Vibration-based synchronous sampling and its application in wind-turbine drive-train-condition monitoring

Utilizing shaft-speed information to analyse vibration signals is an important method for fault diagnosis and condition monitoring of rotating machineries,especially for those running at variable speeds.However,in many cases,shaft-speed information is not always available,for a variety of reasons.Fortunately,in most of the measurements,the shaft-speed information is embedded in the vibration response in many different forms,such as in the format of the fundamental shaft-rotation-frequency response and its harmonics,and the gear-meshing-frequency response and its harmonics,etc.Proper signal processing can be used to extract the shaft instantaneous speed from the measured vibration responses.In existing instantaneous shaft-speed-identification methods,a narrow-bandpass filtering technique is used explicitly or implicitly.In a complex gearbox system,such as that used in a wind turbine,the gear-meshing-response component could be modulated by many other shaft speeds,due to the configuration of the gearbox or due to the existence of component damage.As a result,it is very difficult to isolate a single vibration-response component for instantaneous shaft-speed detection.In this paper,an innovative approach is presented.The instantaneous shaft speed is extracted based on maxima tracking from the vibration-response spectrogram.A numerical integration scheme is employed to obtain the shaft instantaneous phase.Digital-domain synchronous resampling is then applied to the vibration data by using the instantaneous phase information.Due to the nature of noise suppression in the numerical integration,the accuracy of synchronous sampling is greatly improved.This proposed approach demonstrates the feasibility and engineering applicability through a controlled laboratory test case and two field wind-turbine cases.More detailed results and conclusions of this research are presented at the end of this paper.

Multi-channel DMA Based Design of Voltage Monitoring Using Synchronous Frequency Trace-Sampling Technique

In order to eliminate the influence of frequency change on real-time voltage acquisition,a low-cost solution of voltage monitoring was proposed using the multi-channel DMA synchronous frequency trace-sampling technique.In-chip resources of the designed voltage monitor were fully utilized in hardware design to reduce external devices.The MQX RTOS was used to perform the functional tasks flexibly and efficiently;especially the Ethernet communication applications and USB device connection were realized using its TCP/IP protocol stack and USB driver.In addition,to ensure the safety of electrical records,data statistics and alarm information management were also implemented through the management of the storage in FLASH.The test results show that the voltage monitor designed in this paper has the advantages of accurate measurement,strong resistance to frequency interference and low cost,and can be widely applied in the field of voltage monitoring in distribution networks.

Cross-calibration on the electromagnetic field detection payloads of the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite

The China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES)deploys three payloads to detect the electromagnetic environment in the ionosphere.The tri-axial fluxgate magnetometers(FGM),as part of the high precision magnetometer(HPM),measures the Earth magnetic vector field in a frequency range from direct current(DC)to 15 Hz.The tri-axial search coil magnetometer(SCM)detects the alternating current(AC)related magnetic field in a frequency range from several Hz to 20 k Hz,and the electric field detector(EFD)measures the spatial electric field in a broad frequency band from DC to 3.5 MHz.This work mainly crosscalibrates the consistency of these three payloads in their overlapped detection frequency range and firstly evaluates CSES’s timing system and the sampling time differences between EFD and SCM.A sampling time synchronization method for EFD and SCM waveform data is put forward.The consistency between FGM and SCM in the ultra-low-frequency(ULF)range is validated by using the magnetic torque(MT)signal as a reference.A natural quasiperiodic electromagnetic wave event verifies SCM and EFD’s consistency in extremely low-frequency and very low-frequency(ELF/VLF)bands.This cross-calibration work is helpful to upgrade the data quality of CSES and brings valuable insights to similar electromagnetic detection solutions by low earth orbit satellites.