Effect of comprehensive nursing on the quality of life and swallowing function in individuals diagnosed with ischemic stroke

BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke(IS)is a widely recognized disease characterized by high preva-lence,mortality,morbidity,disability,and recurrence rates.It ranks prominently in terms of mortality,constituting 60%-80%of stroke cases.AIM To explore the impact of comprehensive nursing care on the quality of life and swallowing function in individuals diagnosed with IS.METHODS This study comprised 172 patients with IS admitted to our hospital between February 2018 to March 2021.The participants were divided into two groups,namely the control group(n=80)receiving routine care and the research group(n=92)receiving comprehensive care.Various assessment scales,including the standard swallowing function assessment scale(SSA),National Institutes of Health Stroke scale(NIHSS),European stroke scale(ESS),self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),self-rating depression scale(SDS),Barthel index(BI),and the motor func-tion assessment scale(MAS),were employed to evaluate the improvement in swallowing function,neurological deficits,clinical outcomes,anxiety,depression,daily living activities,and motor function before and after care.Furthermore,the study compared the occurrence of adverse reactions during the nursing period,life quality before and after the intervention,rehabilitation compliance,and nursing satisfaction between the two groups.RESULTS After the nursing intervention,the research group exhibited significantly improved SSA and NIHSS scores compared to the control group(P<0.05).Moreover,both groups demonstrated significant reductions in SAS and SDS scores(P<0.05),with the research group showing more obvious advantages(P<0.05).Compared to the control group,the research group displayed significantly better ESS,BI,and MAS scores(P<0.05),coupled with a lower incidence of adverse reactions(P<0.05).Additionally,the research group demonstrated markedly higher levels of life quality,rehabilitation compliance,and nursing satisfaction compared to the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Comprehensive nursing effectively improved swallowing function,quality of life,and patient satisfaction,high-lighting its clinical significance.

Effect of comprehensive nursing on swallowing function and quality of life in patients with ischemic stroke

Hu et al explored the impact of comprehensive nursing model on swallowing function and quality of life in patients with ischemic stroke.They divided 172 patients into the control group(routine care)and the research group(comprehensive care),and used standard scales to evaluate the swallowing function,neurological deficit,anxiety and depression,daily living ability,and exercise of the two groups of patients before and after care.Changes in indicators of function,quality of life,and compliance.The results showed that compared with the control group,patients in the study group achieved significant improvements in various indicators,with a lower incidence of adverse reactions and higher satisfaction with care.These data suggest that the comprehensive nursing model can significantly improve the swallowing function,quality of life and satisfaction of patients with ischemic stroke.In the future,the development of comprehensive nursing models needs to focus on technological innovation,humanized services,continuing education and training,multi-disciplinary collaboration,optimal allocation of resources,standardized practice and evaluation,etc.,in order to improve nursing effects and promote the improvement of medical service quality.

Analysis of the Relationship between Eating and Swallowing Function and Lifestyle of the Elderly Living in the Community-A Secondary Publication

Objectives:The relationship between eating and swallowing function,and lifestyle among community-dwelling elderly people has not been extensively studied.This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of eating and swallowing function and their association with the lifestyle among the elderly.Methods:A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted on 419 elderly people who participated in the oral function improvement project operated by the Community Comprehensive Support Center.A total of 288 valid responses(58 males,230 females,average age 73.6 years)were analyzed.The survey items included basic demographics,health status,lifestyle,and eating and swallowing functions.The chi-square(χ2)test was used to compare for a difference in the risk of dysphagia.Results:72 patients(25.0%)were judged to be at risk for dysphagia,and 216(75.0%)were judged to be not at risk for dysphagia using the revised dysphagia risk assessment scale.The mean score for oral preparatory dysphagia was the highest,while the mean score for pharyngeal dysphagia was the lowest.The group at risk of dysphagia had significant difficulty in chewing and had bad sleep quality as compared to the group that was not at risk.Conclusion:Concerning the risk of dysphagia,there is a need to maintain and improve masticatory function.In addition,improving the swallowing function of the elderly may prevent insomnia and improve sleep quality.

