Swiss-roll型微燃烧器的燃烧数值模拟

建立了Swiss-roll型微燃烧器的燃烧模型,采用FLUENT软件对微燃烧器中甲烷/空气的燃烧特性进行了数值模拟,研究了甲烷/氧气的当量比为1时流速不同对微燃烧器内燃烧的影响。计算结果表明,Swiss-roll型微燃烧器有利于甲烷在微燃烧室内的充分燃烧。

甲烷/空气在微小型Swiss-roll燃烧器内燃烧的实验研究

为了解微小型Swiss-roll燃烧室的工作特点,进行了甲烷/空气预混气的燃烧实验,获得了燃烧器的可燃极限,研究了回热对燃烧器可燃极限的影响。结果表明,当甲烷流量在0.8-2.7mg/s之间时,所设计的微燃烧器能够实现CH4/空气的稳定燃烧,并确保火焰位于燃烧器的中心。存在回热时,燃烧器的富氧极限减小,从没有回热时的0.7减小到0.5。但是可燃极限并不关于ER=1对称,富燃极限大,而富氧极限小。同时,对微燃烧器进行了数值模拟,结果表明,燃烧器中心的回流区使燃烧器能够在较大的可燃极限范围内稳定工作。

空气槽对微型Swiss-Roll燃烧器工作特性的影响

为了解空气槽对平板微型Swiss-roll燃烧器工作特性的影响,采用甲烷-空气预混气,在带有空气槽和没有空气槽的平板Swiss-roll燃烧器中进行燃烧实验,得到了不同甲烷流量时两种燃烧器的熄火极限和壁面温度.结果表明:甲烷-空气预混火焰能够稳定在两种燃烧器的中心;空气槽的存在有助于扩展微燃烧器的可燃极限,使燃烧器在更大的空气过量系数和更小的甲烷流量下工作;有空气槽的燃烧器中心壁面与边缘壁面存在较大的温度梯度,而没有空气槽的燃烧器外壁温度相差不大,更适合作为平面热源.

微小Swiss-roll燃烧器的数值模拟

为了解微小Swiss-roll燃烧室的工作特点,对二维Swiss-roll燃烧器进行数值模拟,采用了CH4/空气的多步反应机理,考虑了燃气对室壁的辐射,研究当量比和入口气流速度对燃烧特性和火焰稳定性的影响.研究结果表明,Swiss-roll燃烧器能够在大的当量比范围内稳定工作.但上下极限并不对称,富燃时的极限比较小,比化学当量比略小,而富氧的极限比较大.对于相同的当量比,流速较小时,甲烷/空气火焰停留在燃烧器中心区的入口,甲烷全部参加反应;随着气体流速的增加,在燃烧器的中心形成回流区,扩大了燃烧器的富氧可燃极限,有助于火焰稳定,但是甲烷的转化率在减小.

Swiss-Roll燃烧器传热特性的试验研究

Swiss-roll燃烧器能大大拓展燃烧极限,燃烧各种低热值气体燃料.对Swiss-roll燃烧器的传热特性进行了试验研究,并建立了热平衡模型,进行数值求解.结果表明,Swiss-roll燃烧器的逆流换热结构能有效提升反应区温度;热平衡模型能较好地预测反应区温度,计算值与实验数据之间的相对误差小于5%;随着进口流速的增大,反应区温度降低,逆流通道的传热系数增加,热再循环系数减小,在高流速时进口流速对温度的影响程度降低;随着燃烧器功率增加,反应区温度升高,燃烧器热再循环系数略有提高,在小功率时功率对反应温度的影响更加显著.

内置多孔介质Swiss-roll燃烧器的启动和贫燃特性

在常规尺度Swiss-roll燃烧器的中心区填充多孔介质,并对其进行实验研究.通过监测燃烧器的温度和燃烧产物的变化,分析了燃烧器在不同条件下的点火启动过程特性,并得到了燃烧器的贫燃极限.结果表明:相比于在入口处点火,在中心区点火启动时达到充分燃烧的时间更短,多孔介质的温度分布更均匀;多孔介质材料性质和预混气流量对启动特性影响很大;在中心区温度为950～1200K时,可处理1.3%的天然气/空气预混气.说明该燃烧器能显著拓展燃料的贫燃极限,对低热值气体具有良好的适用性.

Swiss-roll燃烧器传热特性的模拟和试验研究

建立了用于处理煤矿通风瓦斯的Swiss-roll燃烧器的二维湍流热平衡模型,求解模型方程得到了换热通道的温度分布,分析了进口流速、通道尺寸、燃烧室直径对传热特性的影响,并通过试验验证模型的合理性.结果表明,在甲烷体积分数为1%时,反应区温度达1 346K;通道宽度对反应区温度的影响最大而进口流速的影响最小;改变进口流速和换热通道尺寸能改善燃烧器的部分性能同时又会不利于另一些性能,在燃烧器的设计中,应根据实际情况,综合考虑温度、流阻、成本等因素来选择合适的参数.

