Screening and Evaluation of Different Purple Sweet Potato Varieties Specially Used for Processing

Objective] This study almed to screen high-quality and high-yield purpIe sweet potato varieties special y used for processing which were suitabIe for pIanting in Liancheng County. [Method] By using a randomized bIock design, with ‘Longyan 7-3’ as a controI, five purpIe sweet potato varieties were introduced in the autumn of 2012 for comparaton test to evaluate agronomic tralts, economic characters, nu-tritional quality, and processing quantity of dried sweet potato products and fried chips. [Result] ‘Weixiang No.1’ exhibited the highest yield of 41.9 t/hm2, which was improved by 25.8% compared with ‘Longyan 7-3’; fresh tuber yield of ‘Jishu No. 18’ reached 31.6 t/hm2, which was simiIar to that of ‘Longyan 7-3’; dried sweet potato products of ‘Jishu No.18’ and ‘Weixiang No.1’ not onIy had simiIar process stabiIity, taste and coIor to ‘Longyan 7-3’, but also exhibited exceI ent morphoIogy, coIor, transparency, taste and texture, which indicated that these two purpIe sweet potato varieties were suitabIe for processing dried sweet potato products; fried sweet potato chips of ‘Jishu No.18’ and ‘Weixiang No.1’ had moderate oiI content, high expansion degree and simiIar quality to ‘Longyan 7-3’, which indicated that these two purpIe sweet potato varieties were suitabIe for processing fried sweet potato chips; ‘Fushu No.9’, ‘Quanzi No.1’ and ‘Ninzi No.1’ exhibited beautifuI shape, high nutritional quality and good eating quality, which were suitabIe for fresh eating or processing sweet potato powder. [Conclusion] This study provided a scientific ba-sis for Iarge-scale popuIarization and appIication of new purpIe sweet potato vari-eties special y used for processing.

Pollution-free Production Technology of Linshu Sweet Potato

This paper elaborated the quality characteristics,nutritional value and specific production area of Linshu sweet potato.Besides,it summarized the pollution-free production technology of Linshu sweet potato from the aspects of origin selection,variety selection,production management,harvest and storage,so as to guide the normalization and standardization of production technology,improve production and quality,and further enhance the brand awareness of Linshu sweet potato in both the national and international markets.

Comparative Study on the Different Extraction Processes of Dietary Fiber from Sweet Potato

[Objective] To compare the extraction results of several different methods. [Method] The dietary fiber was extracted from sweet potato respectively by the sieve method, the enzymatic process and enzyme-alkali method. The extraction results of the three methods were optimized and compared. [Result] The extraction rate of dietary fiber by enzymatic method was the highest, which could reach 38% of total potato residue. The properties of dietary fiber extracted by the three methods were compared, the results indicated that the dietary fiber extracted by enzymatic method had good water-holding capacity, soil absorption and expansion. [Conclusion] The enzymatic method is the best for extracting dietary fiber from sweet potato.

Effect of tuber sections and processing conditions on the physicochemical properties of sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas L.(Lam))flour

Objective:The study was conducted to ascertain the effect of tuber sections,heat treatment,and rehydration with process chemicals of varying concentrations on the physicochemical properties of sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas L.(Lam))flour.Materials and Methods:The flour samples were generated as raw,boiled,and steamed from the head,middle,and tail sections of the tuber.These were compared with their whole tuber counterpart.The magnitude and extent of the factorial influence were measured using the effects on swelling index(SI),water absorption capacity(WAC),oil absorption capacity,total soluble solids(TSS),blue value index(BVI),gelling point temperature(GPT),boiling point temperature(BPT),and pH.Results:The results obtained showed that the proximate composition from the tuber sections and the whole did not differ significantly(P<0.05).The tuber processing method(TPM)and tuber processing duration(TPD)effected significant differences(P<0.05)in all the test parameter except for pH respectively.Conclusion:From the investigation,it was observed that the test variables have significant effects on the physicochemical properties of the sweet potato flour.

基于正交试验法的甘薯馅制备工艺参数优化的研究

本文以甘薯(新疆产西瓜红)为原料制作甘薯馅,开展单因素试验研究蒸制时间、炒制时间、糖添加量、炒制温度等工艺参数对甘薯馅感观品质的影响,并开展正交试验选出甘薯馅的最佳制作工艺参数。结果表明,甘薯馅的最佳工艺参数为蒸制时间20min、炒制时间9min、糖添加量25%、炒制温度120℃。