Application value research of swallowing treatment device combined with swallowing rehabilitation training in the treatment of swallowing disorders after stroke

BACKGROUND Stroke is a common disabling disease,whether it is ischemic stroke or hemorrhagic stroke,both can result in neuronal damage,leading to various manifestations of neurological dysfunction.AIM To explore of the application value of swallowing treatment device combined with swallowing rehabilitation training in the treatment of swallowing disorders after stroke.METHODS This study selected 86 patients with swallowing disorders after stroke admitted to our rehabilitation department from February 2022 to December 2023 as research subjects.They were divided into a control group(n=43)and an observation group(n=43)according to the treatment.The control group received swallowing rehabilitation training,while the observation group received swallowing treatment device in addition to the training.Both groups underwent continuous intervention for two courses of treatment.RESULTS The total effective rate in the observation group(93.02%)was higher than that in the control group(76.74%)(P=0.035).After intervention,the oral transit time,swallowing response time,pharyngeal transit time,and laryngeal closure time decreased in both groups compared to before intervention.In the observation group,the oral transit time,swallowing response time,and pharyngeal transit time were shorter than those in the control group after intervention.However,the laryngeal closure time after intervention in the observation group was compared with that in the control group(P=0.142).After intervention,average amplitude value and duration of the genioglossus muscle group during empty swallowing and swallowing 5 mL of water are reduced compared to before intervention in both groups.After intervention,the scores of the chin-tuck swallowing exercise and the Standardized Swallowing Assessment are both reduced compared to pre-intervention levels in both groups.However,the observation group scores lower than the control group after intervention.Additionally,the Functional Oral Intake Scale scores of both groups are increased after intervention compared to pre-intervention levels,with the observation group scoring higher than the control group after intervention(P<0.001).The cumulative incidence of complications in the observation group is 9.30%,which is lower than the 27.91%in the control group(P=0.027).CONCLUSION The combination of swallowing therapy equipment with swallowing rehabilitation training can improve the muscle movement level of the genioglossus muscle group,enhance swallowing function,and prevent the occurrence of swallowing-related complications after stroke.

Association of Oral Diadochokinesis, Physical Function and Swallowing Function in Community-Dwelling Elderly People

Objective: Oral diadochokinesis (ODK) has been shown to be associated with oral frailty. In this study, we investigate the relationship between physical function, swallowing function, nutritional evaluation, and each syllable of ODK. Methods: The subjects are 26 elderly people living in an area where they can walk. ODK, tongue pressure, modified water swallowing test, EAT-10, grip strength, MNA-SF, skeletal muscle index, height, weight, and BMI were evaluated. For statistical analysis based on ODK values, the subjects were divided into two groups on the basis of the number of times the syllables /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/ were repeated: 1) The first group with >6 repetitions exceeded six; 2) the second group with ≤5 repetitions. Both groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test (Model 1). In addition, the syllables /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/ were also divided among the groups and a comparison was performed (Model 2). Results: In Model 1, the tongue pressure value was significantly higher in the good group (p < 0.01). In Model 2, the good group showed significantly higher values for the syllables /pa/ (p < 0.01) and /ta/ (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the values for the syllable /ka/. Conclusion: In community-dwelling elderly people, tongue pressure was positively associated with ODK values for the syllables /pa/ and /ta/, suggesting that tongue pressure may be associated with strength of the lip and tongue tip muscles. Furthermore, it was suggested that the ODK values may even be lower than normal values in the elderly who maintain skeletal muscle mass and thus have adequate tongue pressure;therefore, these indicators may be used as a guideline to assess oral frailty.

Evaluation of Care Quality Related to Dietary Intake and Swallowing Functions of Residents at Long-Term Facilities in Japan

This study aimed to evaluate the quality of healthcare services pertaining to the dietary intake and swallowing functions of residents, nutrition management practices, and performance of residents at long-term care facilities. We investigated outcome indicators, such as changes in dietary intake and swallowing function levels of residents, and clarified which structural and process indicators were associated with the outcome indicators. This was a retrospective study, analyzing information on healthcare services from 1067 long-term care facilities during the fiscal year 2012, sampled from among those registered with the Welfare, Health and Medical Care Information Network of the Welfare and Medical Service Agency in Japan. Five outcome indicators were identified. Next, we examined the relationships between the outcome indicators and structural or process indicators using a multivariate linear regression model, adjusting for facility type. The findings showed how the five outcome indicators were used in long-term care facilities over a period of one year and determined the independent predictors of these outcome indicators. The amplification of dietary function 1 was associated with “assessment of oral functions using a feeding and swallowing assessment checklist every three months”, “holding care conferences related to ingestion and swallowing every three months”, and “maintaining a 1:2 ratio for meal-time assistants to residents”. To improve the quality of care, it is necessary to increase the number of staff (e.g., to provide meal assistance to residents) and to understand changes in the residents’ status through accurate assessment and monitoring.

