粪尿、TP、TN污染物排放量总体呈上升趋势,其中粪尿排放量依次是牛>猪>家禽>羊,TP排放量趋于平稳,TN变化趋势较大,各乡镇畜禽粪尿、TP、TN排放量差异较大,其中德旺乡的排放量最多,太平镇最少,其余乡镇变化不大;(2)区域猪粪当量、N、P负荷总体处于上升态势,N、P最大负荷量均未超过欧盟标准,各乡镇负荷变化趋势差异较大,部分乡镇的负荷值已经超过区域均值,污染负荷问题较为严重;区域内畜禽污染预警等级存在上升趋势,污染风险逐渐增大,除太平镇无污染外,其余乡镇在不同时间段均存在污染,负荷预警问题严峻。由此提出调整畜禽养殖结构,合理控制畜禽饲养规模,严格落实保护区规定,精准实施污染治理政策,加大养殖主体技能培训,拓宽养殖主体就业渠道等对策建议。

瑶渠煤矿大巷间煤柱尺寸确定及支护优化

为研究大巷过剥蚀区时大巷间煤柱合理尺寸及围岩稳定性,以瑶渠煤矿西采区Ⅱ回风大巷为研究对象,采用理论分析、数值模拟等研究方法,建立了煤柱尺寸计算模型,揭示了煤柱在8 m、10 m、12 m、14 m条件下巷道围岩应力、位移及塑性区的分布规律,确定了过剥蚀区大巷间煤柱的合理尺寸,并优化了西采区Ⅱ回风大巷的支护参数。研究结果表明,瑶渠煤矿西采区Ⅱ回风大巷与辅运大巷之间煤柱尺寸由14 m减小至8 m时,巷道围岩内的垂直应力由1.381 MPa增加至1.465 MPa、最大位移量增加了12.52%,塑性区逐渐贯通煤柱。当煤柱尺寸为10 m时,煤柱塑性区处于贯通的临界区域,煤柱内部具有一定的弹性核区域,且煤柱尺寸大于理论计算的9.23 m,能够满足巷道围岩的稳定性。综合考虑,确定煤柱最小合理尺寸为10 m。对10 m煤柱尺寸下西采区Ⅱ回风大巷进行支护优化,采用帮部3根锚杆支护后巷道围岩应力、位移和塑性区均显著改善,保证了巷道围岩的稳定性。

聚焦同城化 加快推动首都都市圈发展的思考

顺应城镇化发展演变规律,推动同城化发展是构建现代化首都都市圈的内在要求,有利于拓展北京发展空间和促进内部功能重整,提升周边交界地区发展水平,增强中心城市辐射带动作用。近年来,环京周边地区与北京的经济社会联系持续增强,重点区域合作不断深化,同城化发展具有较好基础,但与长三角等同城化发展成熟的地区相比,其同城化水平还有很大差距,存在交通通勤能力较弱、产业协同能力有限、要素流通不畅和公共服务不均衡等问题,可以从强化设施联通、增进服务共通、促进产业协同、深化制度创新等方面入手,加快推动首都都市圈同城化发展。

