The exploration of sustainable energy utilization requires the imple-mentation of advanced electrochemical devices for efficient energy conversion and storage,which are enabled by the usage of cost-effective,high-perf...The exploration of sustainable energy utilization requires the imple-mentation of advanced electrochemical devices for efficient energy conversion and storage,which are enabled by the usage of cost-effective,high-performance electro-catalysts.Currently,heterogeneous atomically dispersed catalysts are considered as potential candidates for a wide range of applications.Compared to conventional cata-lysts,atomically dispersed metal atoms in carbon-based catalysts have more unsatu-rated coordination sites,quantum size effect,and strong metal-support interactions,resulting in exceptional catalytic activity.Of these,dual-atomic catalysts(DACs)have attracted extensive attention due to the additional synergistic effect between two adja-cent metal atoms.DACs have the advantages of full active site exposure,high selectiv-ity,theoretical 100%atom utilization,and the ability to break the scaling relationship of adsorption free energy on active sites.In this review,we summarize recent research advancement of DACs,which includes(1)the comprehensive understanding of the synergy between atomic pairs;(2)the synthesis of DACs;(3)characterization meth-ods,especially aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and synchrotron spectroscopy;and(4)electrochemical energy-related applications.The last part focuses on great potential for the electrochemical catalysis of energy-related small molecules,such as oxygen reduction reaction,CO_(2) reduction reaction,hydrogen evolution reaction,and N_(2) reduction reaction.The future research challenges and opportunities are also raised in prospective section.展开更多
Deep degradation of organic pollutants by sunlight-induced coupled photocatalytic and Fenton (photo-Fenton) reactions is of immense importance for water purification. In this work, we report a novel bifunctional catal...Deep degradation of organic pollutants by sunlight-induced coupled photocatalytic and Fenton (photo-Fenton) reactions is of immense importance for water purification. In this work, we report a novel bifunctional catalyst (Fe-PEI-CN) by codoping graphitic carbon nitride (CN) with polyethyleneimine ethoxylated (PEI) and Fe species, which demonstrated high activity during p-chlorophenol (p-ClPhOH) degradation via H_(2)O_(2) from the photocatalytic process. The relationship between the catalytic efficiency and the structure was explored using diff erent characterization methods. The Fe modification of CN was achieved through Fe-N coordination, which ensured high dispersion of Fe species and strong stability against leaching during liquid- phase reactions. The Fe modification initiated the Fenton reaction by activating H_(2)O_(2) into ·OH radicals for deep degradation of p-ClPhOH. In addition, it eff ectively promoted light absorption and photoelectron-hole (e-h ^(+) ) separation, corresponding to improved photocatalytic activity. On the other hand, PEI could significantly improve the ability of CN to generate H_(2)O_(2) through visible light photocatalysis. The maximum H_(2)O_(2) yield reached up to 102.6 μmol/L, which was 22 times higher than that of primitive CN. The cooperation of photocatalysis and the self-Fenton reaction has led to high-activity mineralizing organic pollutants with strong durability, indicating good potential for practical application in wastewater treatment.展开更多
The effect and mechanism of ultrasound and CaF_(2) on vanadium leaching from vanadium-bearing shale were investigated systematically.In consideration of the enhancement for vanadium recovery,the combination of ultraso...The effect and mechanism of ultrasound and CaF_(2) on vanadium leaching from vanadium-bearing shale were investigated systematically.In consideration of the enhancement for vanadium recovery,the combination of ultrasound and CaF_(2)(66.28%) exerts more evident effects than ultrasound(26.97%) and CaF_(2)(60.35%) alone,demonstrating the synergetic effect of ultrasound and CaF_(2).Kinetic analysis manifests that the product layer diffusion controls vanadium leaching in ultrasound system without CaF_(2),however product layer diffusion and interfacial reaction is the rate-controlling step for vanadium leaching in other three leaching systems.The combination of ultrasound and CaF_(2) notably decreases the activation energy(E_(a)) from 62.03 to 27.61 kJ/mol,nevertheless individual CaF_(2) only reduces the E_(a) to 50.70 kj/mol.X-ray diffraction and fourier transform infrared spectrometer analyses show that the decomposition degree of the vanadium-bearing mica structure is the most significant in ultrasound and CaF_(2) system,proving the highest release degree of vanadium.Specific surface area and pore distribution combined with scanning electron microscope analyses reveal that the action of ultrasound and CaF_(2) would provide higher specific surface area,more abundant pores structure and cracks for the particles,which further prompts the rapid diffusion of H^(+),F^(-)and HF,and achieves the conspicuous improvement of vanadium leaching recovery.展开更多
Synergetic effects for p-nitrophenol degradation were observed in the combination of two-advanced oxidation processes, UV/Fe3+ and electrocatalysis. The enhancement of removal rate for p-nitrophenol and COD was aroun...Synergetic effects for p-nitrophenol degradation were observed in the combination of two-advanced oxidation processes, UV/Fe3+ and electrocatalysis. The enhancement of removal rate for p-nitrophenol and COD was around 123% and 278%, respectively. The possible contributions for the synergetic effects were the electrochemically regeneration of ferric ion and the role of the oxygen that formed on the anode.展开更多
