Application and research of global grid database design based on geographic information

Energy crisis and climate change have become two seriously concerned issues universally. As a feasible solution, Global Energy Interconnection(GEI) has been highly praised and positively responded by the international community once proposed by China. From strategic conception to implementation, GEI development has entered a new phase of joint action now. Gathering and building a global grid database is a prerequisite for conducting research on GEI. Based on the requirement of global grid data management and application, combining with big data and geographic information technology, this paper studies the global grid data acquisition and analysis process, sorts out and designs the global grid database structure supporting GEI research, and builds a global grid database system.

Development of Large-Scale Land Information System (LIS) by Using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Field Surveying

Cadastral maps are an important component of land administration in most countries. In virtually all developed countries, the needs of computerized land and geographic information systems (LIS/GIS) has given urgent impetus to computerizing cadastral maps and creating digital cadastral data bases (DCDB). This process is creating many institutional, legal, technical and administrative problems. This desire to establish DCDBs is being given increased impetus due to a new range of enabling technologies such as satellite position fixing (GPS), improved spatial data collection techniques such as digital theodolites and “soft copy” photogrammetry, as well as a vast range of new information and communications technological tools, thus contributing to the advancement and keeping up with the great countries. This paper presents the problem of cadastral maps. The hitherto existing cadastre, consisting of paper maps and land registers, is now becoming insufficient. Its shortcomings force developments leading to its improvement. One of the ways is the creation of a Land Information System. A digital cadastral map is the main component of this system. The structure and information content of the map is presented, its differences from analogue maps are shown, and the process of map creation is described. A digital cadastral map can be the basis for additional thematic layers, successively converting it into a complex system for management of administrative units.

Data mining in clinical big data:the frequently used databases,steps,and methodological models

Many high quality studies have emerged from public databases,such as Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER),National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES),The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA),and Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care(MIMIC);however,these data are often characterized by a high degree of dimensional heterogeneity,timeliness,scarcity,irregularity,and other characteristics,resulting in the value of these data not being fully utilized.Data-mining technology has been a frontier field in medical research,as it demonstrates excellent performance in evaluating patient risks and assisting clinical decision-making in building disease-prediction models.Therefore,data mining has unique advantages in clinical big-data research,especially in large-scale medical public databases.This article introduced the main medical public database and described the steps,tasks,and models of data mining in simple language.Additionally,we described data-mining methods along with their practical applications.The goal of this work was to aid clinical researchers in gaining a clear and intuitive understanding of the application of data-mining technology on clinical big-data in order to promote the production of research results that are beneficial to doctors and patients.

Utilization of Open Source Spatial Data for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping at Chittagong District of Bangladesh—An Appraisal for Disaster Risk Reduction and Mitigation Approach

Since creation of spatial data is a costly and time consuming process, researchers, in this domain, in most of the cases rely on open source spatial attributes for their specific purpose. Likewise, the present research aims at mapping landslide susceptibility at the metropolitan area of Chittagong district of Bangladesh utilizing obtainable open source spatial data from various web portals. In this regard, we targeted a study region where rainfall induced landslides reportedly causes causalities as well as property damage each year. In this study, however, we employed multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) technique i.e., heuristic, a knowledge driven approach based on expert opinions from various discipline for landslide susceptibility mapping combining nine causative factors—geomorphology, geology, land use/land cover (LULC), slope, aspect, plan curvature, drainage distance, relative relief and vegetation in geographic information system (GIS) environment. The final susceptibility map was devised into five hazard classes viz., very low, low, moderate, high, and very high, representing 22 km2 (13%), 90 km2 (53%);24 km2 (15%);22 km2 (13%) and 10 km2 (6%) areas respectively. This particular study might be beneficial to the local authorities and other stake-holders, concerned in disaster risk reduction and mitigation activities. Moreover this study can also be advantageous for risk sensitive land use planning in the study area.

SMT: A SPATIAL MAPPING TOOL FOR STATISTICAL DATA SET

The statistical map is usually used to indicate the quantitative features of various socio economic phenomena among regions on the base map of administrative divisions or on other base maps which connected with statistical unit. Making use of geographic information system (GIS) techniques, and supported by Auto CAD software, the author of this paper has put forward a practical method for making statistical map and developed a software (SMT) for the making of small scale statistical map using C language.

