This study presents a new method for characterizing the thermal lattice deformation of a monochromator with high precision under service conditions and first reports the operando measurements of nanoscale thermal latt...This study presents a new method for characterizing the thermal lattice deformation of a monochromator with high precision under service conditions and first reports the operando measurements of nanoscale thermal lattice deformation on a double-crystal monochromator at different incident powers.The nanoscale thermal lattice deformation of the monochromator first crystal was obtained by analyzing the intensity of the distorted DuMond diagrams.DuMond diagrams of the 333 diffraction index,sensitive to lattice deformation,were obtained directly using a 2D detector and an analyzer crystal orthogonal to the monochromator.With increasing incident power and power density,the maximum height of the lattice deformation increased from 3.2 to 18.5 nm,and the deformation coefficient of the maximum height increased from 1.1 to 3.2 nm/W.The maximum relative standard deviation was 4.2%,and the maximum standard deviation was 0.1 nm.Based on the measured thermal deformations,the flux saturation phenomenon and critical point for the linear operation of the monochromator were predicted with increasing incident power.This study provides a simple solution to the problem of the lower precision of synchrotron radiation monochromator characterizations compared to simulations.展开更多
The relative intensities of L-subshell x-ray fluorescence(XRF)for elements with atomic numbers 62≤Z≤83 were measured at two excitation energies,18 keV and 23 keV,using a synchrotron radiation source at a beamline of...The relative intensities of L-subshell x-ray fluorescence(XRF)for elements with atomic numbers 62≤Z≤83 were measured at two excitation energies,18 keV and 23 keV,using a synchrotron radiation source at a beamline of the Synchrotron Light Center for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East(SESAME),Jordan.The experimentally measured results of the relative intensities were compared with the calculated results using the subshell fluorescence yield and the Coster-Kronig transition probabilities recommended by Campbell and the values based on the Dirac-Hartree-Slater model by Puri.The experimental and theoretical results are in agreement.In this work,L XRF relative intensities for the elements Sm,Gd,Tb,Er,Ta,W,Re,Hg,Pb and Bi at energies of 18 keV and 23 keV were measured.展开更多
The construction of a new beamline,BL10U1,was completed at the Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility in 2020.This multipurpose beamline was designed to provide X-ray scattering techniques such as ultra-small-angle X...The construction of a new beamline,BL10U1,was completed at the Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility in 2020.This multipurpose beamline was designed to provide X-ray scattering techniques such as ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering(USAXS),small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS),wide-angle X-ray scattering,and microfocus SAXS(μSAXS)for a broad user community.To realize fast time-resolved USAXS experiments,the beamline adopted an in-vacuum undulator with a total length of 1.6 m as the photon source.An in-house cryogenic-cooled double multilayer monochromator was installed to deliver a photon flux of approximately 10^(13) photons/s at a photon energy of 10 keV.The three-year successful operation of this beamline demonstrated that the monochromator operated smoothly,as expected.BL10U1 has three end stations in succession:USAXS end station,μSAXS end station,and end station for industrial applications.The minimum scattering vector q~0.0042 nm^(-1) at 10 keV can be achieved at the USAXS end station equipped with a 28 m-long and 1.8 m-diameter vacuum flight tube.At theμSAXS end station,a beam spot of less than 10×8μm was achieved for micro-SAXS experiments.In contrast,in situ experimental instruments up to 5 m high and 8 m wide can be mounted at the industrial application end station,which offers industrial scientists the opportunity to use their large industrial equipment.BL10U1 opens up a new capability to investigate phenomena such as non-equilibrium and dynamic processes of materials with a wide length scale from angstroms to micrometers with millisecond time resolution.In this paper,we also report beamline design considerations and commissioning results.展开更多
The hard X-ray nanoprobe beamline BL13U is a phase-Ⅱ beamline project at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility.The beamline aims to enable comprehensive experiments at high spatial resolutions ranging from 50 t...The hard X-ray nanoprobe beamline BL13U is a phase-Ⅱ beamline project at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility.The beamline aims to enable comprehensive experiments at high spatial resolutions ranging from 50 to 10 nm. The X-ray energy range of the beamline, 5–25 keV, can detect most elements in the periodic table. Two operating modes were designed to accommodate the experimental requirements of high-energy resolution or high photon flux, respectively. X-ray nanofluorescence, nanodiffraction, and coherent diffraction imaging are developed as the main experimental techniques for BL13U. This paper describes the beamline optics, end station configurations, experimental methods under development, and preliminary test results. This comprehensive overview aims to provide a clear understanding of the beamline capabilities and potential applications.展开更多
The layout and characteristics of the hard X-ray spectroscopy beamline(BL11B)at the Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility are described herein.BL11B is a bending-magnet beamline dedicated to conventional and millise...The layout and characteristics of the hard X-ray spectroscopy beamline(BL11B)at the Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility are described herein.BL11B is a bending-magnet beamline dedicated to conventional and millisecond-scale quick-scanning X-ray absorption fine structures.It is equipped with a cylindrical collimating mirror,a double-crystal monochromator comprising Si(111)and Si(311),a channel-cut quick-scanning Si(111)monochromator,a toroidal focusing mirror,and a high harmonics rejection mirror.It can provide 5-30 keV of X-rays with a photon flux of~5×10^(11)photons/s and an energy resolution of~1.31×10^(-4)at 10 keV.The performance of the beamline can satisfy the demands of users in the fields of catalysis,materials,and environmental science.This paper presents an overview of the beamline design and a detailed description of its performance and capabilities.展开更多