Swallowing Function before and after Subtotal Glossectomy and Reconstruction with a Rectus Abdominis Musculocutaneous Flap: A Case Report

Purpose: Swallowing function was in a patient with tongue cancer that was evaluated with video fluorography before and after subtotal glossectomy and reconstruction with a rectus abdominis muscuocutaneous flap. Materials and Methods: A 41-year-old man underwent subtotal glossectomy and retained the unilateral posterior mylohyoid and unilateral stylohyoid muscles. The structure of the flap was evaluated postoperatively. To assess swallowing function, video fluorography was performed before surgery, 1 month after surgery and 1 year after surgery. Testing involved 1) ability to hold 10 mL of liquid in the oral cavity, 2) epiglottis turnover, 3) the presence of aspiration, 4) hyoid bone movement, and 5) maximum width of the esophageal entrance. Results: The flap was protuberant postoperatively. The patient was able to hold the test diet in the oral cavity before and after surgery. Epiglottis turnover was good before surgery but insufficient after surgery. Aspiration during swallowing was not observed before or after surgery. At rest, the hyoid bone sagged postoperatively, in comparison with preoperatively. Hyoid bone movement and width of the esophageal entrance decreased after surgery;however, they demonstrated gradual recovery. Conclusions: For good postoperative swallowing function after subtotal glossectomy, it is necessary to perform reconstruction with protuberant flap and to retain the suprahyoid muscles as much as possible.

Central swallowing in normal adults using functional magnetic resonance imaging

BACKGROUND： While brain-imaging studies in healthy adults have indicated that multiple cortical regions are involved in swallowing, these functional imaging techniques have not been extensively applied to the complete understand neurophysiology of swallowing in China. A full understanding of normal swallowing neurophysiology is important for improving functional outcomes for dysphagia due to neurologic disorders or damage with increasing age. Thus the interpretations of the functional contributions of various brain areas in swallowing should be scientifically researched. OBJECTIVE： To identify the activation and characteristic of swallowing center in healthy adults using functional magnetic resonance imaging. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： An uncontrolled neuroimaging study was performed at the Outpatient Clinic, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University between March and November 2008. PARTICIPANTS： Ten healthy right-handed volunteers, aged over 20 years with a mean age of （34.2 ＋ 8.1） years, a range of 25-45 years and including five males and five females participated. A medical history was obtained from all potential subjects and all subjects were free of systemic diseases and neurological disorders. METHODS： The healthy volunteers were examined with event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging of blood oxygenation level-dependent while laryngeal swallow-related movements were recorded. Subjects were scanned during voluntary saliva swallowing and water bolus swallowing activation tasks. Data was processed using the General Linear Model. A voxel by voxel group comparison was performed using random effect analysis. Any cluster with a corrected P 〈 0.05 for spatial extent was considered significant. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The cerebral cortical activation maps of voluntary swallowing of saliva and swallowing of water bolus in healthy adults were observed. RESULTS： A multifocal cortical representation of swallowing was in the precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, insula, anterior cingulate gyrus, thalamus, basal ganglia and cerebellum, in a bilateral and asymmetrical manner, predominantly on the left hemisphere in the volunteers （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Activation of the cortex during normal swallowing tasks may be functionally linked to basal nuclei, thalamus, and cerebellum, greatly appearing in the left hemisphere.

