Ischemic brain injury triggers an inflammatory response. tissue but can also exacerbate brain injury. Microglia are This response is necessary to clear damaged brain the innate immune cells of the brain that execute t...Ischemic brain injury triggers an inflammatory response. tissue but can also exacerbate brain injury. Microglia are This response is necessary to clear damaged brain the innate immune cells of the brain that execute this critical function. In healthy brain, microglia perform a housekeeping function, pruning unused syn- apses between neurons. However, microglia become activated to an inflammatory phenotype upon brain injury. Interferon regulatory factors modulate microglial activation and their production of inflammatory cytokines. This review briefly discusses recent findings pertaining to these regulatory mechanisms in the context of stroke recovery.展开更多
Single mature Retzius cells which contain 5-HT have been implanted in isolated ganglia of Whitmania pigra. The properties of the implanted Retzius cell and its connections with the original identified nerve cells of t...Single mature Retzius cells which contain 5-HT have been implanted in isolated ganglia of Whitmania pigra. The properties of the implanted Retzius cell and its connections with the original identified nerve cells of the ganglia have been measured by intracellular microelectrodes. At 3 days in culture an implanted Retzius cell maintains its normal electrical membrane properties. It also forms the non-rectifying electronic coupling with the original Retzius cell and rectifying junctions with the L motor neuron of the host ganglion. In addition it receives chemical inputs of the impulse from T and N sensory neurons of ganglion. Impulses in the implanted Retzius cell evoke synaptic potentials in the L motor neuron, In this paper the appearance of novel synapses, which are formed by implanting an extra mature neuron as a pre- or post-synaptic element, is described. It might represent functional development of central nervous system at an earlier stage.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada(HHC,AFRS)a grant from the Natural Science&Engineering Research Council of Canada(HHC,AFRS)a Mid-Career Investigator Award from the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario,Canada(HHC)
文摘Ischemic brain injury triggers an inflammatory response. tissue but can also exacerbate brain injury. Microglia are This response is necessary to clear damaged brain the innate immune cells of the brain that execute this critical function. In healthy brain, microglia perform a housekeeping function, pruning unused syn- apses between neurons. However, microglia become activated to an inflammatory phenotype upon brain injury. Interferon regulatory factors modulate microglial activation and their production of inflammatory cytokines. This review briefly discusses recent findings pertaining to these regulatory mechanisms in the context of stroke recovery.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Single mature Retzius cells which contain 5-HT have been implanted in isolated ganglia of Whitmania pigra. The properties of the implanted Retzius cell and its connections with the original identified nerve cells of the ganglia have been measured by intracellular microelectrodes. At 3 days in culture an implanted Retzius cell maintains its normal electrical membrane properties. It also forms the non-rectifying electronic coupling with the original Retzius cell and rectifying junctions with the L motor neuron of the host ganglion. In addition it receives chemical inputs of the impulse from T and N sensory neurons of ganglion. Impulses in the implanted Retzius cell evoke synaptic potentials in the L motor neuron, In this paper the appearance of novel synapses, which are formed by implanting an extra mature neuron as a pre- or post-synaptic element, is described. It might represent functional development of central nervous system at an earlier stage.
