Task-based syllabus (TBS) is organized around tasks. The basic theoretical foundation of TBS is Krashen's acquisition theory.from the L2 acquisition theory. The characteristic of TBS is focus of process of learnin...Task-based syllabus (TBS) is organized around tasks. The basic theoretical foundation of TBS is Krashen's acquisition theory.from the L2 acquisition theory. The characteristic of TBS is focus of process of learning. TBS can improve communicative competence of learners, but it ignores grammar learning and teaching. The application of TBS in China is wide and the author provides an example.展开更多
The direct application of linguistic theories to syllabus design gives rise to frequent change of syllabus type in the history of syllabus development, which makes language teachers feel difficult to adapt to, to adop...The direct application of linguistic theories to syllabus design gives rise to frequent change of syllabus type in the history of syllabus development, which makes language teachers feel difficult to adapt to, to adopt and to implement. The recognition and popularization of the new-born discipline educational linguistics servers as a method to ease the situation, especially in the college English syllabus design in China. The development and application of the fruitful achievements in educational linguistics is bound to provide us with a more scientific approach to syllabus design in the future.展开更多
The needs analysis of Aviation Basic English course on ESP teaching is emphasized and the syllabus is designed here to instruct the better pre-job training for the students in the major of aircraft manufacturing techn...The needs analysis of Aviation Basic English course on ESP teaching is emphasized and the syllabus is designed here to instruct the better pre-job training for the students in the major of aircraft manufacturing technology.展开更多
Task-based language teaching is very popular in the modern English teaching.It is based on the Task-based Syllabus. Task-based Syllabus focuses on the learners' communicative competence,which stresses learning by ...Task-based language teaching is very popular in the modern English teaching.It is based on the Task-based Syllabus. Task-based Syllabus focuses on the learners' communicative competence,which stresses learning by doing. From the theoretical assumption and definitions of the task,the paper analysizes the components of the task, then points out the merits and demerits of the syllabus. By this means the paper may give some tips to teachers and students when they use the tsk-based language teaching.展开更多
Task-based teaching syllabus becomes more and more popular in modern English teaching. It is widely used in the English teaching from junior to senior high school and even to collage and university education. This pap...Task-based teaching syllabus becomes more and more popular in modern English teaching. It is widely used in the English teaching from junior to senior high school and even to collage and university education. This paper is mainly studies the relevant research on task-based teaching syllabus and offers some tips on task-based syllabus design.展开更多
The foundation of any teaching program should be the needs of the students.A syllabus can be successful only if it meets the needs of the particular group of students for whom it is intended.However,close needs analys...The foundation of any teaching program should be the needs of the students.A syllabus can be successful only if it meets the needs of the particular group of students for whom it is intended.However,close needs analysis has been absent in some English classes.The present study aimed to solve the problem of the possible mismatch between English learners and teachers especially in the intensive English training class.To identify the English students' needs in an intensive English training class,the questionnaires designed by the researcher were administered to the students.It was found that the English teaching would be based on real communication.Finally,the tentative syllabus was designed for English teaching based on the result of the need analysis.展开更多
Background: The availability of an anesthesiologist is often a limiting factor in the number of operations that can be performed by International Medical Surgical Response Teams (IMSuRT). Because emergency physicians ...Background: The availability of an anesthesiologist is often a limiting factor in the number of operations that can be performed by International Medical Surgical Response Teams (IMSuRT). Because emergency physicians (EPs) possess skills in airway control, management of moderate and deep sedation, and ventilator management, we propose that with proper training in general anesthesia, EPs can serve as anesthetists for IMSuRT with anesthesiologist supervision. Methods: During a 10-week period, a board-certified EP administered general anesthesia to 60 patients prior to a surgical medical mission trip. The breakdown of surgical cases was: 11 orthopedic, 2 genitourinary, 20 ear, nose, and throat, 8 obstetrics and gynecological, 13 general surgery, and 6 vascular. A simplified protocol for induction, maintenance, and emergence was adhered to for all cases. Results: Fourteen orthopedic cases using general anesthesia were performed in a one-week period in Haiti. These cases involved open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), hemiarthoplasty, hardware removal, tendon transfer and external fixation of fractured bone. Conclusion: We demonstrate the feasibility of a model curriculum to train EPs in the basics of anesthesia. The EP can safely and effectively deliver general anesthesia for major cases on surgical medical mission trips under the auspices of an anesthesiologist in an austere environment.展开更多