气象基础信息一张图设计和实现

气象基础信息一张图作为气象数据资源与行业间数据融合的应用示范,通过构建时空联动的气象大数据应用基础,解决多源气象数据融合应用服务问题。气象基础信息一张图基于高分辨率气象网格数据空间化处理、长序列海量网格数据任意时空范围检索以及气象数据与三维地形融合服务3项关键技术,实现多源异构时空数据的统一接入、处理、存储、管理和服务。气象基础信息一张图整合基础地理、自然资源、生态环境、社会经济、气象五大数据资源,面向不同气象应用场景,通过动态组合构建专题服务,实现多源数据快速服务和高效应用。气象基础信息一张图为2022年北京冬奥会及冬残奥会的圆满举办等国家重大活动、2021年郑州“7·20”特大暴雨气象预报复盘服务以及气象数据的社会化服务共享提供应用服务保障,在服务“生命安全、生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好”方面提供有效支撑。

Assessment of the Retail Food Environment Using Integrated GIS and Modified Measures in Wuhan, China

The retail food environment (RFE) has a significant impact on people’s dietary behavior and diet-related outcomes. Although RFE research has received a lot of attention, there are very few studies that shed light on the foodscape and assessment methodologies in the China context. Based on open data obtained from Dianping.com and AutoNavi map, we classified all food outlets into six types. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques were employed to create two network buffer areas (1-km and 3-km) and calculate the absolute measures and relative measures (i.e., mRFEI and Rmix). We modified the calculation of relative measures by adding items and assigning weights. The mean mRFEI using the 1-km and 3-km buffer sizes across the communities were 10.45 and 20.12, respectively, while the mean mRmix of the two buffer sizes were 20.97 and 58.04, indicating that residents in Wuhan have better access to fresh and nutritious food within 3-km network buffers. Residents in urban areas are more likely to be exposed to an unhealthy food environment than those in rural areas. Residents in Xinzhou and Qiaokou districts are more likely to be subjected to unfavorable neighborhood RFE. The open data-driven methods for assessing RFE in Wuhan, China may guide community-level food policy interventions and promote active living by shifting built environments to increase residents’ access to healthy food.

大数据时代地理信息科学专业创新教育改革探索与实践

大数据为新时代高校专业创新教育带来了全新机遇与挑战。本文以地理信息科学专业为例,系统剖析并总结了当前我国高校创新教育现状及其面临的主要挑战,对大数据时代地理信息科学专业创新教育改革进行了探索与实践,具体围绕创新理念渗透、创新意识提升、创新思维培养与创新能力考核,提出了高校创新教育改革新举措,可为全面构建高校创新教育体系提供参考。

呼吸道传染病时空传播风险精细化评估系统构建与应用

目的开发多源城市大数据支持下的城市内部呼吸道传染病时空传播风险精细化评估系统,为城市内部实施更加精准的疾病防控提供决策支持。方法本研究面向流感等典型的呼吸道传染病,融合传染病、人群活动、地理环境等多源大数据,以500米网格为基本空间单元,通过德尔菲法构建高精度传播风险评估模型;通过构建基于人口流动网络的传播动力学模型,实现高精度的呼吸道传染病时空传播模拟,推演未来30天城市内部疾病发展的时空趋势;选取传染病传播高风险区域作为关键的空间防控节点,利用时空传播模拟模型精细化评估不同关键节点防控的效果。结果以深圳市为例,构建了呼吸道传染病时空传播风险精细化评估系统。结论本研究提供了一套面向大型城市内部区域的呼吸道传染病时空传播风险精细化评估系统,能够支持传染病时空扩散趋势的研判,并且能够在疫情发展的不同阶段快速预判高危风险区域防控措施的效果,为呼吸道传染病精准防控提供应急响应的技术和系统储备。

高标准农田时空数据一张图建设实践

为推动市县级高标准农田家底数字化管理,文章梳理了地理信息服务高标准农田信息化建设经验,形成了统一的高标准农田数据库,实现了高标准农田时空数据一张图的功能开发。面向各级农村,农业主管部门提供“1个平台+1套数据+N种服务”的一体化服务模式,所提方案能够全面掌握高标准农田数量、质量、分布、利用状况和后备资源,实现“以图管田”、分类管理、精准施策,为政府决策提供科学准确的数据支撑。