说话瓣膜联合呼吸康复训练在气管切开患者中的应用价值

目的:探讨说话瓣膜联合呼吸康复训练对气管切开患者吞咽功能、呼吸功能及肺通气功能的影响。方法:选择2021年3月—2023年12月收治的气管切开患者50例,按入院先后顺序分为对照组和观察组,每组25例。对照组行常规护理,观察组行说话瓣膜联合呼吸康复训练。比较干预前后患者吞咽功能、呼吸功能、膈肌移动度、膈肌厚度以及拔除气切套管时间、并发症情况。结果:治疗后,观察组标准吞咽功能评分表(SSA)评分较对照组降低,而最大呼气压(MEP)、最大吸气压(MIP)以及最大呼气流量(PEF)较对照组升高(P<0.05);观察组膈肌移动度、膈肌厚度较对照组增加,拔除气切套管时间较对照组更短(P<0.05);观察组并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:说话瓣膜联合呼吸康复训练可改善气管切开患者的吞咽功能、呼吸功能及肺通气功能,减少并发症,促进疾病的康复。

吞咽功能分级护理模式在老年脑梗死合并吞咽障碍患者中的应用效果

目的探究脑梗死合并吞咽障碍的老年患者接受吞咽功能分级护理模式的干预效果。方法根据随机数字表法将郑州市第九人民医院2021年1月至2023年12月收治的100例脑梗死合并吞咽障碍的老年患者分为两组,均50例,对照组给予常规护理,研究组在对照组基础上给予吞咽功能分级护理模式,对比两组干预效果。结果护理前,两组吞咽情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),护理后,两组均获得明显改善,且研究组优良率(96.00%)高于对照组(72.00%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。护理前,两组各营养指标水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),护理后,两组各营养指标水平均升高,且研究组高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。护理前,两组吞咽生存质量问卷(SWAL-QOL)评分与标准吞咽功能评价量表(SSA)评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),护理后,两组SWAL-QOL评分均升高,SSA评分均下降,且研究组SWAL-QOL评分高于对照组,SSA评分低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组不良反应发生率(2.00%)低于对照组(14.00%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论吞咽功能分级护理模式可改善老年脑梗死合并吞咽障碍患者吞咽功能,提高其营养指标与生存质量,降低不良反应发生率,值得临床应用。

舌三针埋针下电刺激治疗脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍的临床研究

目的:探讨舌三针埋针下电刺激治疗脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍(DSA)的临床疗效。方法:将90例DSA患者以1:1:1比例随机分为三组,即常规组、舌三针组及舌三针加电组,每组30例,常规组根据病情变化给予中西医基础治疗(西医对照治疗、常规吞咽功能训练、偏瘫肢体常规针刺),舌三针组在常规治疗组基于上增加舌三针治疗,舌三针加电组基于常规治疗组基础增加舌三针埋针下电刺激治疗,三组均治疗4个疗程。采用洼田饮水试验、标准吞咽功能评定量表(SSA)、舌骨喉复合体活动度、改良Barthel指数法(MBI)及吞咽障碍特异性生活质量评分(SWAL-QOL)等指标评估各组的摄食-吞咽功能疗效。结果:舌三针加电组吞咽功能临床总有效率相比舌三针、常规组均有显著提高(P<0.05);治疗4个周后,三组洼田饮水试验评分和SSA评分较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05),三组舌骨上移、前移距离和甲状软骨上移、前移距离较治疗前显著增加(P<0.05),三组MBI评分和SWAL-QOL评分相比治疗前有显著提高趋势(P<0.05),上述指标除舌骨上移、甲状软骨上移及前移距离之外其他指标,三针加电组变化幅度显著大于舌三针组和常规组(P<0.05),舌三针组变化幅度大于常规组(P<0.05)。结论:舌三针埋针下电刺激治疗DSA后能提高摄食-吞咽功能疗效,改善其吞咽功能,提高舌骨喉复合体活动度、日常生活活动能力和生活质量。

Evaluation of the Application Effect of "One Disease, One Product" Nursing Program in Improving Swallowing Function and ADL of Stroke Patients