This article is intended for exploration and critique of some issues of the syllabus for Certificate in English for Business. The issues examined are what ideologies are behind the design, what types of the syllabus a...This article is intended for exploration and critique of some issues of the syllabus for Certificate in English for Business. The issues examined are what ideologies are behind the design, what types of the syllabus are and whether it is likely to develop the communicative competence. In addition, the comparison between the learning outcomes and objectives of the education program is also included. Next, the process-oriented syllabus which is different from the category of the teaching plan is taken into consideration as well. Finally, minor problems on whether the design is likely to meet the learners'needs and motivate the learners, whether it is likely for the teacher to the implement the plan are covered, being discussed briefly.展开更多
Different teaching approaches may apply to different types of syllabus.Before the emergence of communicative approach in language teaching in the 1970s,most of the language teaching approaches at that time have used a...Different teaching approaches may apply to different types of syllabus.Before the emergence of communicative approach in language teaching in the 1970s,most of the language teaching approaches at that time have used a structural syllabus,or "grammatical" syllabus (in Nunan,1988,the two terms are interchangeable).In communicative approach of language teaching,there are several types of syllabuses that stress the importance of communication in language teaching and learning may be applied to it.But which type is the most suitable one for this teaching approach? This is the goal of this article.In this essay the author will try to find out the answer and provide arguments through analysis of and comparison between them.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to(a)examine graduate students to see whether the syllabus of a research course is more important to male or female students and(b)determine whether graduate students who prefer educationa...The purpose of this study is to(a)examine graduate students to see whether the syllabus of a research course is more important to male or female students and(b)determine whether graduate students who prefer educational work settings rate the usefulness of a research course higher than those who prefer non-educational work settings.Data were collected from a survey that was distributed to the subjects.These subjects included 57 graduate students enrolled in four classes of the same research course and all of them responded.The findings indicated that female graduate students considered the syllabus of this research course more important than the male graduate students did(p<0.5).The study also found that there was not a significant difference(p>0.05)between graduate students who prefer to work in the educational settings and those who prefer non-educational work settings rating the usefulness of a research course.展开更多
The purpose of this assignment is to evaluate the course book New Headway intermediate students’book.The teaching context of using this book will be described clearly before discussing the syllabus terms and types wh...The purpose of this assignment is to evaluate the course book New Headway intermediate students’book.The teaching context of using this book will be described clearly before discussing the syllabus terms and types which are related to the course book.In addition,the selection and ordering of elements in this course book will be analyzed,the problems and solutions of using this book in teaching context will also be discussed.展开更多
Aims: This study aims at designing and implementing syllabus-oriented question-bank system that is capable of producing paper-based exams with multiple forms along with answer keys. The developed software tool is nam...Aims: This study aims at designing and implementing syllabus-oriented question-bank system that is capable of producing paper-based exams with multiple forms along with answer keys. The developed software tool is named Χ(Chi)-Pro Milestone and supports four types of questions, namely: Multiple-choice, True/False, Short-Answer and Free-Response Essay questions. The study is motivated by the fact that student number in schools and universities is continuously growing at high, non-linear, and uncontrolled rates. This growth, however, is not accompanied by an equivalent growth of educational resources (mainly: instructors, classrooms, and labs). A direct result of this situation is having relatively large number of students in each classroom. It is observed that providing and using online-examining systems could be intractable and expensive. As an alternative, paper-based exams can be used. One main issue is that manually produced paper-based exams are of low quality because of some human factors such as instability and relatively narrow range of topics [1]. Further, it is observed that instructors usually need to spend a lot of time and energy in composing paper-based exams with multiple forms. Therefore, the use of computers for automatic production of paper-based exams from question banks is becoming more and more important. Methodology: The design and evaluation of X-Pro Milestone are done by considering a basic set of design principles that are based on a list of identified Functional and Non-Functional Requirements. Deriving those requirements is made possible by developing X-Pro Milestone using the Iterative and Incremental model from software engineering domain. Results: We demonstrate that X-Pro Milestone has a number of excellent characteristics compared to the exam-preparation and question banks tools available in market. Some of these characteristics are: ease of use and operation, user-friendly interface and good usability, high security and protection of the question bank-items, high stability, and reliability. Further, X-Pro Milestone makes initiating, maintaining and archiving Question-Banks and produced exams possible. Putting X-Pro Milestone into real use has showed that X-Pro Milestone is easy to be learned and effectively used. We demonstrate that X-Pro Milestone is a cost-effective alternative to online examining systems with more and richer features and with low infrastructure requirements.展开更多