The ultrahard X-ray multifunctional application beamline(BL12SW)is a phase-II beamline project at the Shanghai Syn-chrotron Radiation Facility.The primary X-ray techniques used at the beamline are high-energy X-ray di...The ultrahard X-ray multifunctional application beamline(BL12SW)is a phase-II beamline project at the Shanghai Syn-chrotron Radiation Facility.The primary X-ray techniques used at the beamline are high-energy X-ray diffraction and imaging using white and monochromatic light.The main scientific objectives of ultrahard X-ray beamlines are focused on two research areas.One is the study of the structural properties of Earth’s interior and new materials under extreme high-temperature and high-pressure conditions,and the other is the characterization of materials and processes in near-real service environments.The beamline utilizes a superconducting wiggler as the light source,with two diamond windows and SiC discs to filter out low-energy light(primarily below 30 keV)and a Cu filter assembly to control the thermal load entering the subsequent optical components.The beamline is equipped with dual monochromators.The first was a meridional bending Laue monochromator cooled by liquid nitrogen,achieving a full-energy coverage of 30-162 keV.The second was a sagittal bending Laue monochromator installed in an external building,providing a focused beam in the horizontal direction with an energy range of 60-120 keV.There were four experimental hutches:two large-volume press experimental hutches(LVP1 and LVP2)and two engineering material experimental hutches(ENG1 and ENG2).Each hutch was equipped with various near-real service conditions to satisfy different requirements.For example,LVP1 and LVP2 were equipped with a 200-ton DDIA press and a 2000-ton dual-mode(DDIA and Kawai)press,respectively.ENG1 and ENG2 provide in situ tensile,creep,and fatigue tests as well as high-temperature conditions.Since June 2023,the BL12SW has been in trial operation.It is expected to officially open to users by early 2024.展开更多
The aging behavior of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloys with high Cu/Mg was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) using synchrotron radiation. TEM study reveals that the major stre...The aging behavior of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloys with high Cu/Mg was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) using synchrotron radiation. TEM study reveals that the major strengthening phases of the alloy after aging at 160?C for 10 h are Ω and less θ′. SAXS study shows that the scattering patterns are composed of several concentric circles at the beginning of aging process, which is replaced by the butterfly-wings scattering patterns with the increase of aging time. The butterfly-wings scattering patterns are composed of several branches. The angles between the branches are roughly equal to that between the habit planes of precipitates. The evolution of Guinier radius with aging time indicates the good coarsening resistance of the precipitates. The evolution of integrated intensity is consistent with the classical two-step precipitation process.展开更多
According to intensity distribution of the synchrotron radiation source focused by a toroidal mirror at the Beijing synchrotron radiation biological macromolecule station, theoretical modeling of the Beijing synchrotr...According to intensity distribution of the synchrotron radiation source focused by a toroidal mirror at the Beijing synchrotron radiation biological macromolecule station, theoretical modeling of the Beijing synchrotron radiation source is developed for capillary optics. Using this theoretical modeling, the influences of the configuration curve of the polycapillary X-ray lens on transmission efficiency and working distance are analyzed. The experimental results of the transmission efficiency and working distance at the biological macromolecule station are in good agreement with the theoretical results.展开更多
In the light of Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Tomographic Microscopy (SRXTM), the internal structure of Markuelia hunanensis is revealed. In one example, vitrification and peeling show the annuli hidden under the chor...In the light of Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Tomographic Microscopy (SRXTM), the internal structure of Markuelia hunanensis is revealed. In one example, vitrification and peeling show the annuli hidden under the chorion. Sectioning and 3-D reconstruction display an intact digestive tract from the inverted introvert to the terminal anus. The inverted introvert forms a rugby cavum. The following digestive tract is rope-like coiling, parallel to the body axis, about 650 μm in length, and uniform in diameter (-80 μm). An exquisitely preserved pipe-like structure is hidden in the middle of the rope-like structure, diameter 20--40 lam, with a length of -120 μm. We interpret this pipe-like structure as the possible epidermis of the gut and its surroundings as the possible residue of musculature, similar to that in Priapulans. The two symmetrical rod-shape structures connecting the body wall and digestive tract are interpreted as the possible retractor muscles. After comparing the well preserved Left-form and Right-form Body of Markuelia, we suggest that they may represent a dimorphism. Counted directly, one sample of Markuelia hunanensis possesses 62 annulations and the other 68.展开更多
This study investigated the formulation mechanism of microspheres via internal surfactant distribution. Eudragit L100 based microspheres loaded with bovine serum albumin were prepared by solid in oil in oil emulsion s...This study investigated the formulation mechanism of microspheres via internal surfactant distribution. Eudragit L100 based microspheres loaded with bovine serum albumin were prepared by solid in oil in oil emulsion solvent evaporation method using acetone and liquid paraffin system containing sucrose stearate as a surfactant. The fabricated microspheres were evaluated for encapsulation efficiency, particle size, production yield, and in vitro release characteristics. The internal structures of microspheres were characterized using synchrotron radiation X-ray microcomputed tomography(SR-μCT). The enhanced contrast made the sucrose stearate distinguished from Eudragit to have its three dimensional(3D) distribution. Results indicated that the content and concentration determined the state of sucrose stearate and had significant influences on the release kinetics of protein. The dispersity of sucrose stearate was the primary factor that controlled the structure of the microspheres and further affected the encapsulation efficiency, effective drug loading, as well as in vitro release behavior. In conclusion, the 3D internal distribution of surfactant in microspheres and its effects on protein release behaviors have been revealed for the first time. The highly resolved 3D architecture provides new evidence for the deep understanding of the microsphere formation mechanism.展开更多
