Decarbonization and decontamination of the iron and steel industry(ISI),which contributes up to 15%to anthropogenic CO_(2) emissions(or carbon emissions)and significant proportions of air and water pollutant emissions...Decarbonization and decontamination of the iron and steel industry(ISI),which contributes up to 15%to anthropogenic CO_(2) emissions(or carbon emissions)and significant proportions of air and water pollutant emissions in China,are challenged by the huge demand for steel.Carbon and pollutants often share common emission sources,indicating that emission reduction could be achieved synergistically.Here,we explored the inherent potential of measures to adjust feedstock composition and technological structure and to control the size of the ISI to achieve carbon emission reduction(CER)and pollution emission reduction(PER).We investigated five typical pollutants in this study,namely,petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants and chemical oxygen demand in wastewater,particulate matter,SO_(2),and NO_(x) in off gases,and examined synergies between CER and PER by employing cross elasticity for the period between 2022 and 2035.The results suggest that a reduction of 8.7%-11.7%in carbon emissions and 20%-31%in pollution emissions(except for particulate matter emissions)could be achieved by 2025 under a high steel scrap ratio(SSR)scenario.Here,the SSR and electric arc furnace(EAF)ratio serve critical roles in enhancing synergies between CER and PER(which vary with the type of pollutant).However,subject to a limited volume of steel scrap,a focused increase in the EAF ratio with neglection of the available supply of steel scrap to EAF facilities would lead to an increase carbon and pollution emissions.Although CER can be achieved through SSR and EAF ratio optimization,only when the crude steel production growth rate remains below 2.2%can these optimization measures maintain the emissions in 2030 at a similar level to that in 2021.Therefore,the synergistic effects between PER and CER should be considered when formulating a development route for the ISI in the future.展开更多
A synergistic pathway is regarded as a critical measure for tackling the intertwined challenges of climate change and air pollution in China. However, there is as yet no indicator that can comprehensively reflect such...A synergistic pathway is regarded as a critical measure for tackling the intertwined challenges of climate change and air pollution in China. However, there is as yet no indicator that can comprehensively reflect such synergistic effects;hence, existing studies lack a consistent framework for comparison. Here, we introduce a new synergistic indicator defined as the pollutant generation per gross domestic product (GDP) and adopt an integrated analysis framework by linking the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method, response surface model (RSM), and global exposure mortality model (GEMM) to evaluate the synergistic effects of carbon mitigation on both air pollutant reduction and public health in China. The results show that synergistic effects played an increasingly important role in the emissions mitigation of SO_(2), NOx, and primary particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter no greater than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), and the synergistic mitigation of pollutants respectively increase from 3.1, 1.4, and 0.3 Mt during the 11th Five-Year Plan (FYP) (2006–2010) to 5.6, 3.7, and 1.9 Mt during the 12th FYP (2011–2015). Against the non-control scenario, synergistic effects alone contributed to a 15% reduction in annual mean PM2.5 concentration, resulting in the prevention of 0.29 million (95% confidential interval: 0.28–0.30) PM2.5-attributable excess deaths in 2015. Synergistic benefits to air quality improvement and public health were remarkable in the developed and population-dense eastern provinces and municipalities. With the processes of urbanization and carbon neutrality in the future, synergistic effects are expected to continue to increase. Realizing climate targets in advance in developed regions would concurrently bring strong synergistic effects to air quality and public health.展开更多
运用CiteSpace对Web of Science和中国知网相关文献进行梳理,分析该领域的研究热点与进展.结果表明:国内外发文量都在不断增加.2013年后,发文量增长迅速,国外增速明显快于国内;国外文献作者和机构形成了以美国各大高校为中心的较强合作...运用CiteSpace对Web of Science和中国知网相关文献进行梳理,分析该领域的研究热点与进展.结果表明:国内外发文量都在不断增加.2013年后,发文量增长迅速,国外增速明显快于国内;国外文献作者和机构形成了以美国各大高校为中心的较强合作网络关系,核心研究作者发文量达39%.国内文献作者和机构联系较弱,呈多中心分散式结构,核心研究作者发文量仅占8%;关键词可视化表明国内外研究同步性较强,均以环境暴露的健康影响和疾病负担研究为基础,国外侧重具体影响机制与联系及风险评估研究,国内更关注影响因素及政策效益剖析;国外研究从环境暴露对健康终点影响发展到协同适应策略及复杂模型构建,目前全球负担和颗粒物质减排是研究热点.国内研究从气候变化和大气污染对健康的影响评估发展到协同治理对策及健康风险,当前减缓气候变化及减污降碳的健康协同效益研究是热点.将来针对气候变化和大气污染导致的健康问题及敏感区域、公共健康效应时空规律的识别和明晰是重点,健康风险评估模型构建与早期预警系统的开发应用也迫在眉睫.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC1904800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72274105).