[Objectives] To observe the effect of "One Disease, One Product" nursing program in improving swallowing function and activities of daily living (ADL) of stroke patients.[Methods] 240 patients with stroke complicated with dysphagia were divided into intervention group and control group according to the random number table method, with 120 cases in each group. The patients in the intervention group were treated with "One Disease, One Product" nursing program for standardized process nursing, and the control group was treated with routine nursing for stroke. Three weeks later, the swallowing function of the two groups of patients was evaluated by water swallowing test. At the same time, Barthel life index was used to evaluate patients activities of daily living (ADL) before nursing, after 3 weeks and after 3 months of nursing.[Results] After 3 weeks, the proportion of stroke patients with normal swallowing function in both groups increased compared with before, and the increase was more obvious in the intervention group. The difference in the proportion of stroke patients with normal swallowing function between the intervention group and the control group was statistically significant. The BI index scores after 3 weeks or at the follow-up three months later showed that compared with the same group before care, the BI index scores of patients in both groups increased significantly compared with before, but the increase was even greater in the intervention group, close to normal.[Conclusions] The "One Disease, One Product" nursing program can significantly improve the swallowing function of stroke patients, and can improve the near and long-term activities of daily living of patients, thus creating a high-quality nursing service brand.

电针舌三针辅助星状神经节阻滞对脑梗死后吞咽障碍患者吞咽功能的影响

目的探讨电针舌三针辅助星状神经节阻滞(Stellate ganglion block,SGB)对脑梗死后吞咽障碍患者吞咽功能的影响。方法选取2022年1月—2023年1月期间河北北方学院附属第二医院收治的90例脑梗死后吞咽障碍患者,依据简单随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,每组各45例。对照组采取SGB治疗,研究组在对照组基础上采取电针舌三针疗法,共治疗14 d。统计两组患者治疗前后舌骨移动度、吞咽用时、吞咽功能(Standardized swallowing assessment,SSA)及生活质量(Swallowing Quality-of-Life Instrument,SWAL-QOL)评分、营养状态指标[白蛋白(Prealbumin,PA)、转铁蛋白(Transferrin,TRF)、白蛋白(Albumin,ALB)]平及不良事件发生情况。结果治疗后两组患者舌骨上、下移动度较治疗前增大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且研究组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者喉关闭用时、咽运送用时、口腔运送用时、吞咽反应用时较治疗前缩短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且研究组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者SSA评分较治疗前降低、SWAL-QOL评分较治疗前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且研究组SSA评分低于对照组,SWAL-QOL评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者PA、ALB、TRF水平较治疗前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗期间,研究组不良事件发生率4.44%(2/45)明显低于对照组17.78%(8/45),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采取电针舌三针辅助SGB治疗脑梗死后吞咽障碍可增大舌骨移动度,缩短吞咽用时,利于改善吞咽功能及营养状态,提升生活质量,并降低不良事件发生风险。

Research Progress of Swallowing Therapy in Relieving Dysphagia after Stroke

This article summarizes the current rehabilitation treatment methods for dysphagia after stroke,including feeding-swallowing function treatment,acupuncture treatment,neuromuscular electrical stimulation,balloon catheter dilatation,etc.,all of which have many clinical applications,hoping to play a guiding role in future research.

头针联合吞咽功能康复训练治疗中风后假性球麻痹吞咽障碍患者的临床观察

目的探讨头针联合吞咽功能康复训练治疗中风后假性球麻痹吞咽障碍患者的临床疗效。方法选取2023年1月—2023年12月期间保定市第一中心医院收治的中风后假性球麻痹吞咽障碍患者80例,按照随机对照试验设计方法分为对照组和观察组,每组各40例。对照组接受康复训练等常规西医治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合头针治疗。治疗4周后,观察比较两组患者治疗前后中医证候积分、洼田氏饮水试验评分、Barthel指数评分、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National institute of health stroke scale,NIHSS)评分、吞咽功能评估表(Standardized swallowing assessment,SSA)评分、吞咽障碍特异性生活质量量表(Swallowing quality of life,SWAL-QOL)评分改善状况,并比较两组患者临床总有效率和不良反应发生率。结果治疗后两组患者中医证候积分和洼田氏饮水试验评分均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组中医证候积分和洼田氏饮水试验评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者Barthel指数评分较治疗前升高,NIHSS评分较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组Barthel指数评分高于对照组,NIHSS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者SSA评分较治疗前降低,SWAL-QOL评分较治疗前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组SSA评分低于对照组,SWAL-QOL评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后观察组临床总有效率92.50%(37/40)高于对照组75.00%(30/40),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗期间,两组患者均未出现晕针、血肿等不良反应发生情况。结论头针联合吞咽功能康复训练能改善中风后假性球麻痹吞咽障碍患者的神经损伤程度和吞咽功能,缓解患者临床症状表现,提高吞咽障碍患者生活质量,具有显著的临床疗效。