This article summarizes the developments of experimental techniques for high pressure x-ray diffraction(XRD) in diamond anvil cells(DACs) using synchrotron radiation. Basic principles and experimental methods for ...This article summarizes the developments of experimental techniques for high pressure x-ray diffraction(XRD) in diamond anvil cells(DACs) using synchrotron radiation. Basic principles and experimental methods for various diffraction geometry are described, including powder diffraction, single crystal diffraction, radial diffraction, as well as coupling with laser heating system. Resolution in d-spacing of different diffraction modes is discussed. More recent progress, such as extended application of single crystal diffraction for measurements of multigrain and electron density distribution, timeresolved diffraction with dynamic DAC and development of modulated heating techniques are briefly introduced. The current status of the high pressure beamline at BSRF(Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility) and some results are also presented.展开更多
1 Introduction Annually laminated(varve)sedimentary deposits are considered as one of the most important archives,since they offer precise temporal information(years)in combination with high time resolutions.Bottom se...1 Introduction Annually laminated(varve)sedimentary deposits are considered as one of the most important archives,since they offer precise temporal information(years)in combination with high time resolutions.Bottom sediments of the lakes contain detailed geochemical information on展开更多
This paper reports that at a newly constructed small-angle x-ray scattering station of Beijing Synchrotron Radia- tion Facility, the topological shape of ligand-free bovine serum albumin in solution has been investiga...This paper reports that at a newly constructed small-angle x-ray scattering station of Beijing Synchrotron Radia- tion Facility, the topological shape of ligand-free bovine serum albumin in solution has been investigated. An appropriate scattering curve is obtained and the calculated value of the gyration radius is 31.2~=t=0.25 ~_ (11=0.1 nm) which is co- incident with other ones' results. It finds that the low-resolution structure models obtained by making use of ab initio reconstruction methods are fitting the crystal structure of human serum albumin very well. All of these results perform the potential of the beamline to apply to structural biology studies. The characteristics, the defects, and the improving measures of the station in future are also discussed.展开更多
Objective: Phase-contrast X-ray imaging which reduces radiation exposure, is a promising technique for observing the inner structures of biological soft tissues without the aid of contrast agents. The present study in...Objective: Phase-contrast X-ray imaging which reduces radiation exposure, is a promising technique for observing the inner structures of biological soft tissues without the aid of contrast agents. The present study intends to depict blood vessels of rabbits and human livers with hard X-ray in-line outline imaging without contrast agents using synchrotron radiation. Methods: All samples were fixed with formalin and sliced into 6 mm sections. The imaging experiments were performed with Fuji-IX80 films on the 4W1A light beam of the first generation synchrotron radiation in Beijing, China. The device of the experiment, which supplies a maximum light spot size of 20×10 mm was similar to that of in-line holography. The photon energy was set at 8 KeV and high quality imagines were obtained by altering the distance between the sample and the film. Results: The trees of rabbit-liver blood vessels and the curved vessels of the cirrhotic human liver were revealed on the images, where vessels < 20 μm in diameter were differentiated. Conclusion: These results show that the blood vessels of liver samples can be revealed by using hard X-ray in-line outline imaging with the first generation synchrotron radiation without contrast agents.展开更多
The x-ray compound lens is a novel refractive x-ray optical device. This paper reports the authors' recent research on a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) compound x-ray lens. Firstly the designing and LIGA fabricatio...The x-ray compound lens is a novel refractive x-ray optical device. This paper reports the authors' recent research on a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) compound x-ray lens. Firstly the designing and LIGA fabrication process for the PMMA compound x-ray lens are briefly described. Then, a method for theoretical analysis, as well as the experimental system for measurement is also introduced. Finally, the focusing spots for 8keV monochromatic x-rays by the PMMA compound x-ray lens are measured and analysed. According to the experimental results, it is concluded that the PMMA compound x-ray lens promises a good focusing performance under the high-energy x-rays.展开更多