An evidence for the synergetic effect between the stacked bed of Mo/γ-Al2O3 and Ni/γ-Al2O3 in the hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) reaction of quinoline has been provided in this paper. The synergism factor decreases wh...An evidence for the synergetic effect between the stacked bed of Mo/γ-Al2O3 and Ni/γ-Al2O3 in the hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) reaction of quinoline has been provided in this paper. The synergism factor decreases when the reaction temperature increases (280?340 ?C). The synergetic effect leads to improve the hydrogenation activity for the stacked bed compared with the single Mo/γ-Al2O3 bed, which may be attributed to the generation of hydrogen spillover on the Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst.展开更多
Porous photocatalysts are promising materials capable of simultaneously adsorbing and oxidizing/reducing target species,showing great potentials in environmental remediation and energy generation.This review offered a...Porous photocatalysts are promising materials capable of simultaneously adsorbing and oxidizing/reducing target species,showing great potentials in environmental remediation and energy generation.This review offered a comprehensive overview of the recent progress in design,fabrication,and applications of porous photocatalysts,including carbon-based semiconductors,metal oxides/sulfides,metal–organic frameworks,and adsorbent–photocatalyst hybrids.The fundamental understanding of the structure–performance relationships of porous materials together with the in-depth insights into the synergetic effects between adsorption and photocatalysis was presented.The strategies to further improve the photocatalytic activity of porous photocatalysts were proposed.This review would provide references and outlooks of constructing efficient porous materials for adsorptive and photocatalytic removal of pollutants and energy production.展开更多
Objective To introduce synergetic inactivation of microorganisms in drinking water by short-term free chlorination for less than 15 minutes followed by monochloramination. Methods Indicator microorganisms such as Esch...Objective To introduce synergetic inactivation of microorganisms in drinking water by short-term free chlorination for less than 15 minutes followed by monochloramination. Methods Indicator microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and spores of Bacillus subtilis were used to assess the efficiency of sequential chlorination and free chlorination. Results The sequential chlorination was more efficient in inactivating these microorganisms than free chlorination, indicating that synergy was provided by free chlorine and monochloramine. Ammonia addition time, temperature and pH had influences on this synergy. Conclusion The possible mechanism of this synergy might involve three aspects: free chlorine causing sublethal injury to microorganisms and monochloramine further inactivating them; different ability of free chlorine and monochloramine to penetrate and inactivate microorganism congeries; and higher concentration of residual chlorine in sequential chlorination than in free chlorination.展开更多
The effects of NaA1H4, TiF3 and NaA1H4-TiF3 co-additive on dehydriding reaction of Mg(A1H4)2 are systematically investigated. The on- set dehydrogenation temperature of the co-doped Mg(A1H4)2 composites decreased ...The effects of NaA1H4, TiF3 and NaA1H4-TiF3 co-additive on dehydriding reaction of Mg(A1H4)2 are systematically investigated. The on- set dehydrogenation temperature of the co-doped Mg(A1H4)2 composites decreased to 74 ℃, which is about 59 ℃ lower than that of pure Mg(A1H4)2. The dehydrogenation kinetics of NaA1H4-TiF3 co-doped Mg(A1H4)2 sample was also improved, which released about 94% hydrogen within 48 min, but no visible hydrogen was released from pure Mg(A1H4)2 under the same conditions. The activation energy of co-doped Mg(A1H4)2 was 85.6 kJ.mol-t, which was significantly lower than that of additive-free Mg(A1H4)2 sample. The synergetic effects of NaA1H4 and TiF3 on the dehydrogenation performance of Mg(A1H4)2 were confirmed. In addition, a possible catalytic mechanism is discussed, regarding the different roles of NaA1H4 and TiF3 on Mg(A1H4)2.展开更多
Diffusion has been systematically described as the main mechanism of chloride transport in reinforced concrete(RC) structure, especially when the concrete is in a saturated state. However, the single mechanism of di...Diffusion has been systematically described as the main mechanism of chloride transport in reinforced concrete(RC) structure, especially when the concrete is in a saturated state. However, the single mechanism of diffusion is not able to describe the actual chloride ingress in the nonsaturated concrete. Instead, it is dominated by the interaction of diffusion and convection. With the synergetic effects of various factors taken into account, this study aimed to modify and develop an analytical convection- diffusion coupling model for chloride transport in nonsaturated concrete. The model was verified by simulation of laboratory tests and field measurement. The results of comparison study demonstrate that the analytical model developed in this study is efficient and accurate in predicting the chloride profiles in the nonsaturated concrete.展开更多
Direct alcohol fuel cells(DAFCs)are powered by the alcohol electro-oxidation reaction(AOR),where an electrocatalyst with an optimal electronic structure can accelerate the sluggish AOR.Interestingly,strain engineering...Direct alcohol fuel cells(DAFCs)are powered by the alcohol electro-oxidation reaction(AOR),where an electrocatalyst with an optimal electronic structure can accelerate the sluggish AOR.Interestingly,strain engineering in hetero-catalysis offers a promising route to boost their catalytic activity.Herein,we report on a class of monodispersed ultrathin twisty PdBi alloy nanowires(TNWs)assemblies with face-centered structures that drive AORs.These thin nanowire structures expose a large number of reactive sites.Strikingly,Pd_(6)Bi_(1)TNWs show an excellent current density of 2066,3047,and 1231 mA mg_(Pd)^(-1)for oxidation of ethanol,ethylene glycol,and glycerol,respectively.The“volcano-like”behaviors observed on PdBi TNWs for AORs indicate that the maximum catalytic mass activity is a well balance between active intermediates and blocking species at the interface.This study offers an effective and universal method to build novel nanocatalysts in various applications by rationally designing highly efficient catalysts with specific strain.展开更多