Notional-functional syllabus is considered as the most popular syllabus among all the structure not simply because it is a semantically based syllabus. It takes the"notion"and"function"as the organ...Notional-functional syllabus is considered as the most popular syllabus among all the structure not simply because it is a semantically based syllabus. It takes the"notion"and"function"as the organizing principles. Organizing principles of syllabus design cannot solely depend on grammatical categories; it should take communicative considerations into account as well.Only by examining its pros and cons comprehensively, can we maximize its utility in our language classes.展开更多
We carried out researches on the syllabus design for the specialty of electromechanical equipment maintenance & management in vocational college. Our researches involve the following aspects: (1) The training obje...We carried out researches on the syllabus design for the specialty of electromechanical equipment maintenance & management in vocational college. Our researches involve the following aspects: (1) The training objective of the specialty; (2) the curriculum system; (3) The teaching methodology; and (4) Field training.展开更多
In recent years,task-based learning is becoming increasingly popular forsecond language learners due to its emphasis on learners’communicative competence,compared with traditional PPP model which pays more attention ...In recent years,task-based learning is becoming increasingly popular forsecond language learners due to its emphasis on learners’communicative competence,compared with traditional PPP model which pays more attention on language and grammar.Thus,further exploration on task-based approach is necessary.By discussing the strengths and weaknesses of the syllabus,this paper aims to discover the teaching situations best-suited for this syllabus.展开更多
文摘Task-based syllabus (TBS) is organized around tasks. The basic theoretical foundation of TBS is Krashen's acquisition theory.from the L2 acquisition theory. The characteristic of TBS is focus of process of learning. TBS can improve communicative competence of learners, but it ignores grammar learning and teaching. The application of TBS in China is wide and the author provides an example.
文摘The direct application of linguistic theories to syllabus design gives rise to frequent change of syllabus type in the history of syllabus development, which makes language teachers feel difficult to adapt to, to adopt and to implement. The recognition and popularization of the new-born discipline educational linguistics servers as a method to ease the situation, especially in the college English syllabus design in China. The development and application of the fruitful achievements in educational linguistics is bound to provide us with a more scientific approach to syllabus design in the future.
文摘The needs analysis of Aviation Basic English course on ESP teaching is emphasized and the syllabus is designed here to instruct the better pre-job training for the students in the major of aircraft manufacturing technology.
文摘Task-based language teaching is very popular in the modern English teaching.It is based on the Task-based Syllabus. Task-based Syllabus focuses on the learners' communicative competence,which stresses learning by doing. From the theoretical assumption and definitions of the task,the paper analysizes the components of the task, then points out the merits and demerits of the syllabus. By this means the paper may give some tips to teachers and students when they use the tsk-based language teaching.
文摘Task-based teaching syllabus becomes more and more popular in modern English teaching. It is widely used in the English teaching from junior to senior high school and even to collage and university education. This paper is mainly studies the relevant research on task-based teaching syllabus and offers some tips on task-based syllabus design.
文摘The foundation of any teaching program should be the needs of the students.A syllabus can be successful only if it meets the needs of the particular group of students for whom it is intended.However,close needs analysis has been absent in some English classes.The present study aimed to solve the problem of the possible mismatch between English learners and teachers especially in the intensive English training class.To identify the English students' needs in an intensive English training class,the questionnaires designed by the researcher were administered to the students.It was found that the English teaching would be based on real communication.Finally,the tentative syllabus was designed for English teaching based on the result of the need analysis.
文摘Background: The availability of an anesthesiologist is often a limiting factor in the number of operations that can be performed by International Medical Surgical Response Teams (IMSuRT). Because emergency physicians (EPs) possess skills in airway control, management of moderate and deep sedation, and ventilator management, we propose that with proper training in general anesthesia, EPs can serve as anesthetists for IMSuRT with anesthesiologist supervision. Methods: During a 10-week period, a board-certified EP administered general anesthesia to 60 patients prior to a surgical medical mission trip. The breakdown of surgical cases was: 11 orthopedic, 2 genitourinary, 20 ear, nose, and throat, 8 obstetrics and gynecological, 13 general surgery, and 6 vascular. A simplified protocol for induction, maintenance, and emergence was adhered to for all cases. Results: Fourteen orthopedic cases using general anesthesia were performed in a one-week period in Haiti. These cases involved open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), hemiarthoplasty, hardware removal, tendon transfer and external fixation of fractured bone. Conclusion: We demonstrate the feasibility of a model curriculum to train EPs in the basics of anesthesia. The EP can safely and effectively deliver general anesthesia for major cases on surgical medical mission trips under the auspices of an anesthesiologist in an austere environment.