Synchrotron radiation based experimental techniques known as Anomalous Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (ASAXS) provide deep insight into the nanostructure of uncountable material systems in condensed matter research i.e....Synchrotron radiation based experimental techniques known as Anomalous Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (ASAXS) provide deep insight into the nanostructure of uncountable material systems in condensed matter research i.e. solid state physics, chemistry, engineering and life sciences thereby rendering the origin of the macroscopic functionalization of the various materials via correlation to its structural architecture on a nanometer length scale. The techniques constitute a system of linear equations, which can be treated by matrix theory. The study aims to analyze the significance of the solutions of the stated matrix equations by use of the so-called condition numbers first introduced by A. Turing, J. von Neumann and H. Goldstine. Special attention was given for the comparison with direct methods i.e. the Gaussian elimination method. The mathematical roots of ill-posed ASAXS equations preventing matrix inversion have been identified. In the framework of the theory of von Neumann and Goldstine the inversion of certain matrices constituted by ASAXS gradually becomes impossible caused by non-definiteness. In Turing’s theory which starts from more general prerequisites, the principal minors of the same matrices approach singularity thereby imposing large errors on inversion. In conclusion both theories recommend for extremely ill-posed ASAXS problems avoiding inversion and the use of direct methods for instance Gaussian elimination.展开更多
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide,and effective treatment strategies in the chronic phase of this disease remain insufficient.Homeostasis of metals in the brain plays an important role in...Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide,and effective treatment strategies in the chronic phase of this disease remain insufficient.Homeostasis of metals in the brain plays an important role in maintaining normal brain function.However,the dynamic spatial distributions of iron,zinc,calcium,potassium,and copper in a rat brain following ischemic stroke and the association between structural distribution and function remain to be elucidated.In this study,we used a synchrotron radiation-based micro-X-ray fluorescence technique to image element mapping changes in special rat brain regions after ischemic stroke,showing the distribution characteristics of iron,zinc,calcium,potassium,and copper.We demonstrated,for the first time,the consistent dynamic spatial distributions of metal elements at a series of time points(3 h,4.5 h,6 h,12 h,1 d,3 d,5 d,7 d,10 d,14 d,28 d)after brain ischemia,which revealed that the homeostasis of iron,zinc,calcium,potassium,and copper in the brain was disturbed with distinctive change trends,providing clear insights in understanding the underlying pathogenesis of stroke from a novel perspective,thus laying the foundation of further developing new drug targets for stroke treatment.展开更多
A new X-ray imaging and biomedical application beamline(BL13HB)has been implemented at the Shanghai Radiation Synchrotron Facility(SSRF)as an upgrade to the old X-ray imaging and biomedical application beamline(BL13W1...A new X-ray imaging and biomedical application beamline(BL13HB)has been implemented at the Shanghai Radiation Synchrotron Facility(SSRF)as an upgrade to the old X-ray imaging and biomedical application beamline(BL13W1).This is part of the Phase II construction project of the SSRF.The BL13HB is dedicated to 2D and 3D static and dynamic X-ray imaging,with a field of view of up to 48.5 mm×5.2 mm and spatial resolution as high as 0.8μm.A super-bending magnet is used as the X-ray source in BL13HB,which has a maximum magnetic field of 2.293 T.The energy range of monochromatic X-ray photons from a double-multiplayer monochromator was 8–40 keV,and the white beam mode was provided on the beamline for dynamic X-ray imaging and dynamic X-ray micro-CT.While maintaining the previous experimental setup of BL13W1,new equipment was added to the beamline experimental station.The beamline is equipped with different sets of X-ray imaging detectors for several experimental methods such as micro-CT,dynamic micro-CT,and pair distribution function.The experimental station of BL13HB is designed specifically for various in situ dynamic experiments,and BL13HB has been open to users since June 2021.展开更多
We report on using synthetic silicon for a high-precision X-ray polarimeter comprising a polarizer and an analyzer,each based on a monolithic channel-cut crystal used at multiple Brewster reflections with a Bragg angl...We report on using synthetic silicon for a high-precision X-ray polarimeter comprising a polarizer and an analyzer,each based on a monolithic channel-cut crystal used at multiple Brewster reflections with a Bragg angle very close to 45°.Experiments were performed at the BL09B bending magnet beamline of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility using a Si(800)crystal at an X-ray energy of 12.914 keV.A polarization purity of 8.4×10^(-9)was measured.This result is encouraging,as the measured polarization purity is the best-reported value for the bending magnet source.Notably,this is the firstly systematic study on the hard X-ray polarimeter in China,which is crucial for exploring new physics,such as verifying vacuum birefringence.展开更多
Coal seam CO_(2) sequestration is an important option to address global warming.A better knowledge on coal pore structure evolution during gas adsorption can provide guidance for coal seams CO_(2) seques-tration.Howev...Coal seam CO_(2) sequestration is an important option to address global warming.A better knowledge on coal pore structure evolution during gas adsorption can provide guidance for coal seams CO_(2) seques-tration.However,few investigations on the pore structure evolution differences between the deep and shallow coal were conducted during gas adsorption.In this study,based on the real-time synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS)observation,the average pore diameter and pore surface fractal dimension evolution differences between deep and shallow coal were investigated from the as-pects of coal compositions and stress history.Two types of coal deformation(inner-swelling and outer-swelling)coexist during gas adsorption.Coal compositions have significant impact on the dominance of deformation type.The dominance of inner-swelling in deep coal is induced by the higher ash contents,and there is the decrease of average pore diameter during gas adsorption.The impact of stress-history(burial depth)on adsorption-induced deformation is more prominent than that of gas adsorption ca-pacity.In deep coal,the surface fractal dimension evolution presents a negative correlation with the evolution of pore diameters.In shallow coal,the surface fractal dimension evolution presents a Langmuir-type correlation with the adsorption time.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12205360)Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research-Chinese Academy of Science,Shanghai Branch(No.JCYJ-SHFY-2021-010).