Engineering the specific active sites of photocatalysts for simultaneously promoting CO_(2)and H_(2)O activation is important to achieve the efficient conversion of CO_(2)to hydrocarbon with H_(2)O as a proton source ...Engineering the specific active sites of photocatalysts for simultaneously promoting CO_(2)and H_(2)O activation is important to achieve the efficient conversion of CO_(2)to hydrocarbon with H_(2)O as a proton source under sunlight.Herein,we delicately design the In/TiO_(2)-VOphotocatalyst by engineering In single atoms(SAs)and oxygen vacancies(VOs)on porous TiO_(2).The relation between structure and performance of the photocatalyst is clarified by both experimental and theoretical analyses at the atomic levels.The In/TiO_(2)-VOphotocatalyst furnish a high CH_(4)production rate up to 35.49μmol g^(-1)h^(-1)with a high selectivity of 91.3%under simulated sunlight,while only CO is sluggishly generated on TiO_(2)-VO.The combination of in situ spectroscopic analyses with theoretical calculations reveal that the VOsites accelerate H_(2)O dissociation and increase proton feeding for CO_(2)reduction.Furthermore,the VOregulated In-Ti dual sites enable the formation of a stable adsorption conformation of In-C-O-Ti intermediate,which is responsible for the highly selective reduction of CO_(2)to CH_(4).This work demonstrates a new strategy for the development of effective photocatalysts by coupling metal SA sites with the adjacent metal sites of support to synergistically enhance the activity and selectivity of CO_(2)photoreduction.展开更多
The direct tandem oxidation synthesis of benzenediol from benzene could simplify or even avoid the separation and purification of reaction intermediates, which is promising but challenged because of the further requir...The direct tandem oxidation synthesis of benzenediol from benzene could simplify or even avoid the separation and purification of reaction intermediates, which is promising but challenged because of the further required immediate consecutive activation of intermediate phenol. In this work, a synergistic benzene tandem-oxidation catalyst that V-Cu bimetallic oxides modified nanoporous silica(VCu-NS)was constructed via a facile assembly strategy which involves addictive negative anion citric acid mediating the intercalation of metal-citric acid chelate in mesopore of silica and subsequent thermal calcination inducing dual-metal active site formation. Such a tactic could make amorphous VOxspecies well covered on the surface of mesopore, and ultrafine copper oxide particles surrounded and neighbored by highly dispersed VOxwith strong interplay in mesopore, which was comprehensively confirmed by various characterizations. Benefiting from the unique V-Cu neighboring effect, the desorption of formed phenol over the catalytic site might be restricted therefore easily further activated by the formed reactive oxidative species, 3VCu-NS shows synergetic tandem-oxidation catalytic activities for benzene towards benzenediol with a selectivity of 57%. The result allows optimal 3VCu-NS to be a promising catalyst for benzenediol synthesis from benzene.展开更多
Efficient sterilization by a plasma photocatalytic system(PPS)requires strong synergy between plasma and photocatalyst to inactivate microorganisms while suppressing the formation of secondary pollutants.Here,we repor...Efficient sterilization by a plasma photocatalytic system(PPS)requires strong synergy between plasma and photocatalyst to inactivate microorganisms while suppressing the formation of secondary pollutants.Here,we report that a PPS constructed from a needle array corona discharge and Au/TiO2plasmonic nanocatalyst could remarkably improve the sterilization of Escherichia coli(E.coli)and alleviate formation of the discharge pollutant O3.At 6 kV,the combination of corona discharge and Au/TiO2achieves sterilization efficiency of 100%within an exposure time of 5 min.At 5 kV and an exposure time of 8 min,the presence of Au/TiO2improves sterilization efficiency of the corona discharge from 73%to 91%and reduces the O3concentration from 0.38 to 0.04 ppm,whereas the presence of TiO2reduces the sterilization efficiency and O3concentration to 66%and 0.17 ppm,respectively.The Au/TiO2in the PPS enables a uniform corona discharge,enhances the interaction between plasma,E.coli and nanocatalysts,and suppresses the formation of O3.Further,the Au/TiO2can be excited by ultraviolet-visible light emitted from the plasma to generate electron-hole pairs,and thus contributes to the formation of reactive radicals and the oxidative inactivation of E.coli.The PPS constructed from a needle array corona discharge and Au-based plasmonic nanocatalyst provides a promising approach for developing high-efficiency sterilization techniques.展开更多
The application of multifunctional materials in various fields such as electronics and signal processors has attracted massive attention. Herein, a new organic-inorganic hybrid material [Et_(3)NCH_(2)Cl]_(2)[MnBr_(4)]...The application of multifunctional materials in various fields such as electronics and signal processors has attracted massive attention. Herein, a new organic-inorganic hybrid material [Et_(3)NCH_(2)Cl]_(2)[MnBr_(4)](1) is reported, which contains two organic amines cations and one [MnBr_(4)] tetrahedral ion. Compound 1 has a dielectric anomaly signal at 338 K, which proves its thermodynamic phase transition. The single crystal measurements at 200 K and 380 K show that the phase transition of compound 1 is caused by the thermal vibration of organic amine cations in the lattice. Moreover, compound 1 shows yellow-green luminescence under UV light irradiation. The magnetism measurements indicate that compound 1 shows switchable magnetic properties. This organic–inorganic material is a multifunctional material with dielectric, optical, and magnetic synergetic switchable effects, which expands a new direction for designing multifunctional materials.展开更多
