The article takes the famous modern American Jewish writer Bernard Malamud’s novel The Magic Barrel as the object of study,and uses symbolism to interpret it,analyzing it one by one in terms of the magic barrel,the c...The article takes the famous modern American Jewish writer Bernard Malamud’s novel The Magic Barrel as the object of study,and uses symbolism to interpret it,analyzing it one by one in terms of the magic barrel,the colors,the seasons and the windows,respectively,so as to reveal the process of getting rid of the childishness within the novel’s male protagonist,Leo Finkel,who is maturing,as well as the novel’s Jewish theme of searching for the soul of the self.展开更多
In cellular systems,establishing the initial symbol timing of potential preambles is the first step of a cell search.The envelope fluctuation of the downlink signal hinders the successful timing of conventional symbol...In cellular systems,establishing the initial symbol timing of potential preambles is the first step of a cell search.The envelope fluctuation of the downlink signal hinders the successful timing of conventional symbol timing methods.To solve this problem,a hybrid timing strategy is proposed with two novel detectors,namely the normalized replica-based detector and normalized differential detector.The strategy first detects all potential preambles via the normalized replica-based detector and then employs the normalized differential detector to verify the target preamble,which comes from the target cell and has the highest power.The strategy is unaffected by envelope fluctuation and has computational complexity comparable to that of conventional methods.Simu-lations and real-data tests show that the hybrid timing strategy is robust and practical for initial symbol timing.展开更多
In order to reduce the physical impairment caused by signal distortion,in this paper,we investigate symbol detection with Deep Learning(DL)methods to improve bit-error performance in the optical communication system.M...In order to reduce the physical impairment caused by signal distortion,in this paper,we investigate symbol detection with Deep Learning(DL)methods to improve bit-error performance in the optical communication system.Many DL-based methods have been applied to such systems to improve bit-error performance.Referring to the speech-to-text method of automatic speech recognition,this paper proposes a signal-to-symbol method based on DL and designs a receiver for symbol detection on single-polarized optical communications modes.To realize this detection method,we propose a non-causal temporal convolutional network-assisted receiver to detect symbols directly from the baseband signal,which specifically integrates most modules of the receiver.Meanwhile,we adopt three training approaches for different signal-to-noise ratios.We also apply a parametric rectified linear unit to enhance the noise robustness of the proposed network.According to the simulation experiments,the biterror-rate performance of the proposed method is close to or even superior to that of the conventional receiver and better than the recurrent neural network-based receiver.展开更多
Machine learning(ML)has powerful nonlinear processing and multivariate learning capabilities,so it has been widely utilised in the fatigue field.However,most ML methods are inexplicable black-box models that are diffi...Machine learning(ML)has powerful nonlinear processing and multivariate learning capabilities,so it has been widely utilised in the fatigue field.However,most ML methods are inexplicable black-box models that are difficult to apply in engineering practice.Symbolic regression(SR)is an interpretable machine learning method for determining the optimal fitting equation for datasets.In this study,domain knowledge-guided SR was used to determine a new fatigue crack growth(FCG)rate model.Three terms of the variable subtree ofΔK,R-ratio,andΔK_(th)were obtained by analysing eight traditional semi-empirical FCG rate models.Based on the FCG rate test data from other literature,the SR model was constructed using Al-7055-T7511.It was subsequently extended to other alloys(Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al,Ti-6Al-4V,Cr-Mo-V,LC9cs,Al-6013-T651,and Al-2324-T3)using multiple linear regression.Compared with the three semi-empirical FCG rate models,the SR model yielded higher prediction accuracy.This result demonstrates the potential of domain knowledge-guided SR for building the FCG rate model.展开更多
A symbol is an expression of meaning,while blank symbols express special meanings.By focusing on the application of blank symbols in Japanese architecture and indoor designs,we analyzed the aesthetic principles in Jap...A symbol is an expression of meaning,while blank symbols express special meanings.By focusing on the application of blank symbols in Japanese architecture and indoor designs,we analyzed the aesthetic principles in Japanese architecture and indoor designs from the perspective of semiotics,such as“Kongji,”“Emptiness,”and“Dying out,”and their minimalist and pure design concepts.Traditional Chinese culture was also further explored,especially the profound influence of the“Chan sect”and the philosophy of“unity of heaven and mankind”on Japanese architecture and designs.This study aims to facilitate the coexistence and mutual appreciation of Chinese and Japanese architectural designs.展开更多
