In view of the fact that large scale vortices play the substantial role of momentum transport in turbulent flows, large eddy simulation （LES） is considered as a better simulation model. However, the sub-grid scale ...In view of the fact that large scale vortices play the substantial role of momentum transport in turbulent flows, large eddy simulation （LES） is considered as a better simulation model. However, the sub-grid scale （SGS） models reported so far have not ascertained under what flow conditions the LES can lapse into the direct nu-merical simulation. To overcome this discrepancy, this paper develops a swirling strength based the SGS model to properly model the turbulence intermittency, with the primary characteristics that when the local swirling strength is zero, the local sub-grid viscosity will be vanished. In this paper, the model is used to investigate the flow characteris-tics of zero-incident incompressible turbulent flows around a single square cylinder （SC） at a low Reynolds number range Re ∈ [103, 104]. The flow characteristics investigated include the Reynolds number dependence of lift and drag coefficients, the distributions of time-spanwise averaged variables such as the sub-grid viscosity and the logarithm of Kolmogorov micro-scale to the base of 10 at Re=2 500 and 104, the contours of spanwise and streamwise vorticity components at t = 170. It is revealed that the peak value of sub-grid viscosity ratio and its root mean square （RMS） values grow with the Reynolds number. The dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy is larger near the SC solid walls. The instantaneous factor of swirling strength intermittency （FSI） exhibits some laminated structure involved with vortex shedding.展开更多
针对铝电解槽内熔体旋转流动的特点,提出使用涡量和旋转强度来对其涡结构进行定量解析,并以某300kA槽电解质流场为研究对象,使用CFX12软件平台进行数值模拟。结果表明:极间水平截面和阳极间缝垂直截面的旋转强度最大值分别为1.611和1.96...针对铝电解槽内熔体旋转流动的特点,提出使用涡量和旋转强度来对其涡结构进行定量解析,并以某300kA槽电解质流场为研究对象,使用CFX12软件平台进行数值模拟。结果表明:极间水平截面和阳极间缝垂直截面的旋转强度最大值分别为1.611和1.961 s 1,其绝对涡量最大值分别为4.002和3.391 s 1;阳极气泡的搅动使阳极周围电解质中成对出现反向对称小涡;而电磁力的不均匀性导致部分阳极底部出现不对称大涡;阳极中缝和间缝相交位置的绝对涡量超过4 s 1,在该位置布置下料点有利于氧化铝的分散。故运用涡分析法能得到更为丰富和精确的流场信息,为槽结构的设计提供理论指导。展开更多
桥墩绕流冲刷是水流、泥沙和桥墩三者相互作用的结果,桥墩周围复杂的水沙运动关系是造成桥梁水毁的重要原因。定量分析桥墩冲刷地形特征规律及其与水流之间的相互作用关系,是深入研究桥墩绕流水沙作用机理及实际工程应用的重要突破口。...桥墩绕流冲刷是水流、泥沙和桥墩三者相互作用的结果,桥墩周围复杂的水沙运动关系是造成桥梁水毁的重要原因。定量分析桥墩冲刷地形特征规律及其与水流之间的相互作用关系,是深入研究桥墩绕流水沙作用机理及实际工程应用的重要突破口。本文开展2种坡降条件下、不同倾角均匀沙动床桥墩绕流冲刷试验,并沿下游方向设置4个模型倾角(0°、5°、10°、15°)。使用粒子图像测速系统(particle image velocimetry,PIV)测量桥墩绕流2维流场,并基于运动摄像恢复结构技术(structure from motion,SFM)实现冲刷地形3维重构,在此基础上分析床面冲刷3维地形结构和绕流流场特征,以构建紊流结构与冲刷地形相互耦合作用关系。结果表明:1)SFM方法可实现冲刷地形3维结构重构,冲刷试验平衡时,模型前方和两侧冲刷坑较深,后方冲刷坑出现凸起,沿水流方向倾斜顺延上升至床面。2)冲刷坑尺寸、面积和体积均随水流强度增大而增大,随倾角增大而减小;不同截面处冲刷坑面积、体积随坑深呈开口向上抛物线趋势增大。3)桥墩模型对后方流向流速扰动范围随倾角增大而减小,对展向流速影响范围随倾角增大而增大。4)随模型倾角增加,旋转强度与剪切应力影响范围均减小;剪切应力下切较易形成桥墩周围较深冲刷坑,而位于桥墩两侧大尺度流向涡向下游延伸,将促使桥墩后侧方浅长凹槽形成。展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11372303)