干燥工艺对红薯叶冠突散囊菌发酵茶品质的影响

为探讨干燥工艺对红薯叶冠突散囊菌发酵茶品质的影响,探寻红薯叶冠突散囊菌发酵茶最适干燥工艺。采用不同温度(60、70、80℃)热风干燥(hot air drying, HAD)、60℃热泵干燥(heat pump drying, HPD)、真空冷冻干燥(vacuum freeze drying, FD)5种不同的干燥工艺对红薯叶冠突散囊菌发酵茶进行脱水处理,并对干茶样品进行感官评价同时检测分析了干茶中的主要成分及风味物质。结果表明,在HAD中,随着干燥温度的升高,茶叶总酚、总黄酮含量下降,可溶糖含量升高,单宁含量没有变化;HAD 80℃干茶中,引发茶汤涩味的酚类物质和黄酮含量低,茶汤色及香气感官评分高,香气组分最多且综合品质最好;HAD 60℃干茶总酚、总黄酮和苦味氨基酸含量均高,苦涩味较重;FD干茶外形评价最好且单宁含量最低,但其总酚和总黄酮最高,且青草香气重,这与其挥发性物质中愈创木酚含量高有关,使其感官评分较低。所有干茶样品的香气成分中,1-辛烯-3-醇、愈创木酚和β-紫罗兰酮的OAV值均高于100,是红薯叶冠突散囊菌发酵茶干茶中的关键香气成分。该研究为红薯叶冠突散囊菌发酵茶风味的形成及加工工艺优化提供了指导。

松针红薯糯米酒发酵工艺优化及抗氧化活性分析

目的:改善传统红薯糯米酒的风味和功效,优化松针红薯糯米酒的发酵工艺,并对其理化指标和抗氧化活性进行评价。方法:在传统红薯米酒发酵基础上,采用单因素实验和响应面试验对发酵条件进行优化。考察了松针添加量、初始糖度、发酵时间、酵母添加量、料液比和发酵温度等因素对发酵过程的影响,对最优发酵工艺下所得松针红薯糯米酒的理化指标进行评价,并通过1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基(DPPH)和2,2'-联氨-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)阳离子自由基清除实验评估其抗氧化活性。结果:优化后的发酵条件为松针添加量3.3%,初始糖度22.5°Bx,发酵时间7 d,酵母添加量0.20%,料液比1:3(g/mL),发酵温度30℃。在此条件下,松针红薯糯米酒的总糖含量为12.5 g/L,酒精含量为17.6%,氨基酸态氮含量为0.58 g/L。产品呈淡黄透明色泽,具有特有的松针草本香气,且满足理化及微生物安全标准。抗氧化能力方面,松针红薯糯米酒对DPPH自由基和ABTS+自由基的清除率分别高达87.2%和90.3%,显著优于传统红薯糯米酒(P<0.05)。结论:本研究确定的优化发酵工艺,不仅提升了松针红薯糯米酒的风味,还显著增强了其抗氧化性能。该工艺对促进传统红薯糯米酒的创新和升级具有实际应用价值,为植物性辅料在酒类产品中的应用提供了新的思路。

甘薯生全粉添加量对馒头制作工艺及品质的影响

以甘薯-小麦混粉为原料,探究甘薯生全粉馒头制作配方工艺以及甘薯生全粉添加量对馒头基本成分和物化特性的影响。结果表明,甘薯馒头制作配方最优工艺为甘薯生全粉添加量30%、加水量55%、α-淀粉酶添加量0.02%、普鲁兰酶添加量0.75%,此时甘薯生全粉馒头感官评分最高为84.9。随着甘薯生全粉添加量增加,甘薯馒头淀粉和总膳食纤维含量逐渐增大,蛋白质含量逐渐减小,可溶性糖呈不规律变化趋势且变化幅度较小。随着甘薯生全粉添加量增加,甘薯馒头色度WH值、比容逐渐减小,硬度和胶黏性逐渐增加,黏性、回复性、黏聚性和弹性逐渐减小。随着甘薯生全粉添加量增加,冻藏后复蒸馒头比容逐渐减小,硬度逐渐增大;在相同添加量的情况下,随着冻藏时间的延长,比容呈逐渐减小的变化趋势,硬度呈逐渐增大的变化趋势。综上所述,适当添加甘薯生全粉可制作出品质较好的馒头。

魔芋凉粉的配方及工艺优化

选用红薯淀粉和魔芋粉为主要原料,以感官评分及质构参数为实验指标,通过单因素试验考察红薯淀粉添加量、魔芋粉添加量、加热温度、加热时间对产品感官及质构的影响,并选择正交试验来优化魔芋凉粉的配方及工艺.结果表明,产品的最佳配方为(以产品质量计):红薯淀粉16 g/100g、魔芋粉0.5 g/100g、纯净水83.5 mL;最佳工艺条件为:加热温度为100℃、加热时间为11 min.该条件下制备的凉粉产品质地细腻,表明光滑,弹性好,不粘牙,质构特性较好,综合评分为87.4分.