大数据时代国内外个人信息保护研究热点和演化趋势——基于科学知识图谱分析的文献计量方法分析

[目的/意义]对大数据时代国内外个人信息保护的研究热点和演化趋势进行了总结和回顾,旨在为相关领域的研究提供参考和启示。[方法/过程]运用文献计量法和科学知识图谱法,基于CNKI和Web of Science数据库,以ITGInsight为主体工具,再辅之Gephi、Excel、SATI等科学计量与知识网络分析软件,对大数据领域国内外个人信息保护研究领域的热点分布、主题演化以及研究内容进行分析。[结果/结论]大数据时代国内外个人信息保护相关研究主题分布广泛、演化规律较为复杂,呈现出显著的变化趋势,在未来的研究中,需要综合考虑技术、法律、政策等多个方面的因素,以构建更加全面、系统的个人信息保护体系。

大尺度自然地理实体边界智能化提取方法——以大别山为例

为了解决语义明确但空间位置与分布范围并不明确的自然地理实体(PGO)在地图中的分布范围或边界表达问题,提出一种PGO边界的智能化提取方法。首先利用给定的语义词,自动搜索网络地图大数据;接着在顾及PGO的连续空间分布特性基础上,运用空间聚类算法确定PGO的大致范围;然后利用PGO的几何特征(如山地的起伏变化),运用特征识别算法,进一步确定自然实体的分布范围和边界。考虑到此类实体的复杂性,仅以山地(大别山)为例进行实证研究,验证所提方法的有效性。

金沙江白鹤滩水电站生态环境智慧管理平台的应用

金沙江白鹤滩水电站的环保业务监测数据存在分散且缺乏统一有效管理的问题。为了提升现场生态环境监管的效率,亟须建立一个智能高效的管理系统。因此,构建金沙江白鹤滩水电站生态环境智慧管理平台,实现对生态环境的全面监测、精准分析和科学决策。首先,对水电站生态环境智慧管理平台建设的需求和目标进行分析;然后,设计采集层、数据层、应用层和展示层对现场数据进行采样、汇集、分析和可视化展示,并对统一认证门户、物联感知设备协议对接、视频管理系统等关键技术进行分析;最后,在金沙江白鹤滩水电站生态环境智慧管理平台上展示了各子系统的运营效果,验证了该平台具有标准化环保业务管理、一体化数据综合展示、三维效果展示、三维场景昼夜气象变化和三维场景漫游等五大优势。

探讨大数据在测绘地理信息方面的运用

文章深入分析了当前国土资源调查与管理中存在的标准不统一、体系不完善、应用分析不深入等问题,提出了在测绘地理信息技术与大数据技术背景下国土资源管理应积极搭建管理云平台,对国土资源调查进行规范化、标准化管理,对国土资源调查结果进行高效组织与高性能分析,切实提高大数据技术在国土资源管理中的应用水平。

一种基于DSM和DOM的地理信息数据采集方法

针对航摄影像立体采集和人工外业测绘等方式的人员投入大、数据采集效率不高问题,本文通过数字正射影像图(DOM)数据、数字表面模型(DSM)数据及DOM数据生产过程中产生的辅助数据进行再利用,探索推扫式数据中高大地物的倒伏特点,解决数据生产过程中产生的投影差问题,形成了一种新的数据采集技术,并通过生产验证。试验结果表明这种方法打破了传统采集方式的束缚,不受软硬件和人员技能的约束,不仅能够实现基本比例尺地形图测绘功能、新型基础测绘地理实体采编功能,还可以实现建模数据采编功能。

数字政府时空数据中台设计与实践

自然资源和地理信息大数据是数字政府中重要的生产要素,是全国一体化政务大数据体系的重要组成部分。由于各部门存在数据分散和应用孤岛的问题,跨部门、跨业务的数据共享与应用存在一定困难,整体数据利用率低下。针对上述问题,围绕自然资源和地理信息大数据资源服务的需求,设计了数字政府时空数据中台,并对存储计算、数据体系和应用支撑等关键部分进行了详细说明。通过自然资源和地理信息库与人口综合库和法人综合库的整合,数字政府时空数据中台实现了人、企、地三者的有机融合,并结合具体的应用实践进行说明。

