With the progress of the semiconductor industry,the resistive random-access memory(RAM) has drawn increasing attention.The discovery of the memristor has brought much attention to this study.Research has focused on ...With the progress of the semiconductor industry,the resistive random-access memory(RAM) has drawn increasing attention.The discovery of the memristor has brought much attention to this study.Research has focused on the resistive switching characteristics of different materials and the analysis of resistive switching mechanisms.We discuss the resistive switching mechanisms of different materials in this paper and analyze the differences of those mechanisms from the view point of circuitry to establish their respective circuit models.Finally,simulations are presented.We give the prospect of using different materials in resistive RAM on account of their resistive switching mechanisms,which are applied to explain their resistive switchings.展开更多
The success of the Internet is largely ascribable to the packet-switching scheme, which, however, also presents major challenges. Having identified three missing links in the current Internet architecture based on our...The success of the Internet is largely ascribable to the packet-switching scheme, which, however, also presents major challenges. Having identified three missing links in the current Internet architecture based on our long-term experiences of designing and operating large-scale backbones, we put forward a new, but incrementally deployable, network schemc address switching. The address switching has both the advantages of packet switching and circuit switching; it supplies the missing links in the current Internet architecture and can reform the Internet traffic. Our analysis, protocol design and ex- periments indicate that the address switching can greatly improve the quality of service (QoS), security and routing scalability of today's Internet. So it can provide flexible, high-performance and "per-service" networking for the scientific research communities. Moreover, it can provide a fairer and more sustainable business model for the commodity Internet.展开更多
Large-scale strictly nonblocking (SNB) and wide-sense nonblocking (WSNB) networks may be infeasible due to their high cost. In contrast, rearrangeable nonblocking (RNB) networks are more scalable because of thei...Large-scale strictly nonblocking (SNB) and wide-sense nonblocking (WSNB) networks may be infeasible due to their high cost. In contrast, rearrangeable nonblocking (RNB) networks are more scalable because of their much lower cost. However, RNB networks are not suitable for circuit switching. In this paper, the concept of virtual nonblockingness is introduced. It is shown that a virtual nonblocking (VNB) network functions like an SNB or WSNB network, but it is constructed with the cost of an RNB network. The results indicate that for large-scale circuit switching applications, it is only needed to build VNB networks.展开更多
In this paper we propose a controllability and observability measure at switch level for CMOS circuits based on the cost analysis approach.The complexity of the algorithm is nearly linear.
Semiconductor ring laser (SRL) has been shown to possess robust bistability between its two possible directions, i.e., clockwise (cw) and counter-clockwise (ccw) lasing, routinely demonstrating directional extin...Semiconductor ring laser (SRL) has been shown to possess robust bistability between its two possible directions, i.e., clockwise (cw) and counter-clockwise (ccw) lasing, routinely demonstrating directional extinction ratio (DER) of 〉 25 dB. In this paper, experimental schemes and results using the SRL as a universal photonic digital element to form all-optical logic, memory, and signal processing circuits are summarized. It is demonstrated that the SRL can be used for both combinatorial and sequential logic functions, and as all-optical regeneration devices. Furthermore, it is shown that a SRL logic circuit can be all-optically reconfigured to perform different all-optical logic functions.展开更多
Different multicasting schemes in optical packet switched networks are discussed, including the parallel mode, serial mode, and hybrid mode multicasting schemes. Simulated modeling technique is applied to compare the ...Different multicasting schemes in optical packet switched networks are discussed, including the parallel mode, serial mode, and hybrid mode multicasting schemes. Simulated modeling technique is applied to compare the network-level performance of the three multicasting schemes. A conclusion can be drawn from the results that since the hybrid-mode multicasting scheme can increase the multicast success ratio and reduce the packet retransmission times compared with the other two schemes, it is the best choice for delivering multicasting sessions in the optical packet switched networks.展开更多
In wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) ethernet passive optical networks (EPONs), to realize the statistical multiplexing of upstream wavelength resources, some optical tunable components are introduced in the ...In wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) ethernet passive optical networks (EPONs), to realize the statistical multiplexing of upstream wavelength resources, some optical tunable components are introduced in the optical network units. However, the switch latency (SL) of these tunable components constrains the performance of WDM-EPON. In this letter, we extend the mathematical model of the WDM interleaved polling with adaptive cycle time (IPACT) scheme by additionally considering the SL conditions. We also investigate the effect of channel SL on network performance. The simulation results show that the performance of WDM-IPACT-SL deteriorates as the SL increases.展开更多
Current generalized multi-protocol label switching (GMPLS) standards do not include adequate models for wavelength-switched optical networks (WSON) in recovery mechanisms. In this letter, GMPLS/path computation el...Current generalized multi-protocol label switching (GMPLS) standards do not include adequate models for wavelength-switched optical networks (WSON) in recovery mechanisms. In this letter, GMPLS/path computation element (PCE) extensions are applied for the restoration of the lightpaths disrupted by collision or optical impairment. A reserved deflection routing scheme is proposed to achieve fast restoration. It uses the expanded PCE component to compute and assign the backup paths for lightpath recovery. Numerical results demonstrate that this scheme is effective and low cost.展开更多
We propose a fault-tolerant tree-based multicast algorithm for 2-dimensional (2-D) meshes based on the concept of the extended safety level which is a vector associated with each node to capture fault information in t...We propose a fault-tolerant tree-based multicast algorithm for 2-dimensional (2-D) meshes based on the concept of the extended safety level which is a vector associated with each node to capture fault information in the neighborhood. In this approach each destination is reached through a minimum number of hops. In order to minimize the total number of traffic steps, three heuristic strategies are proposed. This approach can be easily implemented by pipelined circuit switching (PCS). A simulation study is conducted to measure the total number of traffic steps under different strategies. Our approach is the first attempt to address the fault- tolerant tree-based multicast problem in 2-D meshes based on limited global information with a simple model and succinct information.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60921062)
文摘With the progress of the semiconductor industry,the resistive random-access memory(RAM) has drawn increasing attention.The discovery of the memristor has brought much attention to this study.Research has focused on the resistive switching characteristics of different materials and the analysis of resistive switching mechanisms.We discuss the resistive switching mechanisms of different materials in this paper and analyze the differences of those mechanisms from the view point of circuitry to establish their respective circuit models.Finally,simulations are presented.We give the prospect of using different materials in resistive RAM on account of their resistive switching mechanisms,which are applied to explain their resistive switchings.