Solution of idle LBO problem for high FAR aero combustor

The paper sheds light on the idle lean blow off(LBO)problem for high fuel air ratio(FAR)com⁃bustor,which is impossible to be addressed with traditional aero combustor design.A significant improvement in aero combustor design is required to resolve the idle LBO issue.The authors detailed a practical and efficient solu⁃tion,which not only solved the idle LBO issue but also defined the aero-thermal design for high-FAR combustor.The design will usher in a new era of aero combustor.

PIV MEASUREMENT FOR SWIRLER FLOW FIELD IN GAS TURBINE COMBUSTOR

The characteristics of swirler flow field, including cold flow field and combustion flow field, in gas tur- bine combustor with two-stage swirler are studied by using particle image velocimetry （PIV）. Velocity compo- nents, fluctuation velocity, Reynolds stress and recirculation zone length are obtained, respectively. Influences of geometric parameter of primary hole, arrangement of primary hole, inlet air temperature, first-stage swirler an- gle and fuel/air ratio on flow field are investigated, respectively. The experimental results reveal that the primary recirculation zone lengths of combustion flow field are shorter than those of cold flow field, and the primary reeir- culation zone lengths decrease with the increase of inlet air temperature and fuel/air ratio. The change of the geo- metric parameter of primary hole casts an important influence on the swirler flow field in two-stage swirler com- bustor.

Experimental Investigation of Hydrocarbon-fuel Ignition in Scramjet Combustor

The direct-connected supersonic combustor experiment is finished for kerosene fuel ignition in H_2/O_2 preheated impulse facility. The entrance parameter of combustor corresponds to scramjet flight Mach number 3.5. Kerosene ignition is realized by using hydrogen as pilot flame. Wall pressure distributions of combustion are measured and flame photographs of ultraviolet ray are got. Experiment indicates that it is very difficult for kerosene fuel to realize self-ignition at low entrance temperature (below 900K) in supersonic combustor. Hydrogen pilot flame is one of the efficient methods for realizing kerosene ignition.

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scrarnjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combustor performances. In addition, an irmer-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.

Studies of a combined way of flame stability in ramjet combustor

numerical simulation was conducted to study the influence of bleeding. The Euler-Lagrange method was used to investigate the two-phase turbulent combustion flow. Standard k-ε turbulent model was adopted in the continuous phase simulation and particle-trajectory model was adopted in the dispersed phase simulation. The results demonstrates: air bleeding can improve the flow field after the strut and the stability of trapped vortex in the cavity; change of bleeding temperature has little effect on the total pressure recovery coefficient and significant effect on combustion efficiency; When fuel-air ratio changes, the combustor performs better in a lean oil state.

OPTIMIZATION OF A PULSE COMBUSTOR FOR A DISPERSE DRYING SYSTEM

The paper summarises the development and optimisation of a valveless pulse combus-tor designed as a heating source for drying in disperse systems. The basic research dealt with changing of the pulse combustor geometry, e. g. the volume of a combustion chamber and tail pipe length to obtain smooth trajectory of pressure oscillations and low emission of toxic substances. The pulse combustion mechanism and existing designs of pulse combustors applied in drying have been presented and analysed. Examples of specific applications of this technique are delivered.

Influence of propagation direction on operation performance of rotating detonation combustor with turbine guide vane

Due to the pressure gain combustion characteristics,the rotating detonation combustor(RDC)can enhance thermodynamic cycle efficiency.Therefore,the performance of gas-turbine engine can be further improved with this combustion technology.In the present study,the RDC operation performance with a turbine guide vane(TGV)is experimentally investigated.Hydrogen and air are used as propellants while hydrogen and air mass flow rate are about 16.1 g/s and 500 g/s and the equivalence ratio is about 1.0.A pre-detonator is used to ignite the mixture.High-frequency dynamic pressure transducers and silicon pressure sensors are employed to measure pressure oscillations and static pressure in the combustion chamber.The experimental results show that the steady propagation of rotating detonation wave(RDW)is observed in the combustion chamber and the mean propagation velocity is above 1650 m/s,reaching over 84%of theoretical Chapman-Jouguet detonation velocity.Clockwise and counterclockwise propagation directions of RDW are obtained.For clockwise propagation direction,the static pressure is about 15%higher in the combustor compared with counterclockwise propagation direction,but the RDW dominant frequency is lower.When the oblique shock wave propagates across the TGV,the pressure oscillations reduces significantly.In addition,as the detonation products flow through the TGV,the static pressure drops up to 32%and 43%for clockwise and counterclockwise propagation process respectively.