李氏一指禅推拿联合Vocastim-Master吞咽言语诊治仪治疗脑卒中吞咽功能障碍的疗效观察

目的观察李氏一指禅推拿联合Vocastim-Master吞咽言语诊治仪治疗脑卒中吞咽功能障碍的疗效。方法将60例脑卒中吞咽功能障碍患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组30例,实际对照组完成30例,治疗组29例。两组均予以常规内科治疗及常规吞咽功能康复训练,对照组采用Vocastim-Master吞咽言语诊治仪治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上联合李氏一指禅推拿治疗。治疗前和治疗3周后分别采用吞咽功能评分、改良曼恩吞咽能力评估量表(modified Mann assessment of swallowing ability,MMASA)评价吞咽功能,采用临床肺部感染评分(clinical pulmonary infection score,CPIS)评价肺部感染情况,采用改良Barthel指数(modified Barthel index,MBI)评价日常生活活动能力,采用肌骨超声测定舌骨—甲状软骨间距离缩短率(approximation shortening rate,ASR),并根据治疗前后洼田饮水试验分级变化判定临床疗效。结果与治疗前比较,治疗后两组患者吞咽功能评分、CPIS、舌骨与甲状软骨之间的最短距离(minimum hyoid-larynx approximation,MIHLA)显著降低(P<0.05),MMASA评分、MBI、ASR显著升高(P<0.05);观察组吞咽功能评分、CPIS、MIHLA降低程度和MMASA评分、MBI、ASR升高程度显著大于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组基于洼田饮水试验分级的临床疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论李氏一指禅推拿联合Vocastim-Master吞咽言语诊治仪治疗能够改善脑卒中的吞咽功能障碍患者吞咽功能,降低肺部感染发生率,提高日常生活活动能力,修复舌骨与甲状软骨相互靠近的机制。

不同术式喉癌患者术后吞咽功能、认知功能的比较及其危险因素分析

目的 分析不同术式喉癌患者术后吞咽功能、认知功能的比较及其危险因素。方法 回顾性选取2020年4月至2023年4月新疆医科大学第一附属医院收治的80例喉癌患者进行研究,根据手术方法不同将患者分为A组(n=26)、B组(n=27)、C组(n=27)。A组行水平半喉切除术,B组行环状软骨-舌骨-会厌固定术(CHEP),C组行垂直半喉切除术。对比三组患者的术后吞咽功能、认知功能,并建立多因素Logistic模型,分析影响术后吞咽功能、认知功能的独立危险因素。结果 C组术后吞咽功能0级率为70.37%,明显高于A(38.46%)、B组(37.04%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。C组术后MOCA、MMSE评分分别为(26.14±2.25)、(27.16±2.14)分,均明显高于A[(24.12±2.34)、(25.14±2.24)分]、B组[(24.45±2.45)、(25.36±2.18)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。80例患者的术后吞咽功能障碍发生率为51.25%,认知功能障碍发生率为60.00%。与吞咽功能正常组比较,障碍组年龄≥60岁、TNMⅢ期、颈部淋巴结清扫、气管切开术、水平半喉切除术、CHEP术患者占比较高;与认知功能正常组比较,障碍组年龄≥60岁、初中及以下、水平半喉切除术、CHEP术患者占比较高(P<0.05)。单因素和多因素Logistic分析结果显示,年龄、TNM分期、颈部淋巴结清扫、气管切开术、水平半喉切除术、CHEP术均是导致喉癌患者术后吞咽功能障碍的独立危险因素;年龄、文化程度、水平半喉切除术、CHEP术均是导致喉癌患者术后认知功能障碍的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 垂直半喉切除术手术对喉癌吞咽和认知功能影响较小,水平半喉切除术、CHEP和年龄、文化程度、临床分期等因素均有可能导致喉癌患者引发术后吞咽功能、认知功能障碍。