Neuromorphic computing simulates the operation of biological brain function for information processing and can potentially solve the bottleneck of the von Neumann architecture.This computing is realized based on memri...Neuromorphic computing simulates the operation of biological brain function for information processing and can potentially solve the bottleneck of the von Neumann architecture.This computing is realized based on memristive hardware neural networks in which synaptic devices that mimic biological synapses of the brain are the primary units.Mimicking synaptic functions with these devices is critical in neuromorphic systems.In the last decade,electrical and optical signals have been incorporated into the synaptic devices and promoted the simulation of various synaptic functions.In this review,these devices are discussed by categorizing them into electrically stimulated,optically stimulated,and photoelectric synergetic synaptic devices based on stimulation of electrical and optical signals.The working mechanisms of the devices are analyzed in detail.This is followed by a discussion of the progress in mimicking synaptic functions.In addition,existing application scenarios of various synaptic devices are outlined.Furthermore,the performances and future development of the synaptic devices that could be significant for building efficient neuromorphic systems are prospected.展开更多
Rare earth compounds can be used as PVC thermal stabilizers. According to the infrared spectra of the mixture of PVC and some stearates, the mechanism of stabilization of different stearates was studied. The specialty...Rare earth compounds can be used as PVC thermal stabilizers. According to the infrared spectra of the mixture of PVC and some stearates, the mechanism of stabilization of different stearates was studied. The specialty of rare earth stabilizers was found. They can change the conformation of PVC and restrain the elimination of HCl. From this aspect, the unique synergetic effect with other stabilizers of rare earth compounds can be explained.展开更多
Mn0.1Ce0.9Ox and Mn0.1Ce0.6Zr0.30x samples synthesized by sol-gel method were tested for redox properties through the dynamic oxygen storage measurement and characterized using X-ray diffraction, BET, electron paramag...Mn0.1Ce0.9Ox and Mn0.1Ce0.6Zr0.30x samples synthesized by sol-gel method were tested for redox properties through the dynamic oxygen storage measurement and characterized using X-ray diffraction, BET, electron paramagnetic resonance, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that redox performances of ceria-based materials could be enhanced by synergetic effects between Mn-O and Ce-O. Fresh and aged samples were characterized with the fluorite-type cubic structure similar to CeO2, and furthermore, the thermal stability of Mn0.1Ce0.9Ox materials was improved by the introduction of some Zr atoms. From XPS, it could be concluded that Mn^2+/Mn^3+ redox couples existed on the surface of Mn0.1Ce0.9Ox and Mn0.1Ce0.6Zr0.3Ox samples. Electron paramagnetic resonance researches revealed that there were three types of Mn^2+ species: isolated Mn^2+ substituting for Ce^4+ ions in the lattice with a cubic symmetry, ones in defect with a noncubic symmetry, and at the surface of samples.展开更多
A novel electrocatalysis, ferrous ion catalyzed anodic-cathodic electrocatalysis (FACEC), was developed for organic pollutants degradation, which could promote the degradation by achieving synergetic effects of both a...A novel electrocatalysis, ferrous ion catalyzed anodic-cathodic electrocatalysis (FACEC), was developed for organic pollutants degradation, which could promote the degradation by achieving synergetic effects of both anodic oxidation and cathodic indirect oxidation. The degradation rate of model pollutants - phenol by FACEC could increase by nearly 30% comparing with that of anodic electrocatalysis, and the current efficiency could reach 67%.展开更多
Among various earth-abundant and noble metal-free catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),manganese-based oxides are promising candidates owing to the rich variety of manganese valence.Herein,an extremely facile ...Among various earth-abundant and noble metal-free catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),manganese-based oxides are promising candidates owing to the rich variety of manganese valence.Herein,an extremely facile method for the synthesis of cubic and orthorhombic phase coexisting Mn(Ⅱ)O electrocatalyst as an efficient ORR catalyst was explored.The obtained MnO electrocatalyst with oxygen vacancies shows a significantly elevated ORR catalytic activity with a half-wave potential(E1/2) of as high as 0.895 V,in comparison with that of commercial Pt/C(E1/2=0.877 V).More impressively,the MnO electrocatalyst exhibits a marked activity enhancement after test under a constant applied potential for 1000 s thanks to the in situ generation and stable presence of high-valence manganese species(Mn^3+ and Mn^4+) during the electrochemical process,initiating a synergetic catalytic effect with oxygen vacancies,which is proved to largely accelerate the adsorption and reduction of O_2 molecules favoring the ORR activity elevation.Such an excellent ORR catalytic performance of this MnO electrocatalyst is applied in Zn-air battery,which shows an extra-high peak power density of 63.2 mW cm^-2 in comparison with that(47.4 m W cm^-2) of commercial Pt/C under identical test conditions.展开更多
Unique ZnS nanobuns decorated with reduced graphene oxide (ROO) was synthesized and found to exhibit a synergetic effect as a highly efficient and low-cost counter electrode (CE) in dye-sensitized solar cells (D...Unique ZnS nanobuns decorated with reduced graphene oxide (ROO) was synthesized and found to exhibit a synergetic effect as a highly efficient and low-cost counter electrode (CE) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Using this ZnS-ROO CE, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.03% was achieved. This value was 53% and 41 % higher than those of pure ZnS and ROO CEs, respectively. The ZnS-ROO nanocomposite is indeed an efficient and cost-effective Pt-like alternative for iodine reduction reaction.展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0702002)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Z210016)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51967020,21935001)Shanxi Energy Internet Research Institute(SXEI 2023A004).