THREE—DIMENSIONAL GAS TURBINE COMBUSTOR PERFORMANCE MODELING

Numerical analysis of three-dimensional(3-D)two-phase reacting flowfield in an annular combustor wity the dump diffuser is developed in arbitrary curvilinear coordi-nates.Combustor performances are estimated by the em-pirical-analytical desing method.Ths influence of three inlet velocity profiles of the prediffuser and two operating conditions on combustor preformance and flow character-istic is predicted.

NUMERICAL MODELING OF 3-D TURBULENT TWO-PHASE FLOW AND COAL COMBUSTION IN A PULVERIZED-COAL COMBUSTOR

In the present paper, a multifluid model of two-phase flows with pulverized-coal combustion, based on a continuum-trajectory model with reacting particle phase, is developed and employed to simulate the 3-D turbulent two-phase hows and combustion in a new type of pulverized-coal combustor with one primary-air jet placed along the wall of the combustor. The results show that: (1) this continuum-trajectory model with reacting particle phase can be used in practical engineering to qualitatively predict the flame stability, concentrations of gas species, possibilities of slag formation and soot deposition, etc.; (2) large recirculation zones can be created in the combustor, which is favorable to the ignition and flame stabilization.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON SWIRLING AND RECIRCULATING TWO-PHASE FLOW FIELD IN A COLD MODEL OF DUAL-INLET SUDDEN-EXPANSION COMBUSTOR

The axial and tangential velocities of gas and particle phases and particle concentration for turbulent swirling and recirculating gas-particle (simulating gas-droplet) flows in a cold model of a dual-inlet sudden-expansion combustor with partially tangential central tubes, proposed by the present authors, were measured by using a 2-D LDV system and a laser optic fiber system combined with a sampling probe. The results show that there are both gas and particle strongly reverse flows and swirling flows in the head part of the combustor. The velocity slip between gas and particle phases is remarkable. The particle concentration is higher near the wall and lower near the axis. There are two peaks in the concentration profiles near the inlet tubes. The above-obtained flow characteristics are favorable to ignition, flame stabilization and combustion. The results can also be used to validate the numerical modeling.

Numerical study of convective heat transfer of a supersonic combustor with varied inlet flow conditions

Characteristics of convective heat transfer of a supersonic model combustor with variable inlet flow conditions were studied by numerical simulation in this paper.The three-dimensional flow and wall heat flux at different air inlet Mach numbers of 2.2,2.8 and 3.2 were studied numerically with Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with a shear-stress transport(SST)k-ωturbulence model and a three-step reaction model.Meanwhile,ethylene was chosen as the fuel,and the fixed fuel-to-air equivalence ratio is 0.8 in all cases in this paper.The results of the simulations indicate that wall heat flux distribution of the combustor is very non-uniform with several peaks of wall heat flux at varied locations.For the low inlet Mach number of 2.2,a shock train structure is formed in the isolator,and three peaks of wall heat flux are located respectively on the backward face of the cavity,on the side wall near the fuel injection and on the bottom wall near the injection holes,and a maximum wall heat flux reaches 5.4 MW/m2.For the medium inlet Mach number of 2.8,there exists a much shorter shock structure with three peaks of wall heat flux similar to that of Mach number 2.2.However,as the inlet Mach number increased to 3.2,there is no shock structure upstream of fuel injections,and the combustor flow is in a supersonic mode with different locations and values of wall heat flux peaks.The statistical results of wall heat loading show that the change of total wall heat is not monotonic with the increase of inlet Mach number,and the maximum appears in the case of Mach number being 2.8.Meanwhile,for all the cases,the bottom wall takes up more than 50%of the total heat loading.

Numerical investigations on effects of bluff body in flat plate micro thermo photovoltaic combustor with sudden expansion

In order to reveal combustion characteristics of H_2/air mixture in a micro-combustor with and without bluff body, the effects of inlet velocities, equivalence ratios and bluff body's blockage ratios on the temperature field, pressure of the combustor wall, combustion efficiency and blow-off limit were investigated. The numerical results indicate that the sudden expansion plate micro combustor with bluff body could enhance the turbulent disturbance of the mixed gas in the combustion chamber and the combustion condition is improved. Moreover, a low-speed and high temperature recirculation region was formed between the sudden expansion step and the bluff body so that the high and uniform wall temperature(>1000 K) could be gotten. As a result, it could strengthen the mixing process, prolong the residence time of gas, control the flame position effectively and widen the operation range by the synergistic effect of the bluff body and steps. When the blockage ratio ranged from 0.3 to 0.6, it could be found that the bluff body could play a stabilizing effect and expand combustion blow burning limit, and combustion efficiency firstly was increased with the inlet velocity and equivalence ratio, and then was decreased.

Improved Robust Adaptive Control of a Fluidized Bed Combustor for Sewage Sludge

This paper presents a robust model reference adaptive control scheme to deal with un-certain time delay in the dynamical model of a ?uidized bed combustor for sewage sludge. Thetheoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed scheme can guarantee not onlystability and robustness, but also the adaptive decoupling performance of the system.