项丛刺疗法联合揿针埋针治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍的临床疗效观察

目的探究项丛刺疗法联合揿针埋针治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍(post-stroke dysphagia,PSD)的临床疗效。方法选取2019年3月至2022年1月保定市第二医院收治的80例PSD患者,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各40例。对照组采用揿针埋针治疗,观察组采用项丛刺疗法联合揿针埋针治疗,两组干预隔日1次,均治疗2周。比较两组临床疗效、吞咽功能评价量表(standardized swallowing assessment,SSA)、洼田饮水试验、中医证候积分、吞咽造影数字化分析相关指标(咽收缩率和咽收缩持续时间)、表面肌电图(surface electromyography,sEMG)指标[持续时间和平均振幅值(averaged electromyography,AEMG)]及并发症发生率。结果与对照组(75.00%)比较,观察组总有效率(92.50%)升高(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,两组治疗后洼田饮水试验评分、SSA评分、中医证候积分、咽收缩率以及颏下肌群、舌骨下肌群的AEMG和持续时间均降低(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);与治疗前比较,两组治疗后咽收缩持续时间增加(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论项丛刺疗法联合揿针埋针治疗PSD效果显著,可提高患者吞咽功能,缓解症状,改善吞咽造影数字化分析、表面肌电图相关指标。

时效性激励对脑梗死合并吞咽障碍患者吞咽功能营养状况及神经功能的影响

目的探讨时效性激励对脑梗死合并吞咽障碍患者吞咽功能、营养状况及神经功能的影响。方法将293例脑梗死合并吞咽障碍患者根据入院建档顺序分为对照组146例和观察组147例。对照组患者给予直接摄食训练,观察组患者在对照组基础上联合时效性激励。观察两组患者干预前后吞咽功能、营养状态[白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)、转铁蛋白(TRF)]、功能恢复情况[美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)、Barthel指数量表(BI)评分]及并发症。结果干预后两组患者吞咽期通过时间(PTT)、吞咽障碍评分、食管上括约肌(UES)完全开放率以及NIHSS、BI评分均较干预前改善,且观察组优于对照组(P<0.01);两组患者血清ALB、PA、TRF水平均较干预前升高,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.01);观察组患者并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论时效性激励联合直接摄食训练可改善脑梗死合并吞咽障碍患者吞咽功能、神经功能、日常生活能力及机体营养状况,降低并发症发生率。

正念减压联合分阶段康复护理对喉癌喉部分切除术后患者吞咽功能及负性情绪的影响

目的考察正念减压联合分阶段康复护理对喉癌喉部分切除术后患者吞咽功能及负性情绪的影响。方法90例行喉癌喉部分切除术患者,随机分为对照组和观察组,各45例。对照组给予常规护理干预方法,观察组给予正念减压联合分阶段康复护理方法。比较两组患者吞咽功能、心理状态、癌因性疲乏和生活质量、并发症发生情况。结果干预后8周,两组标准吞咽功能评价量表(SSA)评分均低于干预前和干预后4周,中文版安德森吞咽困难量表(MDADI)评分均高于干预前和干预后4周,且干预后4周,两组SSA评分均低于干预前,MDADI评分均高于干预前(P<0.05)。干预后4、8周,观察组SSA评分分别为(10.41±1.88)、(8.72±1.25)分,均低于同期对照组的(11.51±1.67)、(9.63±1.19)分,MDADI评分分别为(65.41±5.33)、(75.82±5.13)分,均高于对照组的(62.81±5.67)、(73.42±5.50)分(P<0.05)。干预后8周,两组抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分均低于干预前和干预后4周,且干预后4周,两组SAS、SDS评分均低于干预前(P<0.05)。干预后4、8周观察组SAS、SDS评分均低于同期对照组(P<0.05)。干预后8周,两组Piper疲乏修订量表(PFS)均低于干预前和干预后4周,头颈部癌生命质量测定量表(QLICP-HN)评分均高于干预前和干预后4周,且干预后4周,两组PFS评分均低于干预前,QLICP-HN评分均高于干预前(P<0.05)。干预后4、8周,观察组PFS评分均低于同期对照组,QLICP-HN评分均高于同期对照组(P<0.05)。观察组并发症发生率6.67%低于对照组的22.22%(P<0.05)。结论正念减压联合分阶段康复护理能够有效改善喉癌喉部分切除术后患者的吞咽功能和负性情绪,缓解癌因性疲乏,提高生活质量,降低并发症发生情况。