文摘The exploration of sustainable energy utilization requires the imple-mentation of advanced electrochemical devices for efficient energy conversion and storage,which are enabled by the usage of cost-effective,high-performance electro-catalysts.Currently,heterogeneous atomically dispersed catalysts are considered as potential candidates for a wide range of applications.Compared to conventional cata-lysts,atomically dispersed metal atoms in carbon-based catalysts have more unsatu-rated coordination sites,quantum size effect,and strong metal-support interactions,resulting in exceptional catalytic activity.Of these,dual-atomic catalysts(DACs)have attracted extensive attention due to the additional synergistic effect between two adja-cent metal atoms.DACs have the advantages of full active site exposure,high selectiv-ity,theoretical 100%atom utilization,and the ability to break the scaling relationship of adsorption free energy on active sites.In this review,we summarize recent research advancement of DACs,which includes(1)the comprehensive understanding of the synergy between atomic pairs;(2)the synthesis of DACs;(3)characterization meth-ods,especially aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and synchrotron spectroscopy;and(4)electrochemical energy-related applications.The last part focuses on great potential for the electrochemical catalysis of energy-related small molecules,such as oxygen reduction reaction,CO_(2) reduction reaction,hydrogen evolution reaction,and N_(2) reduction reaction.The future research challenges and opportunities are also raised in prospective section.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2020YFA0211004)Key Grant of Nation Science Funding of China (No. 22236005)+5 种基金Nation Science Funding of China (No. 22376141)Ministry of Education of China (No. PCSIRT_IRT_16R49)“111” Innovation and Talent Recruitment Base (D18020)Shanghai Government (No. 20ZR1440700)Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering (No. 18DZ2254200)Scientific and Technological Innovation Team for Green Catalysis and Energy Materialien Yunnan Institutions of Higher Learning, and Surface project of Yunnan Province science and technology Department (No. 20210 A070001-050).
文摘Deep degradation of organic pollutants by sunlight-induced coupled photocatalytic and Fenton (photo-Fenton) reactions is of immense importance for water purification. In this work, we report a novel bifunctional catalyst (Fe-PEI-CN) by codoping graphitic carbon nitride (CN) with polyethyleneimine ethoxylated (PEI) and Fe species, which demonstrated high activity during p-chlorophenol (p-ClPhOH) degradation via H_(2)O_(2) from the photocatalytic process. The relationship between the catalytic efficiency and the structure was explored using diff erent characterization methods. The Fe modification of CN was achieved through Fe-N coordination, which ensured high dispersion of Fe species and strong stability against leaching during liquid- phase reactions. The Fe modification initiated the Fenton reaction by activating H_(2)O_(2) into ·OH radicals for deep degradation of p-ClPhOH. In addition, it eff ectively promoted light absorption and photoelectron-hole (e-h ^(+) ) separation, corresponding to improved photocatalytic activity. On the other hand, PEI could significantly improve the ability of CN to generate H_(2)O_(2) through visible light photocatalysis. The maximum H_(2)O_(2) yield reached up to 102.6 μmol/L, which was 22 times higher than that of primitive CN. The cooperation of photocatalysis and the self-Fenton reaction has led to high-activity mineralizing organic pollutants with strong durability, indicating good potential for practical application in wastewater treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51874222 and 52074204)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2020-YB029)。
文摘The effect and mechanism of ultrasound and CaF_(2) on vanadium leaching from vanadium-bearing shale were investigated systematically.In consideration of the enhancement for vanadium recovery,the combination of ultrasound and CaF_(2)(66.28%) exerts more evident effects than ultrasound(26.97%) and CaF_(2)(60.35%) alone,demonstrating the synergetic effect of ultrasound and CaF_(2).Kinetic analysis manifests that the product layer diffusion controls vanadium leaching in ultrasound system without CaF_(2),however product layer diffusion and interfacial reaction is the rate-controlling step for vanadium leaching in other three leaching systems.The combination of ultrasound and CaF_(2) notably decreases the activation energy(E_(a)) from 62.03 to 27.61 kJ/mol,nevertheless individual CaF_(2) only reduces the E_(a) to 50.70 kj/mol.X-ray diffraction and fourier transform infrared spectrometer analyses show that the decomposition degree of the vanadium-bearing mica structure is the most significant in ultrasound and CaF_(2) system,proving the highest release degree of vanadium.Specific surface area and pore distribution combined with scanning electron microscope analyses reveal that the action of ultrasound and CaF_(2) would provide higher specific surface area,more abundant pores structure and cracks for the particles,which further prompts the rapid diffusion of H^(+),F^(-)and HF,and achieves the conspicuous improvement of vanadium leaching recovery.