文摘This study presents a new method for characterizing the thermal lattice deformation of a monochromator with high precision under service conditions and first reports the operando measurements of nanoscale thermal lattice deformation on a double-crystal monochromator at different incident powers.The nanoscale thermal lattice deformation of the monochromator first crystal was obtained by analyzing the intensity of the distorted DuMond diagrams.DuMond diagrams of the 333 diffraction index,sensitive to lattice deformation,were obtained directly using a 2D detector and an analyzer crystal orthogonal to the monochromator.With increasing incident power and power density,the maximum height of the lattice deformation increased from 3.2 to 18.5 nm,and the deformation coefficient of the maximum height increased from 1.1 to 3.2 nm/W.The maximum relative standard deviation was 4.2%,and the maximum standard deviation was 0.1 nm.Based on the measured thermal deformations,the flux saturation phenomenon and critical point for the linear operation of the monochromator were predicted with increasing incident power.This study provides a simple solution to the problem of the lower precision of synchrotron radiation monochromator characterizations compared to simulations.
基金supported by the Jordan University of Science and Technology(Grant No.20180167)the SESAME Synchrotron Center Jordan(Grant No.20185004)。
文摘The relative intensities of L-subshell x-ray fluorescence(XRF)for elements with atomic numbers 62≤Z≤83 were measured at two excitation energies,18 keV and 23 keV,using a synchrotron radiation source at a beamline of the Synchrotron Light Center for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East(SESAME),Jordan.The experimentally measured results of the relative intensities were compared with the calculated results using the subshell fluorescence yield and the Coster-Kronig transition probabilities recommended by Campbell and the values based on the Dirac-Hartree-Slater model by Puri.The experimental and theoretical results are in agreement.In this work,L XRF relative intensities for the elements Sm,Gd,Tb,Er,Ta,W,Re,Hg,Pb and Bi at energies of 18 keV and 23 keV were measured.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFA0405802)the Shanghai Large Scientific Facilities Center.
文摘The construction of a new beamline,BL10U1,was completed at the Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility in 2020.This multipurpose beamline was designed to provide X-ray scattering techniques such as ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering(USAXS),small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS),wide-angle X-ray scattering,and microfocus SAXS(μSAXS)for a broad user community.To realize fast time-resolved USAXS experiments,the beamline adopted an in-vacuum undulator with a total length of 1.6 m as the photon source.An in-house cryogenic-cooled double multilayer monochromator was installed to deliver a photon flux of approximately 10^(13) photons/s at a photon energy of 10 keV.The three-year successful operation of this beamline demonstrated that the monochromator operated smoothly,as expected.BL10U1 has three end stations in succession:USAXS end station,μSAXS end station,and end station for industrial applications.The minimum scattering vector q~0.0042 nm^(-1) at 10 keV can be achieved at the USAXS end station equipped with a 28 m-long and 1.8 m-diameter vacuum flight tube.At theμSAXS end station,a beam spot of less than 10×8μm was achieved for micro-SAXS experiments.In contrast,in situ experimental instruments up to 5 m high and 8 m wide can be mounted at the industrial application end station,which offers industrial scientists the opportunity to use their large industrial equipment.BL10U1 opens up a new capability to investigate phenomena such as non-equilibrium and dynamic processes of materials with a wide length scale from angstroms to micrometers with millisecond time resolution.In this paper,we also report beamline design considerations and commissioning results.
基金National Key Research and Development Program(No.2021YFA1601000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12175294)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,China(No.21ZR1471500).
文摘The hard X-ray nanoprobe beamline BL13U is a phase-Ⅱ beamline project at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility.The beamline aims to enable comprehensive experiments at high spatial resolutions ranging from 50 to 10 nm. The X-ray energy range of the beamline, 5–25 keV, can detect most elements in the periodic table. Two operating modes were designed to accommodate the experimental requirements of high-energy resolution or high photon flux, respectively. X-ray nanofluorescence, nanodiffraction, and coherent diffraction imaging are developed as the main experimental techniques for BL13U. This paper describes the beamline optics, end station configurations, experimental methods under development, and preliminary test results. This comprehensive overview aims to provide a clear understanding of the beamline capabilities and potential applications.