文摘In view of the fact that large scale vortices play the substantial role of momentum transport in turbulent flows, large eddy simulation （LES） is considered as a better simulation model. However, the sub-grid scale （SGS） models reported so far have not ascertained under what flow conditions the LES can lapse into the direct nu-merical simulation. To overcome this discrepancy, this paper develops a swirling strength based the SGS model to properly model the turbulence intermittency, with the primary characteristics that when the local swirling strength is zero, the local sub-grid viscosity will be vanished. In this paper, the model is used to investigate the flow characteris-tics of zero-incident incompressible turbulent flows around a single square cylinder （SC） at a low Reynolds number range Re ∈ [103, 104]. The flow characteristics investigated include the Reynolds number dependence of lift and drag coefficients, the distributions of time-spanwise averaged variables such as the sub-grid viscosity and the logarithm of Kolmogorov micro-scale to the base of 10 at Re=2 500 and 104, the contours of spanwise and streamwise vorticity components at t = 170. It is revealed that the peak value of sub-grid viscosity ratio and its root mean square （RMS） values grow with the Reynolds number. The dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy is larger near the SC solid walls. The instantaneous factor of swirling strength intermittency （FSI） exhibits some laminated structure involved with vortex shedding.
文摘针对铝电解槽内熔体旋转流动的特点,提出使用涡量和旋转强度来对其涡结构进行定量解析,并以某300kA槽电解质流场为研究对象,使用CFX12软件平台进行数值模拟。结果表明:极间水平截面和阳极间缝垂直截面的旋转强度最大值分别为1.611和1.961 s 1,其绝对涡量最大值分别为4.002和3.391 s 1;阳极气泡的搅动使阳极周围电解质中成对出现反向对称小涡;而电磁力的不均匀性导致部分阳极底部出现不对称大涡;阳极中缝和间缝相交位置的绝对涡量超过4 s 1,在该位置布置下料点有利于氧化铝的分散。故运用涡分析法能得到更为丰富和精确的流场信息,为槽结构的设计提供理论指导。
文摘桥墩绕流冲刷是水流、泥沙和桥墩三者相互作用的结果,桥墩周围复杂的水沙运动关系是造成桥梁水毁的重要原因。定量分析桥墩冲刷地形特征规律及其与水流之间的相互作用关系,是深入研究桥墩绕流水沙作用机理及实际工程应用的重要突破口。本文开展2种坡降条件下、不同倾角均匀沙动床桥墩绕流冲刷试验,并沿下游方向设置4个模型倾角(0°、5°、10°、15°)。使用粒子图像测速系统(particle image velocimetry,PIV)测量桥墩绕流2维流场,并基于运动摄像恢复结构技术(structure from motion,SFM)实现冲刷地形3维重构,在此基础上分析床面冲刷3维地形结构和绕流流场特征,以构建紊流结构与冲刷地形相互耦合作用关系。结果表明:1)SFM方法可实现冲刷地形3维结构重构,冲刷试验平衡时,模型前方和两侧冲刷坑较深,后方冲刷坑出现凸起,沿水流方向倾斜顺延上升至床面。2)冲刷坑尺寸、面积和体积均随水流强度增大而增大,随倾角增大而减小;不同截面处冲刷坑面积、体积随坑深呈开口向上抛物线趋势增大。3)桥墩模型对后方流向流速扰动范围随倾角增大而减小,对展向流速影响范围随倾角增大而增大。4)随模型倾角增加,旋转强度与剪切应力影响范围均减小;剪切应力下切较易形成桥墩周围较深冲刷坑,而位于桥墩两侧大尺度流向涡向下游延伸,将促使桥墩后侧方浅长凹槽形成。
