Pantograph and catenary system with double pantographs for high-speed trains at 350 km/h or higher

The paper is aimed at developing an optimized design of the pantograph and catenary system with double pantographs at a speed of 350 km/h for the Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway. First, the pantograph and catenary system for the Beijing-Tianjin high-speed railway was analyzed to verify whether its design objective could be fulfilled. It shows that the system is not able to satisfy the requirement of a sustainable running speed of 350 km/h. Then a new scheme for the pantograph and catenary system is proposed through optimization and renovation of the structure and parameters of the pantograph and catenary system, including the suspension type of the catenary, tension of the contact wire, and space between two pantographs. Finally, the dynamic performance of the new system was verified by simulation and line testing. The results show that the new scheme of the pantograph and catenary system for the Wuhan- Guangzhou high-speed railway is acceptable, in which the steady contact between the rear pantograph and the catenary at the space of 200 m can be maintained to ensure the current-collection quality. A current collection with double pantographs at a speed of 350 km/h or higher can be achieved.

Geometry deviation effects of railway catenaries on pantograph– catenary interaction: a case study in Norwegian Railway System

This paper presents a non-contact measurement of the realistic catenary geometry deviation in the Norwegian railway network through a laser rangefinder.The random geometry deviation is included in the catenary model to investigate its effect on the pantograph–catenary interaction.The dispersion of the longitudinal deviation is assumed to follow a Gaussian distribution.A power spectrum density represents the vertical deviation in the contact wire.Based on the Monte Carlo method,several geometry deviation samples are generated and included in the catenary model.A lumped mass pantograph with flexible collectors is employed to reproduce the high-frequency behaviours.The stochastic analysis results indicate that the catenary geometry deviation causes a significant dispersion of the pantograph–catenary interaction response.The contact force standard deviations measured by the inspection vehicle are within the scope of the simulation results.A critical cut-off frequency that covers 1/16 of the dropper interval is suggested to fully describe the effect of the catenary geometry deviation on the contact force.The statistical minimum contact force is recommended to be modified according to the tolerant contact loss rate at high frequency.An unpleasant interaction performance of the pantograph–catenary can be expected at the catenary top speed when the random catenary geometry deviation is included.

Evolution of the electrical contact of dynamic pantograph–catenary system

A good contact between the pantograph and catenary is critically important for the working reliability of electric trains, while the basic understanding on the electrical contact evolution during the pantograph--catenary system working is still ambiguous so far. In this paper, the evolution of electric contact was studied in respects of the contact resistance, temperature rise, and microstructure variation, based on a home-made pantograph-catenary simulation system. Pure carbon strips and copper alloy contact wires were used, and the experimental electrical current, sliding speed, and normal force were set as 80 A, 30 km/h, and 80 N, respectively. The contact resistance presented a fluctuation without obvious regularity, concentrating in the region of 25 and 50 mf~. Temperature rise of the contact point experienced a fast increase at the first several minutes and finally reached a steady state. The surface damage of carbon trips in microstructure analysis revealed a complicated interaction of the sliding friction, joule heating, and arc erosion.

Review of pantograph and catenary interaction

The application of electrified railway directly promotes relevant studies on pantograph-catenary interac- tion. With the increase of train running speed, the operating conditions for pantograph and catenary have become increasingly complex. This paper reviews the related achievements contributed by groups and institutions around the world. This article specifically focuses on three aspects： The dynamic characteristics of the panto- graph and catenary components, the systems＇ dynamic properties, and the environmental influences on the pantograph-catenary interaction. In accordance with the existing studies, future research may prioritize the task of identifying the mechanism of contact force variation. This kind of study can be carried out by simplifying the pantograph-catenary interaction into a moving load problem and utilizing the theory of matching mechanical impedance. In addition, developing a computational platform that accommodates environmental interferences and multi-field coupling effects is necessary in order to further explore applications based on fundamental studies.