一体化测绘技术在城市基础地理信息数据更新中的应用

基础地理信息数据是城市发展建设的重要工具,需要做好相关更新工作。文章以一体化测绘技术为研究对象,阐述了其基本概念,分析其在城市基础地理信息数据更新中的应用价值,从内外业、采编、网络单元数据、图库、图层等维度详细分析了一体化测绘技术在城市基础地理信息数据更新中的具体应用,提供多种地图一体化综合测绘方法,旨在为更多测绘人员提供技术指导,保障城市基础地理信息数据的及时更新,为我国各地有序发展打下扎实的基础。

自发地理信息支持下建成环境与移动型体力活动相关性荟萃分析

【目的】掌握体力活动与建成环境特征的关联对主动干预公众健康具有重大意义。【方法】为系统地验证建成环境的移动型体力活动使用效能,根据自发地理信息、体力活动、环境特征等关键词从Web of Science等数据库筛选出31篇描述统计汇报完整的学术论文,对文章信息、样本基本信息、研究分析方法、因变量和自变量信息等内容进行系统梳理,在此基础上对论文结果进行量化荟萃分析。【结果】自然环境、建成环境、社会环境及主观感知环境均与移动型体力活动存在一致的显著相关关系,关联程度因体力活动类型而异。自然环境中,归一化植被指数、绿化空间密度等自上而下的绿化水平与各类体力活动的正相关性最强;建成环境中,道路密度也与移动型体力活动存在一致的显著正相关关系,而便利设施的供给、人行道宽度仅对步行活动有积极的促进作用;除骑行活动外,居住用地密度与步行、跑步及一般体力活动都有显著的正相关关系。【结论】大批量、多尺度、高精度的体力活动自发地理信息有助于研究者客观掌握城市街区体力活动的分布,比较不同建成环境在多种时空尺度下的体力活动访问模式及使用效能,进而构建街区环境特征与体力活动适宜性的关联性模型;基于荟萃分析的发现为城市规划者和政策制定者优化和新建体力活动干预设施提供了使用效能预测的经验模型,有助于更科学合理地建设促进健康行为的人居环境。

GNSS在地形图制图中的动态数据采集与实时更新策略分析

研究旨在探讨GNSS在地形图制图中动态数据采集与实时更新的策略。通过分析GNSS技术的基本原理和地形图制图的需求,提出动态数据采集和实时更新的方法。在此基础上,结合应用案例验证该策略的有效性。结果显示,采用GNSS进行动态数据采集和实时更新可以提高地形图的精度和时效性。该文的研究为地形图制图领域提供一种有效的数据采集和更新方法,具有重要的应用价值和推广意义。

煤矿GIS一张图快速构建平台研究

目前,煤矿使用的工程专题地图基本都是CAD制图,高效提取CAD图件中的数据并快速组织成地理信息系统(GIS)服务,进而支持矿井空间对象创建和业务属性扩展,集成安全生产实时数据,是构建煤矿GIS一张图的关键。基于ArcGIS平台将CAD图件转为GIS服务的方法实现过程较为繁琐,且ArcGIS平台成本较高,无法较好地跨平台运行。针对该问题,设计了一种煤矿GIS一张图快速构建平台。该平台包括CAD图件管理、地图服务发布、专题地图管理3大功能模块:CAD图件管理模块用于图件基础信息管理和状态跟踪,地图服务发布模块用于地图打包发布和在线预览,专题地图管理模块用于地图服务管理、矿井对象创建及属性扩展。基于开放设计联盟(ODA)的Teigha for Java SDK实现CAD图件全要素精确识别与快速准确提取;通过构建基于GIS数据特征的煤矿CAD图件数据分层描述模型,实现了CAD图件全要素数据快速存储;按照面向对象设计思路,开发了Spring Cloud框架下的Web端煤矿CAD图件数据集存储接口及专题地图服务发布平台,实现了煤矿GIS一张图快速构建。以某煤矿采掘工程平面图为例,分别采用传统方法和快速构建平台进行煤矿GIS一张图的构建,对比结果表明,快速构建平台可大幅提高煤矿GIS一张图的构建效率,为煤矿智能化建设提供时空数字底座。