文摘The layout and characteristics of the hard X-ray spectroscopy beamline(BL11B)at the Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility are described herein.BL11B is a bending-magnet beamline dedicated to conventional and millisecond-scale quick-scanning X-ray absorption fine structures.It is equipped with a cylindrical collimating mirror,a double-crystal monochromator comprising Si(111)and Si(311),a channel-cut quick-scanning Si(111)monochromator,a toroidal focusing mirror,and a high harmonics rejection mirror.It can provide 5-30 keV of X-rays with a photon flux of~5×10^(11)photons/s and an energy resolution of~1.31×10^(-4)at 10 keV.The performance of the beamline can satisfy the demands of users in the fields of catalysis,materials,and environmental science.This paper presents an overview of the beamline design and a detailed description of its performance and capabilities.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12334010,42274121).
文摘The ultrahard X-ray multifunctional application beamline(BL12SW)is a phase-II beamline project at the Shanghai Syn-chrotron Radiation Facility.The primary X-ray techniques used at the beamline are high-energy X-ray diffraction and imaging using white and monochromatic light.The main scientific objectives of ultrahard X-ray beamlines are focused on two research areas.One is the study of the structural properties of Earth’s interior and new materials under extreme high-temperature and high-pressure conditions,and the other is the characterization of materials and processes in near-real service environments.The beamline utilizes a superconducting wiggler as the light source,with two diamond windows and SiC discs to filter out low-energy light(primarily below 30 keV)and a Cu filter assembly to control the thermal load entering the subsequent optical components.The beamline is equipped with dual monochromators.The first was a meridional bending Laue monochromator cooled by liquid nitrogen,achieving a full-energy coverage of 30-162 keV.The second was a sagittal bending Laue monochromator installed in an external building,providing a focused beam in the horizontal direction with an energy range of 60-120 keV.There were four experimental hutches:two large-volume press experimental hutches(LVP1 and LVP2)and two engineering material experimental hutches(ENG1 and ENG2).Each hutch was equipped with various near-real service conditions to satisfy different requirements.For example,LVP1 and LVP2 were equipped with a 200-ton DDIA press and a 2000-ton dual-mode(DDIA and Kawai)press,respectively.ENG1 and ENG2 provide in situ tensile,creep,and fatigue tests as well as high-temperature conditions.Since June 2023,the BL12SW has been in trial operation.It is expected to officially open to users by early 2024.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51004018)
文摘The aging behavior of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloys with high Cu/Mg was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) using synchrotron radiation. TEM study reveals that the major strengthening phases of the alloy after aging at 160?C for 10 h are Ω and less θ′. SAXS study shows that the scattering patterns are composed of several concentric circles at the beginning of aging process, which is replaced by the butterfly-wings scattering patterns with the increase of aging time. The butterfly-wings scattering patterns are composed of several branches. The angles between the branches are roughly equal to that between the habit planes of precipitates. The evolution of Guinier radius with aging time indicates the good coarsening resistance of the precipitates. The evolution of integrated intensity is consistent with the classical two-step precipitation process.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11179010 and 11075017 )the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,China (Grant No. 1102019)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20100003120010)
文摘According to intensity distribution of the synchrotron radiation source focused by a toroidal mirror at the Beijing synchrotron radiation biological macromolecule station, theoretical modeling of the Beijing synchrotron radiation source is developed for capillary optics. Using this theoretical modeling, the influences of the configuration curve of the polycapillary X-ray lens on transmission efficiency and working distance are analyzed. The experimental results of the transmission efficiency and working distance at the biological macromolecule station are in good agreement with the theoretical results.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41072006,40772008)the Research Fund for Doctoral Program of High Education(Grant No.20060001059)State Key Laboratory of Paleobiology,and Stratigraphy,Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.103102)
文摘In the light of Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Tomographic Microscopy (SRXTM), the internal structure of Markuelia hunanensis is revealed. In one example, vitrification and peeling show the annuli hidden under the chorion. Sectioning and 3-D reconstruction display an intact digestive tract from the inverted introvert to the terminal anus. The inverted introvert forms a rugby cavum. The following digestive tract is rope-like coiling, parallel to the body axis, about 650 μm in length, and uniform in diameter (-80 μm). An exquisitely preserved pipe-like structure is hidden in the middle of the rope-like structure, diameter 20--40 lam, with a length of -120 μm. We interpret this pipe-like structure as the possible epidermis of the gut and its surroundings as the possible residue of musculature, similar to that in Priapulans. The two symmetrical rod-shape structures connecting the body wall and digestive tract are interpreted as the possible retractor muscles. After comparing the well preserved Left-form and Right-form Body of Markuelia, we suggest that they may represent a dimorphism. Counted directly, one sample of Markuelia hunanensis possesses 62 annulations and the other 68.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81430087)the National Science and Technology Major Project(2013ZX09402103)
