Strictly non-blocking 4×4 silicon electro–optic switch matrix

The first path-independent insertion-loss（PILOSS） strictly non-blocking 4×4 silicon electro–optic switch matrix is reported. The footprint of this switch matrix is only 4.6 mm×1.0 mm. Using single-arm modulation, the crosstalk measured in this test is-13 dB --27 dB. And a maximum crosstalk deterioration of 6d B caused by two-path interference is also found.

Design and Fabrication of Thermo-Optic 4×4 Switching Matrix in Silicon-on-Insulator

A rearrangeable nonblocking thermo-optic 4×4 switching matrix,which consists of five 2×2 multimode interference-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer(MMI-MZI) switch elements,is designed and fabricated.The minimum and maximum excess loss for the matrix are 6.6 and 10.4dB,respectively.The crosstalk in the matrix is measured to be between -12 and -19.8dB.The switching speed of the matrix is less than 30μs.The power consumption for the single switch element is about 330mW.

Research progresses of SOI optical waveguide devices and integrated optical switch matrix

SOI (silicon-on-insulator) is a new material with a lot of important perform- ances such as large index difference, low transmission loss. Fabrication processes for SOI based optoelectronic devices are compatible with conventional IC processes. Having the potential of OEIC monolithic integration, SOI based optoelectronic devices have shown many good characteristics and become more and more attractive recently. In this paper, the recent progresses of SOI waveguide devices in our research group are presented. By highly effective numerical simulation, the single mode conditions for SOI rib waveguides with rectangular and trapezoidal cross-section were accurately investigated. Using both chemical anisotropic wet etching and plasma dry etching techniques, SOI single mode rib waveguide, MMI coupler, VOA (variable optical attenuator), 2×2 thermal-optical switch were successfully designed and fabricated. Based on these, 4×4 and 8×8 SOI optical waveguide integrated switch matrixes are demonstrated for the first time.

A 4×2 switch matrix in QFN24 package for 0.5–3 GHz application

This paper presents a 4×2 switching matrix implemented in the Win 0.5 μm Ga As pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor process, it covers the 0.5–3 GHz frequency range. The switch matrix is composed of 4 SPDT switch whose two output ports can simultaneously select the input port and a 4 to 8 bit digital decoder,both the radio frequency（RF） part and the digital part are integrated into one single chip. The chip is packaged in a low cost QFN24 plastic package. On chip shunt, capacitors at the input ports are taken to compensate for the bonding wire inductance effect. The designed switch matrix shows a good measured performance： the insertion loss is less than 5.5 dB, the isolation is no worse than 30 dB, the return loss of input ports and output ports is better than –10 dB, the input 1 dB compression point is better than 25.6 dBm, and the OIP3 is better than 37 dBm. The chip size of the switch matrix is only 1.45×1.45 mm^2.

Global stabilization of linear periodically time-varying switched systems via matrix inequalities

In this paper, we address the stabilization problem for linear periodically time-varying switched systems. Using discretization technique, we derive new conditions for the global stabilizability in terms of the solution of matrix inequalities. An algorithm for finding stabilizing controller and switching strategy is presented.

N×N Clos Digital Cross-Connect Switch Using Quantum Dot Cellular Automata(QCA)

Quantum dot cellular automata(QCA)technology is emerging as a future technology which designs the digital circuits at quantum levels.The tech-nology has gained popularity in terms of designing digital circuits,which occupy very less area and less power dissipation in comparison to the present comple-mentary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)technology.For designing the rou-ters at quantum levels with non-blocking capabilities various multi-stage networks have been proposed.This manuscript presents the design of the N×NClos switch matrix as a multistage interconnecting network using quantum-dot cellular automata technology.The design of the Clos switch matrix presented in the article uses three input majority gates(MG).To design the 4×4 Clos switch matrix,a basic 2×2 switch architecture has been proposed as a basic mod-ule.The 2×2 switching matrix(SM)design presented in the manuscript utilizes three input majority gates.Also,the 2×2 SM has been proposed usingfive input majority gates.Two different approaches(1&2)have been presented for designing 2×2 SM usingfive input majority gates.The 2×2 SM design based on three input majority gate utilizes four zone clocking scheme to allow signal transmis-sion.Although,the clocking scheme used in 2×2 SM using three input MG and in 2×2 SM approach 1 usingfive input MG is conventional.The 2×2 SM approach 2 design,utilizes the clocking scheme in which clocks can be applied by electricfield generators easily and in turn the switch element becomes physically realizable.The simulation results conclude that the 2×2 SM is suitable for designing a 4×4 Clos network.A higher order of input-output switching matrix,supporting more number of users can utilize the proposed designs.