文摘Decarbonization and decontamination of the iron and steel industry(ISI),which contributes up to 15%to anthropogenic CO_(2) emissions(or carbon emissions)and significant proportions of air and water pollutant emissions in China,are challenged by the huge demand for steel.Carbon and pollutants often share common emission sources,indicating that emission reduction could be achieved synergistically.Here,we explored the inherent potential of measures to adjust feedstock composition and technological structure and to control the size of the ISI to achieve carbon emission reduction(CER)and pollution emission reduction(PER).We investigated five typical pollutants in this study,namely,petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants and chemical oxygen demand in wastewater,particulate matter,SO_(2),and NO_(x) in off gases,and examined synergies between CER and PER by employing cross elasticity for the period between 2022 and 2035.The results suggest that a reduction of 8.7%-11.7%in carbon emissions and 20%-31%in pollution emissions(except for particulate matter emissions)could be achieved by 2025 under a high steel scrap ratio(SSR)scenario.Here,the SSR and electric arc furnace(EAF)ratio serve critical roles in enhancing synergies between CER and PER(which vary with the type of pollutant).However,subject to a limited volume of steel scrap,a focused increase in the EAF ratio with neglection of the available supply of steel scrap to EAF facilities would lead to an increase carbon and pollution emissions.Although CER can be achieved through SSR and EAF ratio optimization,only when the crude steel production growth rate remains below 2.2%can these optimization measures maintain the emissions in 2030 at a similar level to that in 2021.Therefore,the synergistic effects between PER and CER should be considered when formulating a development route for the ISI in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72025401,71974108,and 72140003)the Tsinghua University-INDITEX Sustainable Development Fund.
文摘A synergistic pathway is regarded as a critical measure for tackling the intertwined challenges of climate change and air pollution in China. However, there is as yet no indicator that can comprehensively reflect such synergistic effects;hence, existing studies lack a consistent framework for comparison. Here, we introduce a new synergistic indicator defined as the pollutant generation per gross domestic product (GDP) and adopt an integrated analysis framework by linking the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method, response surface model (RSM), and global exposure mortality model (GEMM) to evaluate the synergistic effects of carbon mitigation on both air pollutant reduction and public health in China. The results show that synergistic effects played an increasingly important role in the emissions mitigation of SO_(2), NOx, and primary particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter no greater than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), and the synergistic mitigation of pollutants respectively increase from 3.1, 1.4, and 0.3 Mt during the 11th Five-Year Plan (FYP) (2006–2010) to 5.6, 3.7, and 1.9 Mt during the 12th FYP (2011–2015). Against the non-control scenario, synergistic effects alone contributed to a 15% reduction in annual mean PM2.5 concentration, resulting in the prevention of 0.29 million (95% confidential interval: 0.28–0.30) PM2.5-attributable excess deaths in 2015. Synergistic benefits to air quality improvement and public health were remarkable in the developed and population-dense eastern provinces and municipalities. With the processes of urbanization and carbon neutrality in the future, synergistic effects are expected to continue to increase. Realizing climate targets in advance in developed regions would concurrently bring strong synergistic effects to air quality and public health.
文摘运用CiteSpace对Web of Science和中国知网相关文献进行梳理,分析该领域的研究热点与进展.结果表明:国内外发文量都在不断增加.2013年后,发文量增长迅速,国外增速明显快于国内;国外文献作者和机构形成了以美国各大高校为中心的较强合作网络关系,核心研究作者发文量达39%.国内文献作者和机构联系较弱,呈多中心分散式结构,核心研究作者发文量仅占8%;关键词可视化表明国内外研究同步性较强,均以环境暴露的健康影响和疾病负担研究为基础,国外侧重具体影响机制与联系及风险评估研究,国内更关注影响因素及政策效益剖析;国外研究从环境暴露对健康终点影响发展到协同适应策略及复杂模型构建,目前全球负担和颗粒物质减排是研究热点.国内研究从气候变化和大气污染对健康的影响评估发展到协同治理对策及健康风险,当前减缓气候变化及减污降碳的健康协同效益研究是热点.将来针对气候变化和大气污染导致的健康问题及敏感区域、公共健康效应时空规律的识别和明晰是重点,健康风险评估模型构建与早期预警系统的开发应用也迫在眉睫.
