Investigation of Village Greening in the New Countryside Construction of Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province

On the basis of field investigation in 13 typical villages in Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province, and questionnaire survey over 45 local residents, this paper analyzed rural production and living environment, greening conditions, and villagers' consciousness about greening in the local area, and proposed 5 major principles for village greening: government plays the leading role, rural households are subjects; adopt unifi ed planning and coordinated development; choose suitable species for suitable land according to actual conditions; put ecology on the top priority, balance economic and ecological development; facilitate operation and management. In addition, the paper highlighted 5 characters in village greening, namely, cultural, ecological, practical, concise, and lifeconcerned.

The Dilemma of “Backward Countryside” and “Congested City” to Be Tackled

Statistics shed light on a tremendous imbalance inherent inChina’s urbanization process.Secondary and tertiary industriesmake up the lion’s share of GDP with figures of48.9%and39.4%respectively,while the primary industry only accounts for11.7%.By this measure,China can be said to be an industrializedcountry,or at least to have entered the intermediate phase ofindustrialization.In terms of demographic composition,

City Professionals Bring Their Skills to Countryside

In October 1995 eight departments of the central government and the Party central committee, including the Ministry of Culture and the CPC Publicity Department, jointly launched a national program to send culture （principally entertainment） to the countryside. In 1996, under the joint sponsorship of ten departments of the central authorities, the national program broadened to include science/technology and medical services. The program, known as ＂Three Things for the Countryside,＂ has been executed for ten years. How good is their effect？ What are peasants＇ reactions to the program？ To find an answer, these reporters have recently visited Tianjin, Hunan and Shandong.

Research on the Low-carbon-high-value Agriculture Technology in the Comprehensive Improvement of Intra-county Environment Pollution——Taking the Development of Cultivation and Breeding Industry in the Ecological Cyclic Agricultural Garden in Shaoshan Irri

The comprehensive improvement strategy of intra-county environment pollution in the city and countryside was searched.By the research method which combined the microscopic view,the macroscopic view with the dynamic perspective,the seriousness of rural water quality,soil and atmospheric pollution in Xiangxiang,Xiangtan and the surrounding areas in Shaoshan irrigated area was revealed.The control measure which was 'four-dimensional pollution in the city and countryside'—— low-carbon-high-value agriculture and the technology innovation was proposed.The low-carbon-high-value technology innovation industrialization demonstration in three parts which included the pre-production,mid-production and post-production deep-processing of cultivation and breeding industry in the ecological cyclic agricultural garden in Shaoshan irrigated area was the driving force.We tried to propel the low-carbon ecological cultivation and breeding industry which included the paddy rice,grass,tree,medicinal herbs and pig,cow,chick,duck,fish.We wanted to relieve the structural unbalance of previous cultivation and breeding industry,'cheap grain hurting the farmers' and the short-leg problem of social-economic-ecological benefit.The results showed that the low-carbon-high-value agricultural system was a poly-generation technology system which promoted the multi-level and grading utilization,saved the energy,reduced the consumption and cleaned the production based on the ecology.

Urban Social Mobility Plight of City Wives from Countryside

Through field investigation,this paper discusses the social mobility of city wives from countryside and analyses the causes of the upward social mobility plight of this group in urban society.The author believes that city wives from countryside cannot continue to move upward in urban society because of their lack of culture capital and social capital.To break such plight of upward mobility for the group demands the system renovation.

Thinking on Beautiful Countryside Construction Based on Land Consolidation in Hefei City

This paper stated the background under which beautiful countryside construction was proposed;reviewed the new countryside construction profile of Hefei City before beautiful countryside construction was proposed;analyzed the practices of beautiful countryside construction of Hefei City from the perspective of the land consolidation when considering the development of new-type urbanization conjunctively;then,on the basis of the analysis,it proposed a consideration that the land consolidation and beautiful countryside construction practices of Hefei City should be used for reference,that is to say,the city should focus on beautiful countryside construction planning and comprehensively promote the land consolidation.And it also indicated that there were three kinds of relations needed to be treated well and"five combinations"needed to be done well in land consolidation.