文摘Synergetic effects for p-nitrophenol degradation were observed in the combination of two-advanced oxidation processes, UV/Fe3+ and electrocatalysis. The enhancement of removal rate for p-nitrophenol and COD was around 123% and 278%, respectively. The possible contributions for the synergetic effects were the electrochemically regeneration of ferric ion and the role of the oxygen that formed on the anode.
基金supported by the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China (No. 2010CB226905)supported by the Basic Research Program " Green Chemistry and Engineering of Heavy Oil Conversionwith High Efficiency "
文摘An evidence for the synergetic effect between the stacked bed of Mo/γ-Al2O3 and Ni/γ-Al2O3 in the hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) reaction of quinoline has been provided in this paper. The synergism factor decreases when the reaction temperature increases (280?340 ?C). The synergetic effect leads to improve the hydrogenation activity for the stacked bed compared with the single Mo/γ-Al2O3 bed, which may be attributed to the generation of hydrogen spillover on the Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21706224,21671075)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M672810)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality(JCYJ20180307123906004 and JCYJ20190808181003717)the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(CityU 21301817,11215518)the Strategic Research Grants from City University of Hong Kong(Ref:CityU 11306419 and 11308420)the Applied Research Grant from City University of Hong Kong(Ref:CityU 9667217)。
文摘Porous photocatalysts are promising materials capable of simultaneously adsorbing and oxidizing/reducing target species,showing great potentials in environmental remediation and energy generation.This review offered a comprehensive overview of the recent progress in design,fabrication,and applications of porous photocatalysts,including carbon-based semiconductors,metal oxides/sulfides,metal–organic frameworks,and adsorbent–photocatalyst hybrids.The fundamental understanding of the structure–performance relationships of porous materials together with the in-depth insights into the synergetic effects between adsorption and photocatalysis was presented.The strategies to further improve the photocatalytic activity of porous photocatalysts were proposed.This review would provide references and outlooks of constructing efficient porous materials for adsorptive and photocatalytic removal of pollutants and energy production.
基金This work was part of a project (No. 50708050)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Objective To introduce synergetic inactivation of microorganisms in drinking water by short-term free chlorination for less than 15 minutes followed by monochloramination. Methods Indicator microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and spores of Bacillus subtilis were used to assess the efficiency of sequential chlorination and free chlorination. Results The sequential chlorination was more efficient in inactivating these microorganisms than free chlorination, indicating that synergy was provided by free chlorine and monochloramine. Ammonia addition time, temperature and pH had influences on this synergy. Conclusion The possible mechanism of this synergy might involve three aspects: free chlorine causing sublethal injury to microorganisms and monochloramine further inactivating them; different ability of free chlorine and monochloramine to penetrate and inactivate microorganism congeries; and higher concentration of residual chlorine in sequential chlorination than in free chlorination.
基金supported by the MOST Project(2010CB631303,2012AA051901)NSFC(5117108)+1 种基金111 Project(B12015)MOE(IRT-13R30)
文摘The effects of NaA1H4, TiF3 and NaA1H4-TiF3 co-additive on dehydriding reaction of Mg(A1H4)2 are systematically investigated. The on- set dehydrogenation temperature of the co-doped Mg(A1H4)2 composites decreased to 74 ℃, which is about 59 ℃ lower than that of pure Mg(A1H4)2. The dehydrogenation kinetics of NaA1H4-TiF3 co-doped Mg(A1H4)2 sample was also improved, which released about 94% hydrogen within 48 min, but no visible hydrogen was released from pure Mg(A1H4)2 under the same conditions. The activation energy of co-doped Mg(A1H4)2 was 85.6 kJ.mol-t, which was significantly lower than that of additive-free Mg(A1H4)2 sample. The synergetic effects of NaA1H4 and TiF3 on the dehydrogenation performance of Mg(A1H4)2 were confirmed. In addition, a possible catalytic mechanism is discussed, regarding the different roles of NaA1H4 and TiF3 on Mg(A1H4)2.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51278304,U1134209,U1434204&51422814)the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)of China(No.011-CB013604)the Technology Research and Development Program(Basic Research Project)of Shenzhen(Nos.JCYJ20120613174456685&JCYJ20130329143859418)
文摘Diffusion has been systematically described as the main mechanism of chloride transport in reinforced concrete(RC) structure, especially when the concrete is in a saturated state. However, the single mechanism of diffusion is not able to describe the actual chloride ingress in the nonsaturated concrete. Instead, it is dominated by the interaction of diffusion and convection. With the synergetic effects of various factors taken into account, this study aimed to modify and develop an analytical convection- diffusion coupling model for chloride transport in nonsaturated concrete. The model was verified by simulation of laboratory tests and field measurement. The results of comparison study demonstrate that the analytical model developed in this study is efficient and accurate in predicting the chloride profiles in the nonsaturated concrete.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22172084 and 21773133)the World-Class Discipline Program of Shandong Province,China。
文摘Direct alcohol fuel cells(DAFCs)are powered by the alcohol electro-oxidation reaction(AOR),where an electrocatalyst with an optimal electronic structure can accelerate the sluggish AOR.Interestingly,strain engineering in hetero-catalysis offers a promising route to boost their catalytic activity.Herein,we report on a class of monodispersed ultrathin twisty PdBi alloy nanowires(TNWs)assemblies with face-centered structures that drive AORs.These thin nanowire structures expose a large number of reactive sites.Strikingly,Pd_(6)Bi_(1)TNWs show an excellent current density of 2066,3047,and 1231 mA mg_(Pd)^(-1)for oxidation of ethanol,ethylene glycol,and glycerol,respectively.The“volcano-like”behaviors observed on PdBi TNWs for AORs indicate that the maximum catalytic mass activity is a well balance between active intermediates and blocking species at the interface.This study offers an effective and universal method to build novel nanocatalysts in various applications by rationally designing highly efficient catalysts with specific strain.