面向不同训练内容的训练环境快速切换方法

训练环境中,传统的人工部署和配置切换方式效率低且易出错,不利于用户在不同训练对象和训练模式下对训练的灵活组织与应用。为满足当前训练需求,提出了一种面向不同训练内容的训练环境快速切换方法。首先,阐述了该方法的主要原理;然后,描述了训练科目编排优化、基于应用集群和容器调度的系统快速构建以及轻量级客户端集成3种关键技术;最后,给出了应用实例。应用实例表明,该方法实现了训练内容快速切换和训练资源动态重组,提升了训练效能。

能量有效的RIS辅助多用户MISO系统资源分配

可重构智能表面(Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface,RIS)通过改变电磁传播环境来提高无线通信的覆盖范围和容量。然而,RIS技术部署和维护大量的RIS反射元件也会产生大量的能量消耗。基于此,在满足用户的最低速率、基站的最大发射功率以及RIS相位角的单位模数等约束下,研究RIS辅助的多用户多输入单输出(Multiple Input Single Output,MISO)系统中资源优化问题,实现能量效率最大化。具体地,分析多用户下信干噪比(Signal to Interference Noise Ratio,SINR)、系统总功耗与RIS的相位矩阵和开关矩阵的关系;建立以基站的波束赋形、RIS的相位角及开关矩阵为变量的最大化能量效率优化问题;针对优化问题的求解,提出基站端使用最大比发送预编码,使用户接收的SINR最大,并提出一种改进型的粒子群优化(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)算法,通过优化RIS的开关矩阵以最小化系统总功耗;进一步设计了相位矩阵、功率和开关矩阵进行交替迭代优化的方案。仿真结果表明,改进型算法得到的最优性能结果比较稳定,特别是在加入开关的系统中,经过优化开关矩阵后获得的系统能量效率相比不带开关的系统提升了约20%,证实了所提方案对系统能量效率提升的有效性。

多策略融合的蛇优化算法及其应用

针对蛇算法寻优阶段交互性差,初始种群随机程度严重,易陷入局部最优解等问题,提出了一种多策略融合的蛇优化算法(multi-strategy snake optimizer, MSSO)。首先,利用正交矩阵对蛇种群进行初始化,使个体分布更加均匀;其次,设计探索开发阶段切换的自适应方程,用以替换原有的食物量与温度阈值,使算法进行自适应阶段切换;最后,使用联合反向选择策略替换算法原有的新个体孵化方法,提高算法收敛精度的同时加快算法收敛效率。选取10个基准测试函数从不同角度对MSSO算法进行实验,测试算法性能,分析各策略的有效性,并使用Wilcoxon秩和检验来证明算法显著性,通过两个工程应用仿真实验来验证MSSO的实用性。各实验结果表明MSSO较比较算法综合表现更优,证明MSSO算法改进在寻优能力、鲁棒性、实用性等方面均有所提升。

微波开关自动测试系统设计

针对当前微波开关指标测试流程复杂、测试方法自动化程度低问题,提出了一套集指标测试、数据采集和数据管理功能于一体的自动化测试系统;该系统基于微波开关生产及试验环节的实际使用需求,通过软件平台实现对通用测量仪器及遥控遥测设备、射频开关矩阵等设备的自动化控制,单次可满足最多16个微波开关的同步测试,可实现同轴型和波导型两类开关的S参数、切换时间、门限电压、接触电阻、跑荷等总计18种指标参数的测试和试验数据管理,达到了测试效率和试验质量的双提升。

一种用于体域网接收机的多路缓冲器设计

设计了一种基于0.35μm CMOS工艺的多通道缓冲器电路,该电路可用于多路接收机中的输出级,以改善输出级的驱动能力。为了应对多路接收机输出端多路缓冲器的设计需求,电路以多个缓冲器为核心,结合多级寄存器、开关阵列,使芯片具备可编程功能。该电路利用多级寄存器每一级的控制信号,实现了在传输过程中通道、缓冲器的切换,控制信号可以采用串行、并行两种传输方式写入。电路的测试结果表明,芯片具备串行、并行两种指令写入方式的功能,缓冲器的-3 dB带宽达到36 MHz,压摆率达到330 V/μs。

基于矢量网络分析仪的多通道测试系统的设计与实现

为解决多通道装备的测试问题,本文介绍了一种多通道测试系统的设计方法,通过采用矢量网络分析仪及开关矩阵组合,利用软件控制测试系统并设计误差模型,快速完成了多通道装备的参数测试,提高了测试精度及测试效率。

一种基于Clos网络的新型4×4全交换开关矩阵

文中首次将Clos网络结构应用于4×4全交换开关矩阵中,采用多芯片模组技术将低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC)和双刀双掷芯片进行集成化设计。新设计克服了传统单刀四掷方案接口数量多、布线复杂的缺点,以更为简捷的拓扑形式实现了全交换功能。该设计结合LTCC多层堆叠工艺和具体芯片接口,给出了切实可行的叠层结构和互连方案,并以此研制出一款驻波优良、通道一致性好、隔离度高的C频段4×4开关矩阵。文中设计实现方法简单、可靠,适用于其他形式或更高频率的开关矩阵设计。