对立与消解:《大地》中的景观书写

文学作品中的景观往往被视为一种主观体验的表达。为赛珍珠赢得诺贝尔文学奖的《大地》包含了大量的乡村与城市景观书写。赛珍珠从中国农民的体验视角,书写了以土地、村落为代表的乡土景观以及以高墙为代表的城市景观。她认为,乡土景观是中国农民精神意蕴的中心,由各种政治性景观组合而成的城市景观则是腐朽与异化的代表,造成了农民精神和身份的失衡。因此,农民只有复归乡土景观之上,才能获得肉体与精神的救赎。

城市周边流域有机污染物不同分布特征提取

由于河流图像中常常存在光学噪音,且水污染分布呈现出复杂和多变的特征,使得特征获取难度较大。为此,提出一种城市周边流域河流有机污染物分布特征提取方法。采用自适应边缘相似度非局部均值(Adaptive Non-local Means Denoising with Edge Similarity, ANLM-ES)图像去噪方法,利用两个像素之间的高斯加权距离,获取复合图像块相似性权重函数,通过加权平均,经过计算确定中心像素,将图像去噪处理。分割城市周边流域河流图像,通过最小二乘法确定偏析线方向,采用拟合直线投影图像像素点,根据城市周边流域河流有机污染物分布特征,实现不同特征提取。通过仿真分析表明,所提方法去噪均方误差仅为0.025,可以获取良好的城市周边流域河流有机污染物分布特征提取结果。

日本岸田内阁的数字化转型评析

日本虽较早关注数字经济发展,但其数字经济竞争力却落后于世界平均水平。为了破解日本数字经济发展滞后的困局,提升日本数字经济竞争力,应对日趋激烈的国际竞争,岸田内阁推出了涵盖数字田园都市国家构想、DFFT框架以及Web3.0、生成式人工智能技术等在内的一系列数字化转型政策。这些政策在日本数字化转型推进的广度、深度,以及执行力等方面展现出一定的亮点,但依然存在着企业与国民对数字化转型回应度不高、行政数字化改革阻力重重、数字人才短缺、地域间数字化发展程度差距较大、数字国际战略实施难度大、财政支撑空间有限、日元持续贬值等诸多难题,这使得日本数字化转型全面实现的可能性不高。尽管如此,岸田内阁数字化转型的推进也将对日本的经济、政治以及中日经济合作产生积极影响。

The diurnal and seasonal characteristics of urban heat island variation in Beijing city and surrounding areas and impact factors based on remote sensing satellite data

Based on the land surface temperature (LST), the land cover classification map,vegetation coverage, and surface evapotranspiration derived from EOS-MODIS satellite data, and by the use of GIS spatial analytic technique and multivariate statistical analysis method, the urban heat island (UHI) spatial distribution of the diurnal and seasonal variabilities and its driving forces are studied in Beijing city and surrounding areas in 2001. The relationships among UHI distribution and landcover categories, topographic factor, vegetation greenness, and surface evapotranspiration are analyzed. The results indicate that: (i) The significant UHI occur in Beijing city areas in the four seasons due to high heat capacity and multi-reflection of compression building, as well as with special topographic features of its three sides surrounded by mountains,especially in the summer. The UHI spatial distribution is corresponding with the urban geometry structure profile. The LST difference is approximately 4-6℃ between Beijing city and suburb areas, comparatively is 8- 10℃ between Beijing city area and outer suburb area in northwestern regions. (ii) The UHI distribution and intensity in daytime are different from nighttime in Beijing city area, the nighttime UHI is obvious. However, in the daytime, the significant UHI mainly appears in the summer, the autumn takes second place, and the UHI in the winter and the spring seem not obvious. The surface evapotranspiration in suburb areas is larger than that in urban areas in the summer, and high latent heat exchange is evident, which leads to LST difference between city area and suburb area. (iii) The reflection of surface landcover categories is sensitive to the UHI, the correlation between vegetation greenness and UHI shows obviously negative.The scatterplot shows that there is the negative correlation between NDVI and LST (R2 = 0.6481).The results demonstrate that the vegetation greenness is an important factor for reducing the UHI,and large-scale construction of greenbelts can considerably reduce the UHI effect.