Radial Basis Function Neural Network(RBFNN)ensembles have long suffered from non-efficient training,where incorrect parameter settings can be computationally disastrous.This paper examines different evolutionary algor...Radial Basis Function Neural Network(RBFNN)ensembles have long suffered from non-efficient training,where incorrect parameter settings can be computationally disastrous.This paper examines different evolutionary algorithms for training the Symbolic Radial Basis Function Neural Network(SRBFNN)through the behavior’s integration of satisfiability programming.Inspired by evolutionary algorithms,which can iteratively find the nearoptimal solution,different Evolutionary Algorithms(EAs)were designed to optimize the producer output weight of the SRBFNN that corresponds to the embedded logic programming 2Satisfiability representation(SRBFNN-2SAT).The SRBFNN’s objective function that corresponds to Satisfiability logic programming can be minimized by different algorithms,including Genetic Algorithm(GA),Evolution Strategy Algorithm(ES),Differential Evolution Algorithm(DE),and Evolutionary Programming Algorithm(EP).Each of these methods is presented in the steps in the flowchart form which can be used for its straightforward implementation in any programming language.With the use of SRBFNN-2SAT,a training method based on these algorithms has been presented,then training has been compared among algorithms,which were applied in Microsoft Visual C++software using multiple metrics of performance,including Mean Absolute Relative Error(MARE),Root Mean Square Error(RMSE),Mean Absolute Percentage Error(MAPE),Mean Bias Error(MBE),Systematic Error(SD),Schwarz Bayesian Criterion(SBC),and Central Process Unit time(CPU time).Based on the results,the EP algorithm achieved a higher training rate and simple structure compared with the rest of the algorithms.It has been confirmed that the EP algorithm is quite effective in training and obtaining the best output weight,accompanied by the slightest iteration error,which minimizes the objective function of SRBFNN-2SAT.展开更多
In the novels, the clothing worn by the characters are symbols made and used by the authors to express the characters’ personality and deepen the theme, and grasping their symbolism helps to enter into the interior o...In the novels, the clothing worn by the characters are symbols made and used by the authors to express the characters’ personality and deepen the theme, and grasping their symbolism helps to enter into the interior of the novels and understand their essence. This paper will analyze and interpret the clothing of typical female characters in The Scarlet Letter, Daisy Miller and Dry September from the perspective of symbolism, so as to illustrate how the symbolism of clothing, as a kind of symbols, shapes the image of the main characters.展开更多
In the Italian novel Lacci,the young husband abandoned his wife and lived with another woman.Although the marriage has been maintained under the stress of tense relations,friction and cracks have long existed and brok...In the Italian novel Lacci,the young husband abandoned his wife and lived with another woman.Although the marriage has been maintained under the stress of tense relations,friction and cracks have long existed and broken their peaceful life.This betrayal story restores the whole story from three perspectives through the eyes of the husband,the wife,and the memory of two children.It also reveals the indifferent and uncommunicable situations experienced by everyone in the family.The shoelace that appeared repeatedly in this article not only symbolizes the entangled and chaotic relationship between husband and wife,but also symbolizes the parent-child relationship that has long been broken but still tied up with each other;another image,the cat,not only symbolizes the seductive lover in the eyes of the husband,but also represents himself who pursues the satisfaction of desire.At the same time,cat also implies the disintegration of this marriage from inside to outside.In short,in this suffocating marriage novel,shoelace symbolizes order,while cat symbolizes chaos.The cat who keeps breaking in wore away their trust and emotion,and in the end,the two people in marriage can only bind reluctantly with shoelaces and hurt each other.展开更多
Araby is a short story by the famous Irish stream-of-consciousness writer James Joyce.Through a series of images,the novel expresses the theme of the story:the“mental paralysis”of Dubliners and the“spiritual Epiph...Araby is a short story by the famous Irish stream-of-consciousness writer James Joyce.Through a series of images,the novel expresses the theme of the story:the“mental paralysis”of Dubliners and the“spiritual Epiphany”of the little boy,which reflects the spiritual barren of Dubliners at that time.Through the analysis of the symbolic meaning of many images in the work,this paper reveals the social background and religious significance hidden behind the images.展开更多
