Calculation of Quark Condensate in Nuclear Matter with the Chiral Symmetry Spontaneous Breaking Lagrangian

Using the chiral symmetry spontaneous breaking Lagrangian with mean-field approximation, we investigate the in-medium quark condensate . It is found that the condensate decreases as the nuclear matter density increases. Meanwhile, the desent deviates from the linear decrease and becomes remarkably slow as the density of the nuclear matter further increases. It shows that the chiral symmetry spontaneous breaking is only partially restored in densed nuclear matter.

Light-Front Hamiltonian, Path Integral and BRST Formulations of the Chern-Simons-Higgs Theory in the Broken Symmetry Phase

In the present work we study the Hamiltonian, path integral and BRST formulations of the Chern-Simons-Higgs theory in two-space one-time dimensions, in the so-called broken symmetry phase of the Higgs potential (where the phase φ(xμ) of the complex matter field Φ(xμ) carries the charge degree of freedom of the complex matter field and is akin to the Goldstone boson) on the light-front (i.e., on the hyperplanes defined by the fixed light-cone time). The theory is seen to possess a set of first-class constraints and the local vector gauge symmetry. The theory being gauge-invariant is quantized under appropriate gauge-fixing conditions. The explicit Hamiltonian and path integral quantization is achieved under the above light-cone gauges. The Heisenberg equations of motion of the system are derived for the physical degrees of freedom of the system. Finally the BRST quantization of the system is achieved under appropriate BRST gauge-fixing, where the BRST symmetry is maintained even under the BRST light-cone gauge-fixing.

Yang-Mills Mass Gap Problem: A Possible Solution

As known, the spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) and the Brout-Englert-Higgs Mechanism (BEH-M) solved the Yang-Mills Mass Gap Problem. However, various mathematicians, even prestigious ones, consider the basic assumptions of the gauge theories to be wrong, as well as in conflict with the experimental evidence and in clear disagreement with the facts, distorting the physical reality itself. Likewise, these theories are mathematically inconsistent, adopting a mathematical structure somewhat complicated and arbitrary, which does not satisfy the strong demands for coherence. The weakest point of the gauge theories, in our opinion, consists in imposing that all the particles must be free of an intrinsic mass. On the contrary, even for the particle considered universally massless, i.e. the photon, our calculations show a dynamic-mass, a push-momentum (p) of 1.325 × 10-22 [g⋅cm/s]. With this work we try to provide a possible solution to the Yang-Mills Mass Gap Problem, but without taking into account the SSB, nor using the BEH-M. We try to provide a mathematical explanation for this phenomenon, considering that in the spectrum of the Yang-Mills theory, there is a mass gap, that is, the difference between the energy of the vacuum state and the first excited state is different from zero. In other words, the lightest of the particles predicted by the theory must have a strictly positive mass to explain the short range of strong nuclear forces. It is clear, indeed, that if we replaced this value with the null value of the photon inserted in the equations of the Perturbation Theory, the Quantum Fields Theory and the Yang-Mills theories, all divergences, that is all zeroes and infinities, would suddenly disappear. Consequently, the limits imposed by the SSB disappear so that there is no longer any need to deny the mass to the Nuclear Forces bosons, including the Yang-Mills b quantum.

对称性自发破缺重正化方法的简单应用

微扰论是粒子物理学中一种非常有用的方法,但是在计算中会产生对称性自发玻缺.若用抵消项重正化方法,可以通过对标量系统的拉氏量密度进行处理,由量子场论中分离出有意义的物理结果.可以弥补微扰论方法的不足.文章以4阶自相互作用介子场的抵消项重整化应用例子进行说明.