基于钢锥冲击的煤层卸压方法研究

针对煤矿冲击地压引起的采掘安全问题,以山西晋中左权五里堠煤矿3号煤层开采地质条件为工程背景,提出一种基于钢锥冲击煤层的卸压方法。根据通电线圈间产生电磁互感斥力原理,获得磁力驱动绕线钢锥撞击煤层的冲击力函数式,并结合弹性力学理论,分析冲击力作用下煤体应力场分布特征、裂隙类型、破裂范围及程度。结果表明:(1)冲击力与交流电电压及线圈级数呈正相关关系,与交流电频率及每米线圈匝数呈负相关关系。其中,电压是调控冲击力的最主要因素,综合考虑认为电压取660 V为宜。(2)计算显示钢锥长度与直径仅需1 cm和1.28 cm,与之匹配的2级加速线圈总长为2 cm,可实现冲击装置的微型化,便于在钻孔内灵活布置。(3)冲击力使钻孔横截面围岩出现集中系数为4.0~16.7的叶状极高应力区,其延伸长度为5倍钻孔半径,区内发育张拉裂隙;叶状区之外为集中系数1.7~3.3的高应力区,发育压剪裂隙,其范围可达50倍钻孔半径,据此得到卸压钻孔间距为2.5 m。(4)按卸压段长度,每孔内设置2个间距2 m的冲击装置,冲击力使钻孔纵截面围岩呈现针状极高应力区,相邻针状区间分布椭圆形压剪裂隙区,两者一起贯通2 m厚煤层,实现有效破煤卸压。研究成果为探索基于磁力钢锥冲击的煤层卸压技术奠定初步理论基础。

“公园城市”背景下成都周边乡村的规划改造——以资阳市金星村为例

公园城市是坚持以人民为中心、以生态文明为引领,是将公园形态与城市空间有机融合,生产、生活、生态空间相宜,自然经济社会人文相融合的复合系统,而美丽乡村建设则是要为人民办实事,带领农民致富的一项惠民之举。文章从这两个角度来阐述公园城市与美丽乡村建设之间的联系和策略,讨论如何在城市公园的背景下,让乡村建设得更好,更能体现“以人为本”这一设计理念。同时,也以资阳市金星村为例,对其进行规划设计来进行进一步的论述。

城校融合理念下的高校院所聚集区城市设计提升策略研究

在知识经济创新发展的新时代背景下,高校院所与城市之间的协同发展越来越受到关注。高校院所具备的创新资源与智力要素是城市发展的内生动力,充分发挥城校融合的综合优势,是助力城市在激烈的区域竞争中占据有利位置的关键。文章依托广州环五山地区高校院所聚集区规划设计,对其现状问题、发展目标及规划思路等方面进行深入分析,以探寻高校院所聚集区通过城市设计进行优化提升的主要策略,以期彰显文脉传承,加强空间融合,共策临校更新,促进平台建设,为“人校产城”协同发展提供切实可行的城市设计模式借鉴。

科技支撑常州市数字乡村建设的对策

建设数字乡村是推进农业农村现代化的重要举措,是实现乡村全面振兴的重要途径,也是建设数字中国的重要内容。调查发现,科技支撑常州市乡村数字建设的信息基础薄弱、数字化公共平台不完善、乡村数字人才短缺、数字化应用水平不够高。对此,需要加强数字乡村基础建设、增强数字乡村平台支撑力度、加快数字乡村人才培养速度、加大数字乡村应用推广力度。

从本土书写到他者想象:当代东北文学中的城市与乡村

东北作为市场经济的边隅,以高度复杂的特质文化成为当代文学中地域书写的空间对象,形成区别于北京、上海、香港地区等中心城市的文学场域。以“铁西三剑客”、迟子建等人为代表的本土东北作家群体从主体经验出发进行叙述,与域外视角的旅华记者梅英东的东北书写构成了鲜明的差异。本土与外域的视角彼此补充,全方面、多元素地呈现了东北城乡的集体记忆,而自我与他者之眼中隐而不彰的表述差异为地域文学的创作提供了新的诠释视角与理论观照。