While getting a chance to visit the Great Wall of China may not be easy,it is a memorable experience for everyone who manages to get there.And the value of the Great Wall is not confined to tourists;it is also signifi...While getting a chance to visit the Great Wall of China may not be easy,it is a memorable experience for everyone who manages to get there.And the value of the Great Wall is not confined to tourists;it is also significant for those interested in learning about the preservation of the historic site as a unique symbol of Chinese civilisation.展开更多
The article explores the topic of symbolic expression in the physical elements that form urban public spaces.It is done by giving an overview and analysing spaces that hold a widely-recognised symbolic value.The autho...The article explores the topic of symbolic expression in the physical elements that form urban public spaces.It is done by giving an overview and analysing spaces that hold a widely-recognised symbolic value.The author discusses the means of encoding and perceiving meanings in the spacial composition,physical form and materials of its elements,and other aspects that influence the sensory or psychological perception of the observer.At the same time,different theoretical approaches to the perception of space are discussed,addressing not only architectural theory but also the ideas proposed in the fields of philosophy,fenomenology and cultural studies.展开更多
In art and literature,writers like to use symbolism to reveal the themes of works.In this thesis,the writer will talk about the usage of symbolism in art and literature in brief.Then the writer will also discuss the u...In art and literature,writers like to use symbolism to reveal the themes of works.In this thesis,the writer will talk about the usage of symbolism in art and literature in brief.Then the writer will also discuss the usage of symbolism in the story of the Snake written by John.Steinbeck(a famous American novelist) by analyzing how the symbols in the story contribute to the meaning and the themes of the story.展开更多
A Rose for Emily is one of William Faulkner's most famous short stories.Through the representing of patriarchy influence on Emily,Faulkner shows his readers Emily's tragic life.From the diverse meanings of the...A Rose for Emily is one of William Faulkner's most famous short stories.Through the representing of patriarchy influence on Emily,Faulkner shows his readers Emily's tragic life.From the diverse meanings of the "Rose" to the debated themes,this story has been discussed before.This paper tries to analyze the three stages of Emily's struggle for love in order to represent the symbolism of the "Rose" from the perspective of feminism.It also represents the root of Emily's tragedy and the sympathy for the tragic fate of the Southern women.展开更多
While the character,theme and modernism of T.S. Eliot's poem "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" have been explored variously,the language techniques in this poem have been rarely investigated. This th...While the character,theme and modernism of T.S. Eliot's poem "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" have been explored variously,the language techniques in this poem have been rarely investigated. This thesis tries to analyze these symbols to find the theme of the poem. By using symbol analysis, the values and the spiritual world of the early 20th century generation can be clearly known. There are four sections in this thesis. The first section makes a brief introduction of T. S. Eliot. The second section gives the basic theory about symbol and symbolism. In the third section, different symbol analyses with different details are presented by five subsections, that is, symbols of streets, symbols of body parts, symbols of ocean, symbols about time and other symbols. In the fourth section, the theme of the poem —the disillusionment of the post-war generation is analyzed.The conclusion summarizes the importance of symbolic language techniques used in the poem.展开更多
The Unicorn in the Garden,written by James Thurber,is an ironic short story.It is believed that this short story can be considered as a representative of the war between men and women.The purpose of this thesis is to ...The Unicorn in the Garden,written by James Thurber,is an ironic short story.It is believed that this short story can be considered as a representative of the war between men and women.The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the use of symbolism in this short novel and therefore reveal the indifferent relationship and marital conflict between the husband and the wife.By the interpretation of the symbolic meanings of several images,this thesis will explore the humor,theme,as well as the characters of the husband and the wife.展开更多
Nathaniel Hawthorne'masterpiece The Scarlet Letter is notable for its symbolism. Symbolism plays a significant role both in developing the theme of this book and enhancing the artistic effects of his work greatly....Nathaniel Hawthorne'masterpiece The Scarlet Letter is notable for its symbolism. Symbolism plays a significant role both in developing the theme of this book and enhancing the artistic effects of his work greatly. Symbolism is a literary device which is adopted to portray another object or individual. In The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne often used a tangible object to represent an undefined idea, complex in scope and significance. This paper studies the symbol meanings of some important col?ors- red or scarlet, gray and green which are described in the novel to make the readers get a deeper and clearer understanding of the use of symbolism.展开更多