泛南海地区极端降水的历史分布和未来演变特征

泛南海地区是全球海—陆—气相互作用最敏感的区域之一,该区域极端降水释放的潜热加热可以调节局地的温度和湿度廓线对大气环流进行调整,进而影响周边地区甚至全球的天气气候。因此,泛南海地区极端降水的时空变化特征及变异机理一直是国内外学者关注的焦点。本文利用观测数据(1951~2014年)和国际耦合模式比较计划第六阶段(CMIP6)两种共享社会经济路径(SSP1-2.6和SSP5-8.5)的统计降尺度数据(2015~2100年),分析了泛南海地区年平均和季节平均的日降水的最大值(RX1day)、连续5日降水的最大值(RX5day)、极端强降水天数(R20)和非常湿润天(R95p)的时空变化特征。RX1day、RX5day、R20和R95p常用于表征极端强降水、持续性强降水、极端强降水的频率和极端累计降雨量的特征。1951~2014年泛南海地区年平均和季节平均的四个极端降水指数的较大值均分布在东南亚、中国东南部以及青藏高原南坡地区,即这些区域不仅是极端强降水发生的区域,也是持续性强降水以及高频极端降水发生的区域。季节平均的极端降水指数特征表现为:东南亚一年四季都极易发生强降水、持续性强降水和高频极端降水;南亚、青藏高原以及东亚的各个极端降水指数在夏季最大,秋季和春季次之,冬季最小。SSP1-2.6和SSP5-8.5情景下2015~2100年泛南海地区年平均和季节平均的四个极端降水指数的空间分布与历史时期相似,且对整个区域而言,各个指数均呈显著增加的趋势。由各个指数在未来三个时段(2016~2035年、2046~2065年和2080~2099年)相比于1995~2014年的百分比变化可知,南亚和青藏高原是泛南海地区未来强降水、持续性强降水以及高频极端降水变化最显著的区域。由此可知,虽然东南亚是历史时期四个极端降水指数的大值区,但该区域各个极端降水指数在未来三个时段的变化没有其他区域明显。此外,以东南亚为例,本文分析了该区域1979~2019年夏季极端降水的形成机理,发现印度洋冷海温异常、热带北大西洋暖海温异常以及热带太平洋和大西洋海温异常是造成东南亚夏季极端降水呈北湿南干、全区一致偏湿和北干南湿的关键因子。

慈林山煤矿近距离采空区下巷道围岩控制技术研究

针对慈林山煤矿9107工作面近距离采空区下回采巷道稳定性较差、顶板易冒落等问题,结合9107工作面的工程地质条件,采用数值模拟的方法,确定了8号煤层和9号煤层近距离采空区回采巷道内错10~20 m的合理距离。现场监测结果表明,巷道围岩变形在10 d后趋于稳定,顶板最大沉降量约为88 mm,底板最大底鼓量约为23 mm,两帮最大移近量为185 mm,围岩稳定性得到有效控制。

综放工作面端面冒顶机理与围岩控制技术研究

针对9102综放工作面在回采过程中端面顶板破碎等围岩支护难题,首先对工作面的工程概况及顶底板条件进行分析,重点分析了采场围岩支护难点及端面冒顶机理,然后在具体回采经验的基础上,设计了9102综放工作面采场围岩控制体系,然后进行了现场实践及效果分析,工作面推采过程中仅发生局部轻度片帮冒顶事故,端面煤岩体整体稳定程度较高,安全生产工作得到保障。

回采巷道过断层长短锚索组合支护优化技术

针对玉华煤矿柴家沟井42226工作面运输顺槽过断层时围岩破碎、支护困难、巷道变形严重等问题,分析了原支护方案存在的问题,提出了长短锚索组合支护方案并优化了支护参数。现场实测结果表明,围岩在20 d后开始趋于稳定,顶板最大下沉量为158 mm,底板底鼓量最大为92 mm,两帮收缩量最大为166 mm,分别为原变形量的21.9%、16.4%和25.5%。顶板和两帮锚索受力在13 d后开始逐步稳定在275~285 kN且有小幅度震荡,承载能力还有较大富余,巷道围岩变形得到了有效控制,能够满足安全生产的需要。

基于沿空留巷技术的工作面过陷落柱工程实践

矿井采掘工作揭露陷落柱等地质构造时,往往会带来较多潜在隐患,可能导通含水层、造成瓦斯超限和形成支护难题等。针对6102工作面揭露大型陷落柱影响区的技术难题,矿方根据陷落柱产状及潜在的隐患情况,结合矿井较成熟的沿空留巷理论及经验,成功实施了基于沿空留巷技术的过陷落柱工程实践,在损失一定保护煤柱的代价下,确保了工作面安全快速跳过陷落柱影响区域,沿空留巷技术优势得到验证。