文摘This study investigated the formulation mechanism of microspheres via internal surfactant distribution. Eudragit L100 based microspheres loaded with bovine serum albumin were prepared by solid in oil in oil emulsion solvent evaporation method using acetone and liquid paraffin system containing sucrose stearate as a surfactant. The fabricated microspheres were evaluated for encapsulation efficiency, particle size, production yield, and in vitro release characteristics. The internal structures of microspheres were characterized using synchrotron radiation X-ray microcomputed tomography(SR-μCT). The enhanced contrast made the sucrose stearate distinguished from Eudragit to have its three dimensional(3D) distribution. Results indicated that the content and concentration determined the state of sucrose stearate and had significant influences on the release kinetics of protein. The dispersity of sucrose stearate was the primary factor that controlled the structure of the microspheres and further affected the encapsulation efficiency, effective drug loading, as well as in vitro release behavior. In conclusion, the 3D internal distribution of surfactant in microspheres and its effects on protein release behaviors have been revealed for the first time. The highly resolved 3D architecture provides new evidence for the deep understanding of the microsphere formation mechanism.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.10875142,11079040,and 11075175)The 4W2 beamline of BSRF was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.KJCX2-SW-N20,KJCX2-SW-N03,and SYGNS04)
文摘This article summarizes the developments of experimental techniques for high pressure x-ray diffraction(XRD) in diamond anvil cells(DACs) using synchrotron radiation. Basic principles and experimental methods for various diffraction geometry are described, including powder diffraction, single crystal diffraction, radial diffraction, as well as coupling with laser heating system. Resolution in d-spacing of different diffraction modes is discussed. More recent progress, such as extended application of single crystal diffraction for measurements of multigrain and electron density distribution, timeresolved diffraction with dynamic DAC and development of modulated heating techniques are briefly introduced. The current status of the high pressure beamline at BSRF(Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility) and some results are also presented.
基金supported by the RFBR projects 13-05-00871,14-02-00631
文摘1 Introduction Annually laminated(varve)sedimentary deposits are considered as one of the most important archives,since they offer precise temporal information(years)in combination with high time resolutions.Bottom sediments of the lakes contain detailed geochemical information on
基金Project supported by the Chinese Academy of Science Innovation Key Project (Grant No KJCX2-SW-N06)
文摘This paper reports that at a newly constructed small-angle x-ray scattering station of Beijing Synchrotron Radia- tion Facility, the topological shape of ligand-free bovine serum albumin in solution has been investigated. An appropriate scattering curve is obtained and the calculated value of the gyration radius is 31.2~=t=0.25 ~_ (11=0.1 nm) which is co- incident with other ones' results. It finds that the low-resolution structure models obtained by making use of ab initio reconstruction methods are fitting the crystal structure of human serum albumin very well. All of these results perform the potential of the beamline to apply to structural biology studies. The characteristics, the defects, and the improving measures of the station in future are also discussed.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (10275087)Shanghai Optic Science Fund (022261023)Shanghai Natural Science Fund (02ZF14116)
文摘Objective: Phase-contrast X-ray imaging which reduces radiation exposure, is a promising technique for observing the inner structures of biological soft tissues without the aid of contrast agents. The present study intends to depict blood vessels of rabbits and human livers with hard X-ray in-line outline imaging without contrast agents using synchrotron radiation. Methods: All samples were fixed with formalin and sliced into 6 mm sections. The imaging experiments were performed with Fuji-IX80 films on the 4W1A light beam of the first generation synchrotron radiation in Beijing, China. The device of the experiment, which supplies a maximum light spot size of 20×10 mm was similar to that of in-line holography. The photon energy was set at 8 KeV and high quality imagines were obtained by altering the distance between the sample and the film. Results: The trees of rabbit-liver blood vessels and the curved vessels of the cirrhotic human liver were revealed on the images, where vessels < 20 μm in diameter were differentiated. Conclusion: These results show that the blood vessels of liver samples can be revealed by using hard X-ray in-line outline imaging with the first generation synchrotron radiation without contrast agents.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10174079), the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China (Grant No Y104203) and BEPC National Laboratory (Grant No sr-03062).
文摘The x-ray compound lens is a novel refractive x-ray optical device. This paper reports the authors' recent research on a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) compound x-ray lens. Firstly the designing and LIGA fabrication process for the PMMA compound x-ray lens are briefly described. Then, a method for theoretical analysis, as well as the experimental system for measurement is also introduced. Finally, the focusing spots for 8keV monochromatic x-rays by the PMMA compound x-ray lens are measured and analysed. According to the experimental results, it is concluded that the PMMA compound x-ray lens promises a good focusing performance under the high-energy x-rays.