苹果幼果-红薯复合果粮醋发酵工艺优化及品质分析

文章以苹果幼果与红薯为原料,采用单因素试验与响应面试验确定苹果幼果-红薯复合果粮醋醋酸发酵的最佳工艺;在此基础上,比较分析发酵前(苹果幼果-红薯复合果粮汁)、发酵后(苹果幼果-红薯复合果粮醋)以及市售苹果醋的抗氧化能力;采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法(HS-SPME-GC-MS)检测发酵前(苹果幼果-红薯复合果粮汁)、发酵后(苹果幼果-红薯复合果粮醋)以及市售苹果醋的挥发性风味物质。结果表明,醋酸发酵的最佳工艺为醋酸菌接种量10%、初始酒精度7%、发酵温度31℃。与苹果幼果-红薯复合果粮汁、市售苹果醋相比,苹果幼果-红薯复合果粮醋具有较强的抗氧化能力,挥发性风味物质更丰富,酸类、酯类物质的种类和含量显著更高。该研究可为苹果幼果-红薯复合果粮醋的开发提供数据支撑。

紫色马铃薯糕加工工艺参数优化

以低筋面粉和紫色马铃薯为主要原料制作紫色马铃薯糕,采用单因素和正交试验优化紫色马铃薯糕的最佳加工工艺参数,并以感官评分为指标,对该工艺参数下制作的紫色马铃薯糕进行客观评价。结果表明,制作紫色马铃薯糕的最佳工艺参数为紫色马铃薯与低筋面粉总重200 g,其比例35∶65,绵白糖添加量35 g,酵母粉添加量1.5 g,蒸制时间20 min。该工艺条件下制作的紫色马铃薯糕色泽艳丽且均匀,呈天然紫色,松软有弹性,外形完整饱满,口感细腻,富含花青素,具有较高的营养价值,适合婴幼儿及中老年人食用,极大丰富了糕点类食物的市场多样性,具有较高的推广价值。

紫薯粉条加工工艺及品质研究

为满足消费者对营养健康食品的需求,研制一种具有紫薯风味且不含添加剂的营养粉条。以紫薯全粉和甘薯淀粉为原料,感官评分为评价指标,探究紫薯全粉添加量、糊化时间、煮制时间和干燥温度对粉条品质的影响,通过单因素试验和响应面法优化紫薯粉条的加工工艺。结果表明,紫薯粉条的最佳工艺条件为紫薯全粉添加量12%、糊化时间60 s、煮制时间120 s、干燥温度65℃。该工艺制作的紫薯粉条口感筋道、韧性十足、不易断条、耐煮性好、具有紫薯独特的风味,水分含量14.15 g/100 g、灰分含量0.70 g/100 g、淀粉含量79.2 g/100 g、多糖含量2.3 mg/100 g、黄酮含量17 mg/100 g、花青素含量7.0 mg/100 g、断条率10%、膨润度287%、烹饪损失9.33%、糊汤度中的透光率83.6。

紫薯全粉加工工艺及其在面制品中的应用研究进展

紫薯富含花青素等营养成分,具有良好的营养性和生理活性。紫薯全粉是以新鲜紫薯为原料加工生产的一种脱水紫薯产品,最大限度保留了紫薯营养成分及风味,复水后可以良好呈现紫薯原有的香味和色泽。该文对紫薯全粉的加工工艺进行了综述,同时对紫薯全粉在面包、蛋糕、面条、馒头等面制品中的应用进行了综述,并对今后紫薯全粉的开发进行了展望。

甘薯膳食纤维的加工应用研究进展

我国是甘薯加工大国,每年会产生大量的甘薯渣,大多被丢弃或少量用作饲料加工,造成资源极大浪费,且生产环保压力较大。甘薯膳食纤维是甘薯渣中重要的组分,对其进行加工应用,可提升甘薯经济价值,实现产业转型升级。综述国内外关于甘薯膳食纤维在饲料加工、食品加工及医药保健产品加工中的应用现状,并对其未来发展方向进行分析展望,为推动产业发展有一定的参考作用。

甘薯淀粉加工废水处理技术的现状与进展

甘薯淀粉加工废水中富含蛋白质、多糖、脂肪及无机盐等多种物质,有机物浓度高、pH值低、处理难度大是甘薯淀粉及其制品规模聚集效益发展的瓶颈所在。通过介绍甘薯淀粉加工废水来源及其水质特点,并详细阐述处理甘薯淀粉加工废水常见的生物技术、物理化学技术、资源回收技术及组合技术的研究应用现状。总结如何低耗高效地处理甘薯淀粉加工废水,以期为促进甘薯淀粉及其制品行业的长足发展提供切实可行的理论依据。

