Among various schemes to reuse and recycle the limited urban fresh water resources, sustainable urban stormwater management, such as water sensitive urban design and rainwater harvesting, has been recognized as one of...Among various schemes to reuse and recycle the limited urban fresh water resources, sustainable urban stormwater management, such as water sensitive urban design and rainwater harvesting, has been recognized as one of the most efficient and economically viable approaches. Storm runoff shall be treated as close as possible to its source before it is reused or discharged into public drainage network or receiving waters to enhance the water environment quality. Bioretention swale/basin, which has been commonly applied to treat runoff from roads, car parks, cyclist and pedestrian paths, rooftops, etc., is recognized to be the most efficient and aesthetic pleasing way to harvest rainwater in urban settings, and other longish shape runoff catchment area. This paper studied over 10 bioretention swales/basins applications in temperate region worldwide covering China, Germany, Norway, Austria, USA, and Australia. Key steps in bioretention swale/basin design and implementation in temperate region were investigated, such as strategic bioretention scheme selection, flow conveyance and hydraulic capacity design, filtering media profile, vegetation scheme selection and maintenance scheme, and suggestion and key design parameters. The critical path and parameters of bioretention swale/basin design which enhanced the effectiveness and efficiency of its application for rainwater harvesting in temperate regions were derived.展开更多
The ability of a wet swale,constructed in an area of poor soil permeability,to manage runoff from a roadway was monitored through 27 storm events over a period of 8 months.During the monitoring period,the wet swale re...The ability of a wet swale,constructed in an area of poor soil permeability,to manage runoff from a roadway was monitored through 27 storm events over a period of 8 months.During the monitoring period,the wet swale reduced the total runoff volume by 50.4%through exfiltration and evapotranspiration.The wet swale significantly decreased the influent pollutant concentrations,and the effluent mean concentrations of total suspended solids,total phosphorus,chemical oxygen demand,ammonium,oxidized nitrogen,and total nitrogen in the effluent were 31 mg/L,0.10 mg/L,29 mg/L,0.52 mg/L,0.35 mg/L and1.28 mg/L,respectively.Pollutant loads were also substantially reduced from 70%to 85%.Plant uptake played an important role in nutrient removal in the wet swale.Approximately half of the nitrogen(53.8%)and phosphorus(51.5%)that entered the wet swale was incorporated in above-ground plants.It is shown that wet swales are useful for managing runoff from roads in areas of poor soil permeability.展开更多
Roadside green swales have emerged as popular stormwater management infrastructure in urban areas,serving to mitigate stormwater pollution and reduce urban surface water discharge.However,there is a limited understand...Roadside green swales have emerged as popular stormwater management infrastructure in urban areas,serving to mitigate stormwater pollution and reduce urban surface water discharge.However,there is a limited understanding of the various types,structures,and functions of swales,as well as the potential challenges they may face in the future.In recent years,China has witnessed a surge in the adoption of roadside green swales,especially as part of the prestigious Sponge City Program(SCP).These green swales play a crucial role in controlling stormwater pollution and conserving urban water resources by effectively removing runoff pollutants,including suspended solids,nitrogen,and phosphorus.This review critically examines recent research findings,identifies key knowledge gaps,and presents future recommendations for designing green swales for effective stormwater management,with a particular emphasis on ongoing major Chinese infrastructure projects.Despite the growing global interest in bioswales and their significance in urban development,China's current classification of such features lacks a clear definition or specific consideration of bioswales.Furthermore,policymakers have often underestimated the adverse environmental effects of road networks,as reflected in existing laws and planning documents.This review argues that the construction and maintenance of roadside green swales should be primarily based on three critical factors:Wellthought-out road planning,suitable construction conditions,and sustainable long-term funding.The integration of quantitative environmental standards into road planning is essential to effectively address the challenge of pollution from rainfall runoff.To combat pollution associated with roads,a comprehensive assessment of potential pollution loadings should be carried out,guiding the appropriate design and construction of green swales,with a particular focus on addressing the phenomenon of first flush.One of the major challenges faced in sustaining funds for ongoing maintenance after swale construction.To address this issue,the implementation of a green finance platform is proposed.Such a platform would help ensure the availability of funds for continuous maintenance,thus maximizing the long-term effectiveness of green swales in stormwater management.Ultimately,the findings of this review aim to assist municipal governments in enhancing and implementing future urban road designs and SCP developments,incorporating effective green swale strategies.展开更多