Rabbit,Run,the masterpiece from John Updike,published in 1960,revolves around a young man named Harry fighting against the oppressive atmosphere and crying out for freedom.The rebellious protagonist,faced with the res...Rabbit,Run,the masterpiece from John Updike,published in 1960,revolves around a young man named Harry fighting against the oppressive atmosphere and crying out for freedom.The rebellious protagonist,faced with the responsibility falling from tradition,breaks through an array of obstacles imposed by society.In the novel,many materials and the protagonist himself,in one way or another,bear resemblance to many images,or give the most vivid expression of the traits of an era.This paper aims to explore the related symbols,based on the theories centred on symbolism and imagism.展开更多
文摘The article takes the famous modern American Jewish writer Bernard Malamud’s novel The Magic Barrel as the object of study,and uses symbolism to interpret it,analyzing it one by one in terms of the magic barrel,the colors,the seasons and the windows,respectively,so as to reveal the process of getting rid of the childishness within the novel’s male protagonist,Leo Finkel,who is maturing,as well as the novel’s Jewish theme of searching for the soul of the self.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61931015,62071335)in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(2021CFA002)+2 种基金in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesin part by the Technological Innovation Project of Hubei Province of China(2019AAA061)in part by the Science and Technology Program of Shenzhen(JCYJ20170818112037398).
文摘In cellular systems,establishing the initial symbol timing of potential preambles is the first step of a cell search.The envelope fluctuation of the downlink signal hinders the successful timing of conventional symbol timing methods.To solve this problem,a hybrid timing strategy is proposed with two novel detectors,namely the normalized replica-based detector and normalized differential detector.The strategy first detects all potential preambles via the normalized replica-based detector and then employs the normalized differential detector to verify the target preamble,which comes from the target cell and has the highest power.The strategy is unaffected by envelope fluctuation and has computational complexity comparable to that of conventional methods.Simu-lations and real-data tests show that the hybrid timing strategy is robust and practical for initial symbol timing.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant 2018YFB1801500.
文摘In order to reduce the physical impairment caused by signal distortion,in this paper,we investigate symbol detection with Deep Learning(DL)methods to improve bit-error performance in the optical communication system.Many DL-based methods have been applied to such systems to improve bit-error performance.Referring to the speech-to-text method of automatic speech recognition,this paper proposes a signal-to-symbol method based on DL and designs a receiver for symbol detection on single-polarized optical communications modes.To realize this detection method,we propose a non-causal temporal convolutional network-assisted receiver to detect symbols directly from the baseband signal,which specifically integrates most modules of the receiver.Meanwhile,we adopt three training approaches for different signal-to-noise ratios.We also apply a parametric rectified linear unit to enhance the noise robustness of the proposed network.According to the simulation experiments,the biterror-rate performance of the proposed method is close to or even superior to that of the conventional receiver and better than the recurrent neural network-based receiver.
基金Supported by Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2022YFH0075)Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Performance Monitoring and Protecting of Rail Transit Infrastructure(Grant No.HJGZ2021113)Independent Research Project of State Key Laboratory of Traction Power(Grant No.2022TPL_T03).
文摘Machine learning(ML)has powerful nonlinear processing and multivariate learning capabilities,so it has been widely utilised in the fatigue field.However,most ML methods are inexplicable black-box models that are difficult to apply in engineering practice.Symbolic regression(SR)is an interpretable machine learning method for determining the optimal fitting equation for datasets.In this study,domain knowledge-guided SR was used to determine a new fatigue crack growth(FCG)rate model.Three terms of the variable subtree ofΔK,R-ratio,andΔK_(th)were obtained by analysing eight traditional semi-empirical FCG rate models.Based on the FCG rate test data from other literature,the SR model was constructed using Al-7055-T7511.It was subsequently extended to other alloys(Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al,Ti-6Al-4V,Cr-Mo-V,LC9cs,Al-6013-T651,and Al-2324-T3)using multiple linear regression.Compared with the three semi-empirical FCG rate models,the SR model yielded higher prediction accuracy.This result demonstrates the potential of domain knowledge-guided SR for building the FCG rate model.