响应面法优化山药红薯粉条加工工艺及品质研究

研究了山药红薯粉条的加工工艺,并对其品质进行分析。在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法对山药粉添加量、海藻酸钠添加量、糊化时间、糊化温度4个因素进行优化,得到山药红薯营养粉条的最佳工艺参数:山药粉添加量12%、海藻酸钠添加量0.6%、糊化时间102 s、糊化温度80℃。该工艺制作的粉条口感劲道、韧性十足、不易断条、耐煮性好且不含明矾,为进一步丰富粉条产品提供了理论依据。

紫薯香芋果冻的研制

以优质的紫薯和香芋为主要原料,经调配、混合熬煮、过滤、杀菌等工艺流程,研制出一种具有浓郁紫薯味和香芋味的果冻。以感官评价为评分标准,分析紫薯汁与香芋汁的配比,白砂糖、柠檬酸及复配胶的添加量对果冻品质的影响。通过正交试验确定紫薯香芋果冻的最佳配方。结果表明,影响果冻感官品质因素的主次顺序为柠檬酸添加量、紫薯汁与香芋汁的配比、白砂糖添加量、复配胶添加量,并且紫薯香芋果冻的最优配方为紫薯汁与香芋汁的配比1∶1,白砂糖9%,柠檬酸0.2%,复配胶1.5%。经此配方制出的果冻色泽均匀一致、口感爽滑、酸甜可口、细腻柔软,感官评分为86.6分,pH值为4.04,可溶性固形物含量为15.28%。

不同品种紫甘薯全粉挤压膨化圈品质特性研究

本实验以6种紫甘薯全粉为原料,采用双螺杆挤压膨化机制备紫甘薯膨化圈,测定基本组分、膨化、糊化及质构等指标,评价挤压膨化对紫甘薯膨化圈品质的影响,以期预测不同品种紫甘薯全粉原料挤压膨化加工适用性。结果表明:挤压膨化后淀粉含量和花色苷含量均显著降低,可溶性糖含量显著增加;与紫甘薯全粉相比,膨化圈的水溶性指数和吸水性指数均显著增加,其中徐紫薯8号、徐紫薯13号和徐薯D6-24增幅倍数最高;不同品种紫甘薯膨化圈的径向膨化率差异显著,徐紫薯8号、徐紫薯13号、徐薯D6-24具有更高的径向膨化率;徐紫薯13号和徐薯D6-24的糊化度、冷糊稳定性和抗老化性较好,表明其具有更高的熟化度和更优质的口感;徐紫薯8号、徐紫薯13号、徐薯D6-24具有较小的硬度和咀嚼度,黏度适中。综合评价,挤压膨化能明显改善紫甘薯的加工性能和食用特性,其中徐紫薯13号、徐紫薯8号、徐薯D6-24膨化圈品质最佳。

天然紫甘薯色素染制玫瑰永生花工艺的优化

为解决永生花化学染制的污染、不安全的问题,优化天然植物染永生花染色工艺,提升染色效果,以新鲜玫瑰花为试材,天然紫甘薯色素为染料,采用单因子试验及响应面法进行紫甘薯色素染制玫瑰永生花实验,通过测定天然紫甘薯色素的物质成分及染色前后玫瑰永生花的颜色特征值和外观性状观测评估,优化玫瑰永生花的染制工艺。结果显示:紫甘薯色素直染制玫瑰永生花的最佳工艺为pH值5、染料浓度2.0%、染制温度20℃、染制时间6 h;媒染固色最佳工艺为用3%硫酸铜同媒染制3 h。在此条件下,玫瑰永生花上染效率最高,花朵外观形状较好,具有较好的观赏价值。

紫薯粉对米粉食用品质和理化特性的影响

该研究制备了不同紫薯粉添加量对米粉食用品质和理化特性的影响。结果表明,相较于0%添加量(以早籼米质量计,下同),5%~25%添加量(质量分数,下同)紫薯米粉的花色苷、总酚含量分别增加了61.79%~223.58%、38.64%~89.77%,血糖生成指数值降低至61.89。随紫薯粉添加量的增加,紫薯米粉的糊化起始温度(To)、峰值温度(Tp)、终止温度(Tc)逐渐升高,而热焓值(ΔH)逐渐降低。当添加量由0%增加至15%时,米粉的蒸煮损失率、断条率分别由13.49%、24.77%下降至9.65%、18.65%,食用品质逐步提升;当添加量继续增加至25%时,米粉的蒸煮损失率、断条率分别达到12.71%、27.71%,米粉品质下降。综上所述,添加量为15%时,紫薯米粉色泽均匀,色彩艳丽,食用品质及理化特性最佳。