基金financially supported by the Joint Funds of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LZY23B030006)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China(LY19B010005)the Fundamental Research Funds of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University(2020Y003)。
文摘Engineering the specific active sites of photocatalysts for simultaneously promoting CO_(2)and H_(2)O activation is important to achieve the efficient conversion of CO_(2)to hydrocarbon with H_(2)O as a proton source under sunlight.Herein,we delicately design the In/TiO_(2)-VOphotocatalyst by engineering In single atoms(SAs)and oxygen vacancies(VOs)on porous TiO_(2).The relation between structure and performance of the photocatalyst is clarified by both experimental and theoretical analyses at the atomic levels.The In/TiO_(2)-VOphotocatalyst furnish a high CH_(4)production rate up to 35.49μmol g^(-1)h^(-1)with a high selectivity of 91.3%under simulated sunlight,while only CO is sluggishly generated on TiO_(2)-VO.The combination of in situ spectroscopic analyses with theoretical calculations reveal that the VOsites accelerate H_(2)O dissociation and increase proton feeding for CO_(2)reduction.Furthermore,the VOregulated In-Ti dual sites enable the formation of a stable adsorption conformation of In-C-O-Ti intermediate,which is responsible for the highly selective reduction of CO_(2)to CH_(4).This work demonstrates a new strategy for the development of effective photocatalysts by coupling metal SA sites with the adjacent metal sites of support to synergistically enhance the activity and selectivity of CO_(2)photoreduction.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21908085)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (BK20190961)+1 种基金Postdoctoral Research Foundation of Jiangsu Province (2020Z291)the Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering (JSHJZDSYS-202103)。
文摘The direct tandem oxidation synthesis of benzenediol from benzene could simplify or even avoid the separation and purification of reaction intermediates, which is promising but challenged because of the further required immediate consecutive activation of intermediate phenol. In this work, a synergistic benzene tandem-oxidation catalyst that V-Cu bimetallic oxides modified nanoporous silica(VCu-NS)was constructed via a facile assembly strategy which involves addictive negative anion citric acid mediating the intercalation of metal-citric acid chelate in mesopore of silica and subsequent thermal calcination inducing dual-metal active site formation. Such a tactic could make amorphous VOxspecies well covered on the surface of mesopore, and ultrafine copper oxide particles surrounded and neighbored by highly dispersed VOxwith strong interplay in mesopore, which was comprehensively confirmed by various characterizations. Benefiting from the unique V-Cu neighboring effect, the desorption of formed phenol over the catalytic site might be restricted therefore easily further activated by the formed reactive oxidative species, 3VCu-NS shows synergetic tandem-oxidation catalytic activities for benzene towards benzenediol with a selectivity of 57%. The result allows optimal 3VCu-NS to be a promising catalyst for benzenediol synthesis from benzene.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52041001,21808024)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.2020-MS-126)Special Foundation for Key Fields of Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province(No.2021ZDZX4094)。
文摘Efficient sterilization by a plasma photocatalytic system(PPS)requires strong synergy between plasma and photocatalyst to inactivate microorganisms while suppressing the formation of secondary pollutants.Here,we report that a PPS constructed from a needle array corona discharge and Au/TiO2plasmonic nanocatalyst could remarkably improve the sterilization of Escherichia coli(E.coli)and alleviate formation of the discharge pollutant O3.At 6 kV,the combination of corona discharge and Au/TiO2achieves sterilization efficiency of 100%within an exposure time of 5 min.At 5 kV and an exposure time of 8 min,the presence of Au/TiO2improves sterilization efficiency of the corona discharge from 73%to 91%and reduces the O3concentration from 0.38 to 0.04 ppm,whereas the presence of TiO2reduces the sterilization efficiency and O3concentration to 66%and 0.17 ppm,respectively.The Au/TiO2in the PPS enables a uniform corona discharge,enhances the interaction between plasma,E.coli and nanocatalysts,and suppresses the formation of O3.Further,the Au/TiO2can be excited by ultraviolet-visible light emitted from the plasma to generate electron-hole pairs,and thus contributes to the formation of reactive radicals and the oxidative inactivation of E.coli.The PPS constructed from a needle array corona discharge and Au-based plasmonic nanocatalyst provides a promising approach for developing high-efficiency sterilization techniques.