基金Department of Education in Yunnan Province Fund for Scientific Research,Research on the Origin Tracing of the Traditional Architectures of Limi People of Yunnan Yi Ethnic Group(No.2022Y658).
文摘A symbol is an expression of meaning,while blank symbols express special meanings.By focusing on the application of blank symbols in Japanese architecture and indoor designs,we analyzed the aesthetic principles in Japanese architecture and indoor designs from the perspective of semiotics,such as“Kongji,”“Emptiness,”and“Dying out,”and their minimalist and pure design concepts.Traditional Chinese culture was also further explored,especially the profound influence of the“Chan sect”and the philosophy of“unity of heaven and mankind”on Japanese architecture and designs.This study aims to facilitate the coexistence and mutual appreciation of Chinese and Japanese architectural designs.
基金This work is supported by Ministry of Higher Education(MOHE)through Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS)(FRGS/1/2020/STG06/UTHM/03/7).
文摘Radial Basis Function Neural Network(RBFNN)ensembles have long suffered from non-efficient training,where incorrect parameter settings can be computationally disastrous.This paper examines different evolutionary algorithms for training the Symbolic Radial Basis Function Neural Network(SRBFNN)through the behavior’s integration of satisfiability programming.Inspired by evolutionary algorithms,which can iteratively find the nearoptimal solution,different Evolutionary Algorithms(EAs)were designed to optimize the producer output weight of the SRBFNN that corresponds to the embedded logic programming 2Satisfiability representation(SRBFNN-2SAT).The SRBFNN’s objective function that corresponds to Satisfiability logic programming can be minimized by different algorithms,including Genetic Algorithm(GA),Evolution Strategy Algorithm(ES),Differential Evolution Algorithm(DE),and Evolutionary Programming Algorithm(EP).Each of these methods is presented in the steps in the flowchart form which can be used for its straightforward implementation in any programming language.With the use of SRBFNN-2SAT,a training method based on these algorithms has been presented,then training has been compared among algorithms,which were applied in Microsoft Visual C++software using multiple metrics of performance,including Mean Absolute Relative Error(MARE),Root Mean Square Error(RMSE),Mean Absolute Percentage Error(MAPE),Mean Bias Error(MBE),Systematic Error(SD),Schwarz Bayesian Criterion(SBC),and Central Process Unit time(CPU time).Based on the results,the EP algorithm achieved a higher training rate and simple structure compared with the rest of the algorithms.It has been confirmed that the EP algorithm is quite effective in training and obtaining the best output weight,accompanied by the slightest iteration error,which minimizes the objective function of SRBFNN-2SAT.
文摘In the novels, the clothing worn by the characters are symbols made and used by the authors to express the characters’ personality and deepen the theme, and grasping their symbolism helps to enter into the interior of the novels and understand their essence. This paper will analyze and interpret the clothing of typical female characters in The Scarlet Letter, Daisy Miller and Dry September from the perspective of symbolism, so as to illustrate how the symbolism of clothing, as a kind of symbols, shapes the image of the main characters.
文摘In the Italian novel Lacci,the young husband abandoned his wife and lived with another woman.Although the marriage has been maintained under the stress of tense relations,friction and cracks have long existed and broken their peaceful life.This betrayal story restores the whole story from three perspectives through the eyes of the husband,the wife,and the memory of two children.It also reveals the indifferent and uncommunicable situations experienced by everyone in the family.The shoelace that appeared repeatedly in this article not only symbolizes the entangled and chaotic relationship between husband and wife,but also symbolizes the parent-child relationship that has long been broken but still tied up with each other;another image,the cat,not only symbolizes the seductive lover in the eyes of the husband,but also represents himself who pursues the satisfaction of desire.At the same time,cat also implies the disintegration of this marriage from inside to outside.In short,in this suffocating marriage novel,shoelace symbolizes order,while cat symbolizes chaos.The cat who keeps breaking in wore away their trust and emotion,and in the end,the two people in marriage can only bind reluctantly with shoelaces and hurt each other.