基金Supported by the China Next Generation Internet Project (Grant No. CNGI-04-13-2T)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No. 041710001)
文摘The success of the Internet is largely ascribable to the packet-switching scheme, which, however, also presents major challenges. Having identified three missing links in the current Internet architecture based on our long-term experiences of designing and operating large-scale backbones, we put forward a new, but incrementally deployable, network schemc address switching. The address switching has both the advantages of packet switching and circuit switching; it supplies the missing links in the current Internet architecture and can reform the Internet traffic. Our analysis, protocol design and ex- periments indicate that the address switching can greatly improve the quality of service (QoS), security and routing scalability of today's Internet. So it can provide flexible, high-performance and "per-service" networking for the scientific research communities. Moreover, it can provide a fairer and more sustainable business model for the commodity Internet.
文摘Large-scale strictly nonblocking (SNB) and wide-sense nonblocking (WSNB) networks may be infeasible due to their high cost. In contrast, rearrangeable nonblocking (RNB) networks are more scalable because of their much lower cost. However, RNB networks are not suitable for circuit switching. In this paper, the concept of virtual nonblockingness is introduced. It is shown that a virtual nonblocking (VNB) network functions like an SNB or WSNB network, but it is constructed with the cost of an RNB network. The results indicate that for large-scale circuit switching applications, it is only needed to build VNB networks.
文摘In this paper we propose a controllability and observability measure at switch level for CMOS circuits based on the cost analysis approach.The complexity of the algorithm is nearly linear.
文摘Semiconductor ring laser (SRL) has been shown to possess robust bistability between its two possible directions, i.e., clockwise (cw) and counter-clockwise (ccw) lasing, routinely demonstrating directional extinction ratio (DER) of 〉 25 dB. In this paper, experimental schemes and results using the SRL as a universal photonic digital element to form all-optical logic, memory, and signal processing circuits are summarized. It is demonstrated that the SRL can be used for both combinatorial and sequential logic functions, and as all-optical regeneration devices. Furthermore, it is shown that a SRL logic circuit can be all-optically reconfigured to perform different all-optical logic functions.
基金supported by the National "863" Program of China (No.2007AA01Z247)the National"973" Program of China (No.2007CB310705)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.60772024,60711140087)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education from the Ministry of Education of China (No.200800130001)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (No.IRT0609)the International S&T Cooperation Program of China (No.2006DFA11040)
文摘Different multicasting schemes in optical packet switched networks are discussed, including the parallel mode, serial mode, and hybrid mode multicasting schemes. Simulated modeling technique is applied to compare the network-level performance of the three multicasting schemes. A conclusion can be drawn from the results that since the hybrid-mode multicasting scheme can increase the multicast success ratio and reduce the packet retransmission times compared with the other two schemes, it is the best choice for delivering multicasting sessions in the optical packet switched networks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 60972032 and60632010)the National "863" Program of China(Nos. 2006AA01Z251 and 2007AA01Z271)
文摘In wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) ethernet passive optical networks (EPONs), to realize the statistical multiplexing of upstream wavelength resources, some optical tunable components are introduced in the optical network units. However, the switch latency (SL) of these tunable components constrains the performance of WDM-EPON. In this letter, we extend the mathematical model of the WDM interleaved polling with adaptive cycle time (IPACT) scheme by additionally considering the SL conditions. We also investigate the effect of channel SL on network performance. The simulation results show that the performance of WDM-IPACT-SL deteriorates as the SL increases.
基金supported in part by the National"863"Program(No.2007AA01Z252)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.60772024 and 60711140087)+4 种基金the National"973"Program of China (No.2007CB310705)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of MOE (No.200800130001)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team(No.IRT0609)the International S&T Cooperation Program of China(No. 2006DFA11040)the New Century Excellent Talents in University(No.06-0090)
文摘Current generalized multi-protocol label switching (GMPLS) standards do not include adequate models for wavelength-switched optical networks (WSON) in recovery mechanisms. In this letter, GMPLS/path computation element (PCE) extensions are applied for the restoration of the lightpaths disrupted by collision or optical impairment. A reserved deflection routing scheme is proposed to achieve fast restoration. It uses the expanded PCE component to compute and assign the backup paths for lightpath recovery. Numerical results demonstrate that this scheme is effective and low cost.
基金NSF of USA under grant CCR 99O0646 and grant ANI 0073736.
文摘We propose a fault-tolerant tree-based multicast algorithm for 2-dimensional (2-D) meshes based on the concept of the extended safety level which is a vector associated with each node to capture fault information in the neighborhood. In this approach each destination is reached through a minimum number of hops. In order to minimize the total number of traffic steps, three heuristic strategies are proposed. This approach can be easily implemented by pipelined circuit switching (PCS). A simulation study is conducted to measure the total number of traffic steps under different strategies. Our approach is the first attempt to address the fault- tolerant tree-based multicast problem in 2-D meshes based on limited global information with a simple model and succinct information.