Fatigue life evaluation on key components of high-speed railway catenary system

The fatigue load spectrum and operation life evaluation of key components in the catenary system under the high speed train running condition were investigated.Firstly,based on the catenary model and pantograph model,the couple dynamic equations of pantograph–catenary were built with the Lagrange’s method;then the dynamic contact force was obtained by the Newmark method at the train speeds of 250,280 and 300 km/h,respectively.Secondly,the finite element model(FEM)of one anchor section’s catenary was built to analyze its transient response under the contact force as train running;then the loading time history of messenger wire base,steady arm,registration tube,oblique cantilever,and straight cantilever were extracted.Finally,the key components’fatigue spectrum was carried out by the rain-flow counting method,and operation life was estimated in consideration of such coefficients,such as stress concentration,shape and dimension,surface treatment.The results show that the fatigue life of the catenary system reduces with the increasing of train speed;specifically,the evaluated fatigue life of the steady arm is shorter than other components.

Dynamic performance of a pantograph-catenary system with the consideration of the appearance characteristics of contact surfaces

In this paper,a modeling method for a pantograph-catenary system is put forward to investigate the dynamic contact behavior in space,taking into consideration of the appearance characteristics of the contact surfaces of the pantograph and catenary.The dynamic performance of the pantograph-catenary system,including contact forces,accelerations,and the corresponding spectra,is analyzed.Furthermore,with the modeling method,the influences of contact wire irregularity and the vibration caused by the front pantograph on the rear pantograph for a pantograph-catenary system with double pantographs are investigated.The results show that the appearance characteristics of the contact surfaces play an important role in the dynamic contact behavior.The appearance characteristics should be considered to reasonably evaluate the dynamic performance of the pantograph-catenary system.

Pantograph-catenary are test apparatus for high-speed railway

With the continuous increase of train speed,undulations of catenary and vibrations of the pantograph head result in generating pantograph- catenary arc frequently,intensifying the abrasion between pantograph strip and catenary wire,which has seriously influenced the current collection and safety of electric multi units(EMU). It is necessary to study the pantographcatenary arc in immediately. Some researchers develop a few pantograph- catenary arc testing equipment,which couldn’t really reflect the operating condition of pantograph-catenary system. In this paper,the pantograph-catenary arc test apparatus was developed,which simulated the flexible and straight contact of pantograph strip and catenary wire,based on the coupling relationship between pantograph and catenary. The equipment was used to research the electrical parameters of the pantograph-catenary arc and the dynamic contact resistance.

弓网滑动电接触多目标条件下最优压力载荷决策研究

在电气化铁路的弓网系统滑动电接触中,受压力载荷影响的载流效率、载流相对稳定系数、磨损率、接触电阻是反映弓网摩擦和受流效果的重要参数。利用实验数据,通过蛇算法优化极限学习机得到四个参数的预测模型,以此为基础建立最优压力载荷目标函数;针对压力载荷寻优问题提出一种参考点生成方式对非支配排序遗传算法—Ⅲ进行改进,并对压力载荷进行寻优得到均匀广泛的pareto前沿解集;采用CRITIC法计算pareto前沿解集的客观权重,考虑机车运行速度的影响引入自适应因子,得到自适应权重,最终通过虚拟最劣解TOPSIS法决策确定最优压力载荷,为弓网压力载荷的主动控制提供理论基础。

环境温度对地铁刚性接触网弹性与弓网受流质量影响研究

近年来全国地铁大面积发生弓网异常磨耗事件,特别是冬季异常磨耗已然成为常态,2022年全国有30余条地铁线路出现此现象,经济损失达数亿元。为了研究环境温度对弓网关系的影响,文章首先建立了某地铁线路刚性接触网有限元模型,计算得到环境温度-20~20℃下接触网刚度曲线,并分析了环境温度对接触网刚度影响规律;然后,构建地铁变刚度弓网耦合动力学模型,依据EN 50119等标准验证了其准确性,并计算了环境温度(-20~20℃)、列车运行速度(40~90 km/h)、受电弓静抬升力(70~160 N)、定位线夹卡滞工况下的弓网接触力,着重分析了环境温度对弓网接触力、弓网受流质量的影响规律。结果表明:环境温度与弓网接触力、受流质量具有强正相关性,当环境温度低于0℃时,弓网受流指标将严重恶化;线夹卡滞会对弓网接触力、受流质量带来恶劣影响,而且行车速度越高影响越大。