The physical and chemical properties of BRIS （beach ridges interspersed with swales） soil are unsuitable for agricultural purposes. A proper fertilizer and crop management practices are required. The relationship be...The physical and chemical properties of BRIS （beach ridges interspersed with swales） soil are unsuitable for agricultural purposes. A proper fertilizer and crop management practices are required. The relationship between different level of nitrogen fertilizer, growth and pineapple fruit yield vary N36 were studied. The experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design of seven treatments with four replicates, Prior to artificial flower induction, seven different rates of nitrogen fertilizer at 0, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1,000 and 1,200 kg-ha^-1 were applied in four equal split doses. As the level of nitrogen fertilizer was increased, a decrease in acidity of fruits and an increase in crown weight were observed. However an increase in mean length of D leaf, mean fruit length, mean fruit weight, mean fruit to crown ratio were obtained as the rate of nitrogen fertilizer was increased from 0-600 kg.N-ha^-1. Further increase however led to a decrease in the same parameters.展开更多
To design stormwater treatment facilities (STFs), we recommend the use of a model that should include the calculation of runoff quality, to be based on a detailed land use specification, include site-specific design p...To design stormwater treatment facilities (STFs), we recommend the use of a model that should include the calculation of runoff quality, to be based on a detailed land use specification, include site-specific design parameters, calculated outflow concentrations and loads of specified pollutants of relevance for the receiving water. This study compiles minimum outflow concentrations from stormwater databases of different types of STFs (e.g. swales, wet ponds, wetlands, biofilters and underground retention basins with filters). These data are used for the suggested values of specific “irreducible concentrations” (Cirr). Suggested Cirr for phosphorus (P) varies from 20-82 μg/L depending on facility type, for copper (Cu) 1.1-3.7 g/L, for zinc (Zn) 2.0-17 μg/L and for total suspended solids (TSS) 2,900-5,700 μg/L. Corresponding data for 70 substances are compiled in the StormTac database and employed in the model StormTac Web. Cirr has significant impact regarding the choice of facility type and its calculated dimensions. This design parameter and the calculated outflow concentrations can be used to investigate the need for combined serial facilities or complemented design elements with more planted vegetation or installed filters. Such elements can be required to decrease Cirr and thereby reach project specific limit outflow concentrations and loads.展开更多
基金National Key Science and Technology Special Project, China(No. 2008zx07317-007-105)
文摘Among various schemes to reuse and recycle the limited urban fresh water resources, sustainable urban stormwater management, such as water sensitive urban design and rainwater harvesting, has been recognized as one of the most efficient and economically viable approaches. Storm runoff shall be treated as close as possible to its source before it is reused or discharged into public drainage network or receiving waters to enhance the water environment quality. Bioretention swale/basin, which has been commonly applied to treat runoff from roads, car parks, cyclist and pedestrian paths, rooftops, etc., is recognized to be the most efficient and aesthetic pleasing way to harvest rainwater in urban settings, and other longish shape runoff catchment area. This paper studied over 10 bioretention swales/basins applications in temperate region worldwide covering China, Germany, Norway, Austria, USA, and Australia. Key steps in bioretention swale/basin design and implementation in temperate region were investigated, such as strategic bioretention scheme selection, flow conveyance and hydraulic capacity design, filtering media profile, vegetation scheme selection and maintenance scheme, and suggestion and key design parameters. The critical path and parameters of bioretention swale/basin design which enhanced the effectiveness and efficiency of its application for rainwater harvesting in temperate regions were derived.