文摘Synchrotron radiation based experimental techniques known as Anomalous Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (ASAXS) provide deep insight into the nanostructure of uncountable material systems in condensed matter research i.e. solid state physics, chemistry, engineering and life sciences thereby rendering the origin of the macroscopic functionalization of the various materials via correlation to its structural architecture on a nanometer length scale. The techniques constitute a system of linear equations, which can be treated by matrix theory. The study aims to analyze the significance of the solutions of the stated matrix equations by use of the so-called condition numbers first introduced by A. Turing, J. von Neumann and H. Goldstine. Special attention was given for the comparison with direct methods i.e. the Gaussian elimination method. The mathematical roots of ill-posed ASAXS equations preventing matrix inversion have been identified. In the framework of the theory of von Neumann and Goldstine the inversion of certain matrices constituted by ASAXS gradually becomes impossible caused by non-definiteness. In Turing’s theory which starts from more general prerequisites, the principal minors of the same matrices approach singularity thereby imposing large errors on inversion. In conclusion both theories recommend for extremely ill-posed ASAXS problems avoiding inversion and the use of direct methods for instance Gaussian elimination.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81501025)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Nos.2020JJ4134 and 2016JJ3174).
文摘Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide,and effective treatment strategies in the chronic phase of this disease remain insufficient.Homeostasis of metals in the brain plays an important role in maintaining normal brain function.However,the dynamic spatial distributions of iron,zinc,calcium,potassium,and copper in a rat brain following ischemic stroke and the association between structural distribution and function remain to be elucidated.In this study,we used a synchrotron radiation-based micro-X-ray fluorescence technique to image element mapping changes in special rat brain regions after ischemic stroke,showing the distribution characteristics of iron,zinc,calcium,potassium,and copper.We demonstrated,for the first time,the consistent dynamic spatial distributions of metal elements at a series of time points(3 h,4.5 h,6 h,12 h,1 d,3 d,5 d,7 d,10 d,14 d,28 d)after brain ischemia,which revealed that the homeostasis of iron,zinc,calcium,potassium,and copper in the brain was disturbed with distinctive change trends,providing clear insights in understanding the underlying pathogenesis of stroke from a novel perspective,thus laying the foundation of further developing new drug targets for stroke treatment.
基金supported by the National Major Scientific Instruments and Equipment Development Project of China(No.11627901)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2021YFF0701202 and 2021YFA1600703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1932205,12275343)。
文摘A new X-ray imaging and biomedical application beamline(BL13HB)has been implemented at the Shanghai Radiation Synchrotron Facility(SSRF)as an upgrade to the old X-ray imaging and biomedical application beamline(BL13W1).This is part of the Phase II construction project of the SSRF.The BL13HB is dedicated to 2D and 3D static and dynamic X-ray imaging,with a field of view of up to 48.5 mm×5.2 mm and spatial resolution as high as 0.8μm.A super-bending magnet is used as the X-ray source in BL13HB,which has a maximum magnetic field of 2.293 T.The energy range of monochromatic X-ray photons from a double-multiplayer monochromator was 8–40 keV,and the white beam mode was provided on the beamline for dynamic X-ray imaging and dynamic X-ray micro-CT.While maintaining the previous experimental setup of BL13W1,new equipment was added to the beamline experimental station.The beamline is equipped with different sets of X-ray imaging detectors for several experimental methods such as micro-CT,dynamic micro-CT,and pair distribution function.The experimental station of BL13HB is designed specifically for various in situ dynamic experiments,and BL13HB has been open to users since June 2021.
基金supported by the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(No.2017SHZDZX02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12205360)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2018297)。
文摘We report on using synthetic silicon for a high-precision X-ray polarimeter comprising a polarizer and an analyzer,each based on a monolithic channel-cut crystal used at multiple Brewster reflections with a Bragg angle very close to 45°.Experiments were performed at the BL09B bending magnet beamline of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility using a Si(800)crystal at an X-ray energy of 12.914 keV.A polarization purity of 8.4×10^(-9)was measured.This result is encouraging,as the measured polarization purity is the best-reported value for the bending magnet source.Notably,this is the firstly systematic study on the hard X-ray polarimeter in China,which is crucial for exploring new physics,such as verifying vacuum birefringence.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant Nos.U1910206,52004293,52225402)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (grant No.8232057)+4 种基金the Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Coal and CBM Co-mining (grant No.2022KF21)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (grant No.FRF-TP-20-034A1)the Open Project Program of Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering (Sichuan University)Ministry of Education (grant No.DESE 202004)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (grant No.2018M641526).
文摘Coal seam CO_(2) sequestration is an important option to address global warming.A better knowledge on coal pore structure evolution during gas adsorption can provide guidance for coal seams CO_(2) seques-tration.However,few investigations on the pore structure evolution differences between the deep and shallow coal were conducted during gas adsorption.In this study,based on the real-time synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS)observation,the average pore diameter and pore surface fractal dimension evolution differences between deep and shallow coal were investigated from the as-pects of coal compositions and stress history.Two types of coal deformation(inner-swelling and outer-swelling)coexist during gas adsorption.Coal compositions have significant impact on the dominance of deformation type.The dominance of inner-swelling in deep coal is induced by the higher ash contents,and there is the decrease of average pore diameter during gas adsorption.The impact of stress-history(burial depth)on adsorption-induced deformation is more prominent than that of gas adsorption ca-pacity.In deep coal,the surface fractal dimension evolution presents a negative correlation with the evolution of pore diameters.In shallow coal,the surface fractal dimension evolution presents a Langmuir-type correlation with the adsorption time.