文摘Araby is a short story by the famous Irish stream-of-consciousness writer James Joyce.Through a series of images,the novel expresses the theme of the story:the“mental paralysis”of Dubliners and the“spiritual Epiphany”of the little boy,which reflects the spiritual barren of Dubliners at that time.Through the analysis of the symbolic meaning of many images in the work,this paper reveals the social background and religious significance hidden behind the images.
文摘While getting a chance to visit the Great Wall of China may not be easy,it is a memorable experience for everyone who manages to get there.And the value of the Great Wall is not confined to tourists;it is also significant for those interested in learning about the preservation of the historic site as a unique symbol of Chinese civilisation.
文摘The article explores the topic of symbolic expression in the physical elements that form urban public spaces.It is done by giving an overview and analysing spaces that hold a widely-recognised symbolic value.The author discusses the means of encoding and perceiving meanings in the spacial composition,physical form and materials of its elements,and other aspects that influence the sensory or psychological perception of the observer.At the same time,different theoretical approaches to the perception of space are discussed,addressing not only architectural theory but also the ideas proposed in the fields of philosophy,fenomenology and cultural studies.
文摘In art and literature,writers like to use symbolism to reveal the themes of works.In this thesis,the writer will talk about the usage of symbolism in art and literature in brief.Then the writer will also discuss the usage of symbolism in the story of the Snake written by John.Steinbeck(a famous American novelist) by analyzing how the symbols in the story contribute to the meaning and the themes of the story.
文摘A Rose for Emily is one of William Faulkner's most famous short stories.Through the representing of patriarchy influence on Emily,Faulkner shows his readers Emily's tragic life.From the diverse meanings of the "Rose" to the debated themes,this story has been discussed before.This paper tries to analyze the three stages of Emily's struggle for love in order to represent the symbolism of the "Rose" from the perspective of feminism.It also represents the root of Emily's tragedy and the sympathy for the tragic fate of the Southern women.
文摘While the character,theme and modernism of T.S. Eliot's poem "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" have been explored variously,the language techniques in this poem have been rarely investigated. This thesis tries to analyze these symbols to find the theme of the poem. By using symbol analysis, the values and the spiritual world of the early 20th century generation can be clearly known. There are four sections in this thesis. The first section makes a brief introduction of T. S. Eliot. The second section gives the basic theory about symbol and symbolism. In the third section, different symbol analyses with different details are presented by five subsections, that is, symbols of streets, symbols of body parts, symbols of ocean, symbols about time and other symbols. In the fourth section, the theme of the poem —the disillusionment of the post-war generation is analyzed.The conclusion summarizes the importance of symbolic language techniques used in the poem.
文摘The Unicorn in the Garden,written by James Thurber,is an ironic short story.It is believed that this short story can be considered as a representative of the war between men and women.The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the use of symbolism in this short novel and therefore reveal the indifferent relationship and marital conflict between the husband and the wife.By the interpretation of the symbolic meanings of several images,this thesis will explore the humor,theme,as well as the characters of the husband and the wife.
文摘Nathaniel Hawthorne'masterpiece The Scarlet Letter is notable for its symbolism. Symbolism plays a significant role both in developing the theme of this book and enhancing the artistic effects of his work greatly. Symbolism is a literary device which is adopted to portray another object or individual. In The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne often used a tangible object to represent an undefined idea, complex in scope and significance. This paper studies the symbol meanings of some important col?ors- red or scarlet, gray and green which are described in the novel to make the readers get a deeper and clearer understanding of the use of symbolism.
文摘Rabbit,Run,the masterpiece from John Updike,published in 1960,revolves around a young man named Harry fighting against the oppressive atmosphere and crying out for freedom.The rebellious protagonist,faced with the responsibility falling from tradition,breaks through an array of obstacles imposed by society.In the novel,many materials and the protagonist himself,in one way or another,bear resemblance to many images,or give the most vivid expression of the traits of an era.This paper aims to explore the related symbols,based on the theories centred on symbolism and imagism.