文摘This article is intended for exploration and critique of some issues of the syllabus for Certificate in English for Business. The issues examined are what ideologies are behind the design, what types of the syllabus are and whether it is likely to develop the communicative competence. In addition, the comparison between the learning outcomes and objectives of the education program is also included. Next, the process-oriented syllabus which is different from the category of the teaching plan is taken into consideration as well. Finally, minor problems on whether the design is likely to meet the learners'needs and motivate the learners, whether it is likely for the teacher to the implement the plan are covered, being discussed briefly.
文摘Different teaching approaches may apply to different types of syllabus.Before the emergence of communicative approach in language teaching in the 1970s,most of the language teaching approaches at that time have used a structural syllabus,or "grammatical" syllabus (in Nunan,1988,the two terms are interchangeable).In communicative approach of language teaching,there are several types of syllabuses that stress the importance of communication in language teaching and learning may be applied to it.But which type is the most suitable one for this teaching approach? This is the goal of this article.In this essay the author will try to find out the answer and provide arguments through analysis of and comparison between them.
文摘The purpose of this study is to(a)examine graduate students to see whether the syllabus of a research course is more important to male or female students and(b)determine whether graduate students who prefer educational work settings rate the usefulness of a research course higher than those who prefer non-educational work settings.Data were collected from a survey that was distributed to the subjects.These subjects included 57 graduate students enrolled in four classes of the same research course and all of them responded.The findings indicated that female graduate students considered the syllabus of this research course more important than the male graduate students did(p<0.5).The study also found that there was not a significant difference(p>0.05)between graduate students who prefer to work in the educational settings and those who prefer non-educational work settings rating the usefulness of a research course.
文摘The purpose of this assignment is to evaluate the course book New Headway intermediate students’book.The teaching context of using this book will be described clearly before discussing the syllabus terms and types which are related to the course book.In addition,the selection and ordering of elements in this course book will be analyzed,the problems and solutions of using this book in teaching context will also be discussed.
文摘Aims: This study aims at designing and implementing syllabus-oriented question-bank system that is capable of producing paper-based exams with multiple forms along with answer keys. The developed software tool is named Χ(Chi)-Pro Milestone and supports four types of questions, namely: Multiple-choice, True/False, Short-Answer and Free-Response Essay questions. The study is motivated by the fact that student number in schools and universities is continuously growing at high, non-linear, and uncontrolled rates. This growth, however, is not accompanied by an equivalent growth of educational resources (mainly: instructors, classrooms, and labs). A direct result of this situation is having relatively large number of students in each classroom. It is observed that providing and using online-examining systems could be intractable and expensive. As an alternative, paper-based exams can be used. One main issue is that manually produced paper-based exams are of low quality because of some human factors such as instability and relatively narrow range of topics [1]. Further, it is observed that instructors usually need to spend a lot of time and energy in composing paper-based exams with multiple forms. Therefore, the use of computers for automatic production of paper-based exams from question banks is becoming more and more important. Methodology: The design and evaluation of X-Pro Milestone are done by considering a basic set of design principles that are based on a list of identified Functional and Non-Functional Requirements. Deriving those requirements is made possible by developing X-Pro Milestone using the Iterative and Incremental model from software engineering domain. Results: We demonstrate that X-Pro Milestone has a number of excellent characteristics compared to the exam-preparation and question banks tools available in market. Some of these characteristics are: ease of use and operation, user-friendly interface and good usability, high security and protection of the question bank-items, high stability, and reliability. Further, X-Pro Milestone makes initiating, maintaining and archiving Question-Banks and produced exams possible. Putting X-Pro Milestone into real use has showed that X-Pro Milestone is easy to be learned and effectively used. We demonstrate that X-Pro Milestone is a cost-effective alternative to online examining systems with more and richer features and with low infrastructure requirements.
文摘Notional-functional syllabus is considered as the most popular syllabus among all the structure not simply because it is a semantically based syllabus. It takes the"notion"and"function"as the organizing principles. Organizing principles of syllabus design cannot solely depend on grammatical categories; it should take communicative considerations into account as well.Only by examining its pros and cons comprehensively, can we maximize its utility in our language classes.
文摘We carried out researches on the syllabus design for the specialty of electromechanical equipment maintenance & management in vocational college. Our researches involve the following aspects: (1) The training objective of the specialty; (2) the curriculum system; (3) The teaching methodology; and (4) Field training.
文摘In recent years,task-based learning is becoming increasingly popular forsecond language learners due to its emphasis on learners’communicative competence,compared with traditional PPP model which pays more attention on language and grammar.Thus,further exploration on task-based approach is necessary.By discussing the strengths and weaknesses of the syllabus,this paper aims to discover the teaching situations best-suited for this syllabus.