费米变量与超对称性量子力学(Ⅰ)

本文描述了具有一个Bose坐标和一个Fermion坐标的单粒子量子力学系统。在文(Ⅰ)中,用了Fermion坐标的距阵表示法,也用了Fermion坐标的反对易C数实现;用了Schrodinger波函数和算符表示,也用了Feynman的路径积分的方法来研究该系统。特别,导出了两个严格等价的(0+1)维的路径积分表达式。在文(Ⅱ)中,讨论了该系统显示超寻称性的条件。作为应用,详尽地分析了被Witten所讨论过的一些模型中超对称的破缺是如何发生的。通过迭代法,找到了Schrodinger方程的近似基态波函数,得到了测定非微扰的超对称破缺的基态能与超势的关系。

对称性自发破缺重正化方法

微扰论是粒子物理学中一种非常有用的方法,但是在计算中它有时会破坏对称性,产生对称性自发破缺。若用抵消项重正化方法,可以通过对标量系统的拉氏量密度进行处理,由量子场论中分离出有意义的物理结果,可以弥补微扰论方法的不足。文章以4阶自相互作用介子场和在标量电动力学中的两个抵消项重正化应用例子进行说明。

Quantifying Spontaneously Symmetry Breaking of Quantum Many-Body Systems

Spontaneous symmetry breaking is related to the appearance of emergent phenomena, while a non-vanishing order parameter has been viewed as the sign of turning into such symmetry-breaking phase. We study the spontaneous symmetry breaking in the conventional superconductor and Bose–Einstein condensation with a continuous measure of symmetry by showing that both the many-body systems can be mapped into the many spin model. We also formulate the underlying relation between the spontaneous symmetry breaking and the order parameter quantitatively. The degree of symmetry stays unity in the absence of the two emergent phenomena, while decreases exponentially at the appearance of the order parameter which indicates the inextricable relation between the spontaneous symmetry and the order parameter.

Quark Condensate in the Strange Matter

In a nonlinear chiral SU(3) framework, we investigate the quark condensate in the strange matter including and Λ, making use of chiral symmetry spontaneous breaking Lagrangian and mean-field approximation. The results show that the chiral symmetry is restored partially when the strange matter density increases and that plays a very important role in the strange matter which may approach the constituents of the neutron stars. In addition, we can find that the strange matter density where the π-condensate emerges leads to the ratio of the nucleon number to baryon number.

Phase Transitions in the Early Universe with Negatively Induced Supergravity Cosmological Constant

We consider that the observable cosmological constant is the sum of the vacuum （Avac） and the induced term （Aind - 3m^2/4） with m being the ultra-llght masses （≈ Hubble parameter） implemented in the theory from supergravities arguments and non-minimal coupling. In the absence of a scalar buildup of matter fields, we study its effects on spontaneous symmetry breaking with a Higgs potential and show how the presence of the ultra-light masses yields some important consequences for the early universe and new constraints on the Higgs and electroweak gauge bosons masses.

对称性自发破缺所诱发的种子平行雷诺胁强

根据第二类气球模理论,在托卡马克中诸如不稳定漂移波类的环形局部模将在径向呈现源于环形性的对称性自发破缺。以流体离子温度梯度模模型方程为例,解出在准环坐标系中由对称性自发破缺产生的二维局部模本征模式。在略去边带效应后,它成为具有径向位移修正的平板模式。由位移修正离子温度梯度模式导出了种子平行雷诺胁强,而它在传统的(无位移修正的)平板模式下被证明为零。

Geometrical Models of the Locally Anisotropic Space-Time

Along with the construction of non-Lorentz-invariant effective field theories, recent studies which are based on geometric models of Finsler space-time become more and more popular. In this respect, the Finslerian approach to the problem of Lorentz symmetry violation is characterized by the fact that the violation of Lorentz symmetry is not accompanied by a violation of relativistic symmetry. That means, in particular, that preservation of relativistic symmetry can be considered as a rigorous criterion of the viability for any non-Lorentz-invariant effective field theory. Although this paper has a review character, it contains (with few exceptions) only those results on Finsler extensions of relativity theory, that were obtained by the authors.