环境风下高铁双弓-网系统动态受流特性研究

为了研究环境风对高速铁路双弓-网系统动态受流性能的影响,首先,以位于我国西部大风区的兰新高铁为研究对象,基于模态分析法建立双弓-网耦合系统模型;其次,运用空气动力学理论推导作用于接触网线索上的环境风载荷;然后,考虑横风向空气阻尼的影响,探究空气阻尼作用下双弓受流特性;最后,采用4阶自回归(autoregression,简称AR)模型建立接触网沿线脉动风场,着重分析风速和风攻角对双弓受流的影响。结果表明:横风向空气阻尼对双弓受流产生的影响较小;脉动风下风速越大则风向越趋于垂向,双弓受流性能更易恶化;后弓受流性能相较前弓对风速和风攻角的变化更加敏感。双弓-网系统风振响应分析可为优化风环境下弓网受流质量和接触网防风参数设计提供参考。

地铁受电弓动态包络线分析及应用

[目的]地铁供电系统中,接触网的安全运行高度依赖于合理的受电弓动态包络线设计。然而,当前行业内尚未就受电弓动态包络线的确定方法和参数达成统一标准,因此,深入研究受电弓在不同速度等级下的参数确定问题显得尤为重要。[方法]分析了现有规范中关于动态包络线的定义,并指出了这些定义在地铁领域应用时存在的不明确性。通过对欧洲和德国标准中受电弓摆动量的数学模型进行深入分析,并结合地铁接触网设计的实际参数,提出了一种估算地铁受电弓在不同运行条件下最大横向摆动量的方法。[结果及结论]我国地铁受电弓动态包络线标准的缺失对接触网的设计安全性、施工及检修等环节均产生了重要影响。鉴于此,期望在“十四五”期间,通过行业协会、车辆制造商、设计单位和施工单位等多方面的协同努力,结合标准地铁列车的开发工作,能够制定出统一且准确的受电弓动态包络线标准,以推动轨道交通行业的高质量发展。

刚性架空接触网弓网动态检测探讨

刚性架空接触网设备安装精度要求高,且基本设置在环境相对复杂的隧道内。为确保设备良好工作状态,本文通过对刚性架空接触网检测依据、项目进行分析,对实际检测数据进行对比,提出了有效的刚性架空接触网检测方法,为后期隧道内刚性架空接触网相关设计提供参考。

基于空间域尺度自适应小波能量的接触网不规则识别

针对高速铁路受电弓−接触网系统中出现的接触网垂向和横向结构不规则问题,在研究接触网不规则对受电弓振动响应影响的基础上,提出一种基于弓头加速度的空间域尺度自适应小波能量识别接触网结构不规则的方法,并开展仿真和现场实测验证。首先,建立受电弓刚柔耦合动力学模型,对不同接触位置下的弓头振动响应进行分析,并建立弓网刚柔耦合动力学模型获取弓头加速度信号,根据标准和实验结果验证模型的准确性;其次,利用连续小波变换对信号时频分析并进行空间域转换,基于空间域中的能量分布特征自适应提取表征接触网不规则的尺度参数;最后,提取尺度参数下的平均小波能量作为特征分量进行融合,实现接触网不规则识别。研究结果表明:本文所提方法能够有效地从弓头振动信号中同时检测出接触网垂向幅值大于0.5 mm的不平顺以及横向定位器偏离故障。