基金supported by the the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21875093, 22161002 and22105089)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (Nos.20224BAB214005, 20204BCJ22015 and 20202ACBL203001)Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry (No.20212BCD42018)。
文摘The application of multifunctional materials in various fields such as electronics and signal processors has attracted massive attention. Herein, a new organic-inorganic hybrid material [Et_(3)NCH_(2)Cl]_(2)[MnBr_(4)](1) is reported, which contains two organic amines cations and one [MnBr_(4)] tetrahedral ion. Compound 1 has a dielectric anomaly signal at 338 K, which proves its thermodynamic phase transition. The single crystal measurements at 200 K and 380 K show that the phase transition of compound 1 is caused by the thermal vibration of organic amine cations in the lattice. Moreover, compound 1 shows yellow-green luminescence under UV light irradiation. The magnetism measurements indicate that compound 1 shows switchable magnetic properties. This organic–inorganic material is a multifunctional material with dielectric, optical, and magnetic synergetic switchable effects, which expands a new direction for designing multifunctional materials.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11804166,U1732126,51872145)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M630587)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20200760,BK20191472)the Introduction of Talents Project of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(NY220097).
文摘Neuromorphic computing simulates the operation of biological brain function for information processing and can potentially solve the bottleneck of the von Neumann architecture.This computing is realized based on memristive hardware neural networks in which synaptic devices that mimic biological synapses of the brain are the primary units.Mimicking synaptic functions with these devices is critical in neuromorphic systems.In the last decade,electrical and optical signals have been incorporated into the synaptic devices and promoted the simulation of various synaptic functions.In this review,these devices are discussed by categorizing them into electrically stimulated,optically stimulated,and photoelectric synergetic synaptic devices based on stimulation of electrical and optical signals.The working mechanisms of the devices are analyzed in detail.This is followed by a discussion of the progress in mimicking synaptic functions.In addition,existing application scenarios of various synaptic devices are outlined.Furthermore,the performances and future development of the synaptic devices that could be significant for building efficient neuromorphic systems are prospected.
文摘Rare earth compounds can be used as PVC thermal stabilizers. According to the infrared spectra of the mixture of PVC and some stearates, the mechanism of stabilization of different stearates was studied. The specialty of rare earth stabilizers was found. They can change the conformation of PVC and restrain the elimination of HCl. From this aspect, the unique synergetic effect with other stabilizers of rare earth compounds can be explained.
基金973 Program (2004CB719503)863 Program (2006AA060305)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (20070410196)
文摘Mn0.1Ce0.9Ox and Mn0.1Ce0.6Zr0.30x samples synthesized by sol-gel method were tested for redox properties through the dynamic oxygen storage measurement and characterized using X-ray diffraction, BET, electron paramagnetic resonance, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that redox performances of ceria-based materials could be enhanced by synergetic effects between Mn-O and Ce-O. Fresh and aged samples were characterized with the fluorite-type cubic structure similar to CeO2, and furthermore, the thermal stability of Mn0.1Ce0.9Ox materials was improved by the introduction of some Zr atoms. From XPS, it could be concluded that Mn^2+/Mn^3+ redox couples existed on the surface of Mn0.1Ce0.9Ox and Mn0.1Ce0.6Zr0.3Ox samples. Electron paramagnetic resonance researches revealed that there were three types of Mn^2+ species: isolated Mn^2+ substituting for Ce^4+ ions in the lattice with a cubic symmetry, ones in defect with a noncubic symmetry, and at the surface of samples.
文摘A novel electrocatalysis, ferrous ion catalyzed anodic-cathodic electrocatalysis (FACEC), was developed for organic pollutants degradation, which could promote the degradation by achieving synergetic effects of both anodic oxidation and cathodic indirect oxidation. The degradation rate of model pollutants - phenol by FACEC could increase by nearly 30% comparing with that of anodic electrocatalysis, and the current efficiency could reach 67%.
基金the support of this research by Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (19ZR1479400)the State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University (KF1818)the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing (Wuhan University of Technology)。
文摘Among various earth-abundant and noble metal-free catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),manganese-based oxides are promising candidates owing to the rich variety of manganese valence.Herein,an extremely facile method for the synthesis of cubic and orthorhombic phase coexisting Mn(Ⅱ)O electrocatalyst as an efficient ORR catalyst was explored.The obtained MnO electrocatalyst with oxygen vacancies shows a significantly elevated ORR catalytic activity with a half-wave potential(E1/2) of as high as 0.895 V,in comparison with that of commercial Pt/C(E1/2=0.877 V).More impressively,the MnO electrocatalyst exhibits a marked activity enhancement after test under a constant applied potential for 1000 s thanks to the in situ generation and stable presence of high-valence manganese species(Mn^3+ and Mn^4+) during the electrochemical process,initiating a synergetic catalytic effect with oxygen vacancies,which is proved to largely accelerate the adsorption and reduction of O_2 molecules favoring the ORR activity elevation.Such an excellent ORR catalytic performance of this MnO electrocatalyst is applied in Zn-air battery,which shows an extra-high peak power density of 63.2 mW cm^-2 in comparison with that(47.4 m W cm^-2) of commercial Pt/C under identical test conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51172102,51302125 and 51303076)
文摘Unique ZnS nanobuns decorated with reduced graphene oxide (ROO) was synthesized and found to exhibit a synergetic effect as a highly efficient and low-cost counter electrode (CE) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Using this ZnS-ROO CE, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.03% was achieved. This value was 53% and 41 % higher than those of pure ZnS and ROO CEs, respectively. The ZnS-ROO nanocomposite is indeed an efficient and cost-effective Pt-like alternative for iodine reduction reaction.