基于FPGA的BGA产品自动测试系统

射频复合基板和标准射频BGA的集成方式在新一代射频电路集成设计中得到了广泛的应用。为应对BGA产品量大、种类多导致的测试难和效率低问题,研究了一套通用型的自动化测试系统,基于FPGA实现了对产品的供电、状态以及测试夹具中开关矩阵、直流电机的控制,使测试效率和稳定性大幅提升。

矩阵语言框架模型下中文教师语码转换研究

文章以矩阵语言框架模型为理论基础,探讨了中文教师在以中文为矩阵语言、英语为嵌入语的教学中,汉—英语码转换的词类特点和语法规则。研究发现:中文教师在课堂进行语码转换时以名词、动词、形容词等实词为主要转码对象,借助英语解释帮助学生理解词汇;中文教师在进行语码转换时基本遵循矩阵语言即汉语的语法规则;综合课语码转换频率高于语法课,新课的语码转换频率高于复习课;教学法越多样,学生年龄越低的课堂,语码转换越多。相关结论对中文教学具有一定启示作用。

无线电能传输零电压开关角跟踪和动态电容补偿矩阵复合控制策略

为了保证动态无线电能传输(DWPT)系统工作于较高的电能传输效率和传输功率,减小由于系统参数变化导致的传输功率和传输效率的下降。该文提出一种零电压开关角(ZVSA)跟踪和动态电容补偿矩阵(DCCM)相结合的无线电能传输系统频率跟踪控制策略。采用电流传感器来获取谐振电流的相位,并利用处理器产生的参考信号来测量谐振电流的相位。微控制根据频率漂移的程度计算补偿电容的大小,粗略地将自然谐振频率调至85 kHz,然后系统自动跟踪谐振电流相位,对谐振频率精确跟踪。该方法通过直接对相位检测电路输出的直流信号进行采样,轻松地获取高频电流的相位,大大降低了对微控制器的占用。该文提出的控制策略和系统结构结合了模拟电路和数字控制的优点,不仅对系统参数变化有高动态响应,而且极大地节省了处理器资源。

基于混合式调制的矩阵变换器谐波抑制方法

矩阵变换器在通过输入电压高频调制合成输出电压过程中不可避免地会出现高频谐波,该谐波不仅影响输出侧性能,也会通过矩阵变换器双向开关的切换降低输入侧性能。针对上述问题,提出一种混合式调制方法用以改善矩阵变换器输出侧性能。首先,详细分析了抑制幅值最大相频繁开通调制方法的工作原理及在抑制输出侧高频谐波方面的不足;其次,提出通过对输入输出扇区的判断,在不同扇区内分别采用减少开关管切换次数和避免幅值最大相频繁切换的混合式调制方法,分析并推导该调制方法下的开关序列分布规律及作用时间表达式;最后,搭建样机进行试验验证,试验结果表明利用所提混合式调制方法来进一步抑制输出侧高频谐波是可行且有效的。

State Feedback Sliding Mode Control without Chattering by Constructing Hurwitz Matrix for AUV Movement

This paper presents a new method to eliminate the chattering of state feedback sliding mode control （SMC） law for the mobile control of an autonomous underwater vehicle （AUV） which is nonlinear and suffers from unknown disturbances system. SMC is a well-known nonlinear system control algorithm for its anti-disturbances capability, while the chattering on switch surface is one stiff question. To dissipate the well-known chattering of SMC, the switching manifold is proposed by presetting a Hurwitz matrix which is deducted from the state feedback matrix. Meanwhile, the best switching surface is achieved by use of eigenvalues of the Hurwitz matrix. The state feedback control parameters are not only applied to control the states of AUV but also connected with coefficients of switching surface. The convergence of the proposed control law is verified by Lyapunov function and the robust character is validated by the Matlab platform of one AUV model.

Exponential stabilization of networked control systems and design of switching controller

This paper deals with the problem of switching between an open-loop estimator and a close-loop estimator for compensating transmission error and packet dropout of networked control systems. Switching impulse is considered in order to reduce the error between theory and application, a sufficient condition for exponential stabilization of networked control systems under a given switching rule is presented by multiple Lyapunov-like functions. These results are presented for both continuous-time and discrete-time domains. Controllers are designed by means of linear matrix inequalities. Sim- ulation results show the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method.

Observer-based robust H-infinity control for uncertain switched systems

The problem of observer-based robust H-infinity control is addressed for a class of linear discrete-time switched systems with time-varying norm-bounded uncertainties by using switched Lyapunov function method. None of the individual subsystems is assumed to be robustly H-infinity solvable. A novel switched Lypunov function matrix with diagonal-block form is devised to overcome the difficulties in designing switching laws. For robust H-infinity stability analysis, two linear-matrix-inequality-based sufficient conditions are derived by only using the smallest region function strategy if some parameters are preselected. Then, the robust H-infinity control synthesis is studied using a switching state feedback and an observer-based switching dynamical output feedback. All the switching laws are simultaneously constructively designed. Finally, a simulation example is given to illustrate the validity of the results.