基金Project(2011ZX07303-002) supported by National Water Pollution Control and Management Technology Major Projects,China
文摘The ability of a wet swale,constructed in an area of poor soil permeability,to manage runoff from a roadway was monitored through 27 storm events over a period of 8 months.During the monitoring period,the wet swale reduced the total runoff volume by 50.4%through exfiltration and evapotranspiration.The wet swale significantly decreased the influent pollutant concentrations,and the effluent mean concentrations of total suspended solids,total phosphorus,chemical oxygen demand,ammonium,oxidized nitrogen,and total nitrogen in the effluent were 31 mg/L,0.10 mg/L,29 mg/L,0.52 mg/L,0.35 mg/L and1.28 mg/L,respectively.Pollutant loads were also substantially reduced from 70%to 85%.Plant uptake played an important role in nutrient removal in the wet swale.Approximately half of the nitrogen(53.8%)and phosphorus(51.5%)that entered the wet swale was incorporated in above-ground plants.It is shown that wet swales are useful for managing runoff from roads in areas of poor soil permeability.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFE0193100 and 2019YFC1510400)the Construction Project of China Knowledge Centre for Engineering Sciences and Technology(Grant No.CKCEST-2022-1-41)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation Program of China(Grant No.NSFC41850410497)the Institute of Asia Pacific Studies(IAPS)research funds and the Doctoral Training Partnership and the postgraduate research fund at University Nottingham Ningbo China and the Institute of Urban Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Roadside green swales have emerged as popular stormwater management infrastructure in urban areas,serving to mitigate stormwater pollution and reduce urban surface water discharge.However,there is a limited understanding of the various types,structures,and functions of swales,as well as the potential challenges they may face in the future.In recent years,China has witnessed a surge in the adoption of roadside green swales,especially as part of the prestigious Sponge City Program(SCP).These green swales play a crucial role in controlling stormwater pollution and conserving urban water resources by effectively removing runoff pollutants,including suspended solids,nitrogen,and phosphorus.This review critically examines recent research findings,identifies key knowledge gaps,and presents future recommendations for designing green swales for effective stormwater management,with a particular emphasis on ongoing major Chinese infrastructure projects.Despite the growing global interest in bioswales and their significance in urban development,China's current classification of such features lacks a clear definition or specific consideration of bioswales.Furthermore,policymakers have often underestimated the adverse environmental effects of road networks,as reflected in existing laws and planning documents.This review argues that the construction and maintenance of roadside green swales should be primarily based on three critical factors:Wellthought-out road planning,suitable construction conditions,and sustainable long-term funding.The integration of quantitative environmental standards into road planning is essential to effectively address the challenge of pollution from rainfall runoff.To combat pollution associated with roads,a comprehensive assessment of potential pollution loadings should be carried out,guiding the appropriate design and construction of green swales,with a particular focus on addressing the phenomenon of first flush.One of the major challenges faced in sustaining funds for ongoing maintenance after swale construction.To address this issue,the implementation of a green finance platform is proposed.Such a platform would help ensure the availability of funds for continuous maintenance,thus maximizing the long-term effectiveness of green swales in stormwater management.Ultimately,the findings of this review aim to assist municipal governments in enhancing and implementing future urban road designs and SCP developments,incorporating effective green swale strategies.
文摘The physical and chemical properties of BRIS （beach ridges interspersed with swales） soil are unsuitable for agricultural purposes. A proper fertilizer and crop management practices are required. The relationship between different level of nitrogen fertilizer, growth and pineapple fruit yield vary N36 were studied. The experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design of seven treatments with four replicates, Prior to artificial flower induction, seven different rates of nitrogen fertilizer at 0, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1,000 and 1,200 kg-ha^-1 were applied in four equal split doses. As the level of nitrogen fertilizer was increased, a decrease in acidity of fruits and an increase in crown weight were observed. However an increase in mean length of D leaf, mean fruit length, mean fruit weight, mean fruit to crown ratio were obtained as the rate of nitrogen fertilizer was increased from 0-600 kg.N-ha^-1. Further increase however led to a decrease in the same parameters.
文摘To design stormwater treatment facilities (STFs), we recommend the use of a model that should include the calculation of runoff quality, to be based on a detailed land use specification, include site-specific design parameters, calculated outflow concentrations and loads of specified pollutants of relevance for the receiving water. This study compiles minimum outflow concentrations from stormwater databases of different types of STFs (e.g. swales, wet ponds, wetlands, biofilters and underground retention basins with filters). These data are used for the suggested values of specific “irreducible concentrations” (Cirr). Suggested Cirr for phosphorus (P) varies from 20-82 μg/L depending on facility type, for copper (Cu) 1.1-3.7 g/L, for zinc (Zn) 2.0-17 μg/L and for total suspended solids (TSS) 2,900-5,700 μg/L. Corresponding data for 70 substances are compiled in the StormTac database and employed in the model StormTac Web. Cirr has significant impact regarding the choice of facility type and its calculated dimensions. This design parameter and the calculated outflow concentrations can be used to investigate the need for combined serial facilities or complemented design elements with more planted vegetation or installed filters. Such elements can be required to decrease Cirr and thereby reach project specific limit outflow concentrations and loads.