复杂工况下受电弓升弓碰撞特性

[目的]为研究多制式混合动力牵引模式下,列车频繁升降受电弓所引起的动力学问题,分析受电弓的碰撞特性。[方法]以弓网系统为研究对象,搭建弓网碰撞试验台,通过试验研究受电弓升弓碰撞过程中的动力学特性,建立对应的动力学模型;通过试验数据验证了所提模型的有效性,并分析了垂向碰撞接触力的变化规律。[结果及结论]在弓网碰撞时,碰撞速度与接触线拉出值对弓网垂向接触力最大值、标准差及动态系数均有较大的影响。随着碰撞速度的增大,垂向接触力的标准差与最大值均随之增大,动态系数先减小后增大,当碰撞速度为0.5 m/s时,动态系数存在最小值。随着拉出值的增大,垂向碰撞接触力标准差有所减小。当碰撞速度较低时,垂向碰撞接触力最大值随着碰撞速度的增大而减小;反之,则垂向碰撞接触力最大值先减小后增大,并在拉出值为200 mm附近存在最小值。在任意速度工况下,动态系数均表现为无拉出值时最大,400 mm拉出值附近最小。

弓网系统燃弧检测技术及评价方法研究概述

受电弓-接触网系统是电气化铁路的重要组成部分,也是电气化列车获取电能的唯一途径。弓网燃弧作为弓网系统受流质量评价的重要指标,有着检测便捷、评估直观的优势,由此衍生出多种燃弧检测方法。针对当前的不同燃弧检测方法,将其归纳为直接检测与间接检测2类。直接检测主要指基于电流、电压等电气参数的燃弧直接测量,间接检测主要包含基于声学、光学和电磁辐射等特性的远距离测量。针对以上的不同检测方法,详细论述了其应用场景、检测基本原理及相应的评判方法。在此基础上,综合分析了不同检测方法的优劣,并结合燃弧检测的相关标准,讨论了标准中有待改进和完善的地方以及燃弧检测后续研究的主要方向与发展趋势。

基于GBDT算法的弓网动态匹配特性预测模型

高速铁路通过弓网系统的滑动电接触获取电能驱动列车运行,弓网动态匹配特性是保障良好滑动电接触的基础。首先,建立了弓网动态匹配的有限元分析模型,并通过与文献结果对比验证了模型的正确性。采用拉丁超立方抽样方法,对接触网的关键结构参数和运行速度参数进行样本抽样,获得输入参数集;然后,利用有限元模型对输入参数集开展大量计算分析并进行结果的特征提取,获得弓网动态匹配关键特征参量的输出结果,结合输入和输出结果,构成了样本数据集;最后,采用梯度提升决策树(gradient lifting decision tree, GBDT)算法对数据集进行学习训练和验证测试,建立弓网动态匹配特性预测模型,并将其与基于决策树、随机森林、极端随机树和极端梯度提升树算法的4个模型进行对比分析。结果表明,基于GBDT算法的模型预测精度更高、稳定性更好,在测试集上的R~2达到了0.929,能够准确快速地评估弓网匹配特性。通过对GBDT模型进行参数重要性分析可知,运行速度对弓网匹配特性的影响程度最大,达61%,其次是接触线的张力、承力索张力和档距。该研究初步探索了采用机器学习方法建立预测模型来替代有限元模型的可能性,所建立的模型可用于弓网动态匹配特性的快速预测与评价。

刚性接触网弓网磨耗机理及应对策略

[目的]刚性接触网具有净空要求低、设备零件少等优点,但也存在着弓网磨耗速度较快、跟随性较差等缺点。在上海轨道交通线网中,架空刚性接触网线路占比逐年提升,受电弓碳滑板及接触线异常磨损情况也有上升趋势。因此需分析刚性接触网弓网磨耗机理,并采取相应的应对策略。[方法]以上海轨道交通刚性接触网线路为例,分析了刚性接触网弓网磨耗机理,并提出了应对策略。[结果及结论]通过改良刚性接触网拉出值布置形式能够改善碳棒局部异常磨损。拉出值范围内的滑动摩擦距离占比平均,可有效改善受电弓碳板局部磨损严重情况。在实际工程中,汇流排跨距应根据线路条件不同进行设置,最大不建议超过10 m。当跨中挠度过大时,应适当增加定位点,以缩短跨距。可通过适当降低列车牵引电流来控制部分锚段接触线磨耗速度过快的情况。