安阳市数字技术赋能乡村振兴的实践探索与推进策略研究

数字经济成为世界经济发展的趋势,如何以数字技术赋能农业农村现代化、促进乡村振兴意义重大。近年来,借数字经济东风,安阳市加快数字乡村实践探索,智慧农业生产,夯实粮食安全数字化支撑;电商直播助农,快速提升农产品流通效率;装备数字升级,实现农业生产节本又增效;数字链式发展,助推农产品品牌创建推广;质量数字监测,提供农产品质量安全保障;数字乡村示范,注入乡村振兴的源头活水;智慧乡村治理,赋予农民生活数字化密码。但仍存在农民数字素养、数字设施、数字人才等制约。突破制约,加速数字技术赋能乡村建设,要补基础设施短板、强政策扶持、重人才支撑、促转型,营造良好数字乡村发展生态。

城乡差距与统筹城乡发展途径

城乡发展失衡、差距日趋扩大,已经成为当前我国经济生活中存在的突出矛盾之一。统筹城乡发展是我国新阶段经济社会发展的必然要求,对解决"三农"问题、全面建设小康社会具有重要的战略意义。文章分析了城乡差距日趋扩大的现象及原因,分析了统筹城乡发展提出的背景,阐述了统筹城乡发展的内涵和意义,并提出加强体制和制度创新、发展和壮大县域经济、加快城镇化进程、建设社会主义新农村是实现统筹城乡发展的主要途径。

城乡旅游一体化研究

城市旅游与乡村旅游的发展相互依存、相互影响,在城乡一体化的大背景下,城乡旅游一体化是大势所趋。文章在提出城乡旅游一体化概念的基础上,对城乡旅游一体化的特征、要求、制度创新及城乡旅游互动模式进行了探讨,以期引起更多学者对城乡旅游一体化的关注与研究,推动城乡旅游与城乡一体化的可持续发展。

山区城市地下空间资源评价与开发利用模式——以延安市为例

山区城市受地形地貌条件的限制,面临建设用地不足、交通拥挤、人口密集的压力,地表空间严重短缺。然而,特殊的地形地貌与地质环境条件却有利于地下空间的开发利用。地下空间将成为山区城市发展中的一种宝贵资源。本文以黄土高原丘陵沟壑区的延安市为例,基于地形、岩土、水文地质和地质灾害等地质环境条件,并考虑文物保护区及城市功能设施、空间需求及经济因素,评估了延安市区376.68 km^2地下空间天然资源量、可开发资源量,对河谷以下50 m及川道两侧1 km内的地下空间资源适宜性进行了定性评估。结果表明,延安市地下空间资源丰富;地下空间天然资源量、可开发资源量约为188.35、174.48亿方;地下0^-10 m,-10^-30 m,-30^-50 m适宜开发的地下空间资源量分别为23.25、11.52、1.44亿方,较适宜开发的分别为4.18、62.44、71.65亿方,沿川道两侧适宜开发的侧向山体空间资源量为12.29亿方,较适宜开发的资源量为81.50亿方;延安市围岩类别自Ⅱ-Ⅵ级,其中Ⅱ-Ⅳ级围岩工程性质良好,有利于地下空间开发。本文提出了"垂向地下+侧向山体"地下空间组合开发的理念,同时提出了延安市地面建设和地下空间协同开发方案,这将成为延安乃至其他山区城市发展的一种新模式。

重庆市2004～2010年出生缺陷发生情况分析

目的通过对重庆市2004～2010年出生缺陷发生情况的分析,了解重庆市出生缺陷的动态变化和现状。方法采用以医院为基础的监测方法,对来自覆盖重庆市所有区县的88所县级及以上医疗保健机构出生的围产儿监测记录数据进行分析,比较历年的趋势,并与全国的情况进行比较和分析。结果重庆市2004～2010年平均出生缺陷发生率为104.64/万,历年趋势平稳。城镇人口的出生缺陷率显著高于乡村,男婴高于女婴。重庆市出生缺陷发生率最高的前5位分别是总唇裂、多指(趾)、先天性心脏病、先天性脑积水和肢体短缩。城镇出生缺陷发生率最高的为先天性心脏病,但重庆市的先天性心脏病发病率显著低于全国水平;乡村出生缺陷发生率最高的是总唇裂;城镇的神经管缺陷发生率显著低于乡村,男婴低于女婴。结论监测表明重庆市出生缺陷的发生率低于全国水平,但出生缺陷的发生率有其特点,需要妇幼保健工作者和所有医务人员加以重视,促进对出生缺陷疾病的监测和预防。