典型气候环境对弓网动态耦合特性的影响研究

研究目的:针对复杂的气候环境对电气化铁路受电弓-接触网系统的影响展开讨论,重点围绕环境温度、横风和覆冰条件三个方面对弓网系统动态耦合性能影响的研究现状和进展进行阐述,并针对目前的研究,展望了关于复杂气候条件下弓网关系在后续应该重点关注的研究方向和发展趋势。研究结论:(1)结合弓网受流过程的动力学特性,丰富环境与电弧温度场的传递特性,加深横风、覆冰条件下接触网振动特性研究;(2)建立多物理场耦合的弓网模型与仿真,充分考虑温度、机械系统、流体和电流等多场耦合效应;(3)改进现有的检测手段与检测算法,及时预测和识别环境因素对弓网系统造成的故障;(4)开发抑制横风引起接触网舞动的装置,研究接触网防冰和除冰技术,减小横风、覆冰对弓网动态受流性能的影响;(5)本研究成果可为弓网关系研究方向提供参考。

基于实测弓网接触力的高速铁路接触线疲劳寿命研究

针对传统仿真计算方法得到的弓网接触力不能用于准确分析实际运营时复杂环境因素影响下的接触线疲劳寿命问题,在接触线受力分析基础上,借助高速综合检测车并基于弓网等效质量模型,通过采集的弓网垂向接触力、补偿加速度和气动抬升力得到弓网接触力实测数据,再采用雨流计数法对其进行压缩、提取峰谷值、循环计数等处理;在此基础上,结合接触线材料特性得到接触线疲劳寿命及单弓运行下上下行接触线的安全运行年限,对比分析单弓运行、双弓运行及检修前后弓网接触力对接触线疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明:线路各锚段内接触线疲劳寿命差异较大,通常定位点或吊弦处等质量负荷集中处的接触线疲劳寿命较低;单弓运行下接触线最小安全运行年限为13.05 a,双弓运行为10.03 a,小于单弓运行;接触网检修后,单弓运行下最小安全运行年限提升为17.78 a,整体运行安全年限在17.78~28.38 a之间。

城市轨道交通车体垂向振动对弓网受流性能的影响

[目的]既有对接触网系统动力学仿真的研究大多基于受电弓底座仅有纵向自由度的假设,忽略了轮轨激励引起的车体垂向振动对弓网受流性能的影响,需要将车辆-受电弓-接触网(以下简称“车-弓-网”)作为一个整体予以研究。[方法]分别建立了刚性接触网、柔性接触网两种接触网类型下的弓网耦合动力学模型及车-弓-网多体动力学模型。在案例线路上进行了弓网动态受流试验,对所建的刚性接触网车-弓-网多体动力学模型的计算结果进行了可行性验证。基于列车运行速度为80 km/h、90 km/h、100 km/h、110 km/h及120 km/h五种速度工况,选取了其中两种速度工况对刚性接触网受电弓绝缘子底座处的垂向动态响应进行了分析,并在五种速度工况下分别对两种接触网类型下弓网模型、车-弓-网模型的各动态响应参数进行了对比分析。[结果及结论]所建车-弓-网多体动力学模型的模拟计算结果是合理的。车体振动会对弓网受流性能产生一定影响:柔性接触网下车体垂向振动对弓网受流性能影响很小,可不予考虑;刚性接触网下,与未考虑车体垂向振动的弓网模型相比,考虑了车体垂向振动的车-弓-网模型计算得到的弓网接触压力统计最小值、弓头最大抬升位移均随列车运行速度的增加而增加,弓网接触压力统计最小值变化率的最大值为24.7%,弓头最大抬升位移变化率的最大值为4.2%。