A Comparative Study of the Usage of Synonyms Based on BNC-Taking Assessment and Evaluation as Examples

The discrimination of synonyms has always been one of the great challenges for English learners.Taking assessment and evaluation as examples,this study analyses the similarities and differences of the two words,as well as their usage from the perspectives of frequency,stylistics,collocation and semantic prosody with the help of British National Corpus,and demonstrates the importance of corpus retrieval tools in synonyms discrimination.Furthermore,this paper will give some suggestions for English learners and teachers in English vocabulary teaching.

A Corpus-Driven Perspective on the Verb Valency Structure of Chinese EFL Learners:A Case Study of“Suggest”and“Advise”

This paper investigates the verb valency structure of English that is used by English as Foreign Language(EFL)learners from a corpus-driven perspective.Specifically,it focuses on the usage of the verbs“suggest”and“advise”in a selected corpus.By analyzing a sample of written and spoken texts,this study attempts to investigate the similarities and differences in the patterns of verb valency between native English speakers and Chinese EFL learners.The findings of this research can contribute to a better understanding of the challenges faced by Chinese EFL learners in acquiring accurate verb valency structures and provide insights for language teachers in designing effective pedagogical approaches.

A Corpus-based Vocabulary Analysis of Near Synonyms:bring about and give rise to

Distinguishing the meanings of near synonyms always seems to be a challenging task for Chinese EFL learners,as is the case with bring about and give rise to be exemplified in the paper.I will use a corpus approach to unveil some implied semantic patterns and pragmatic features of the two phrases,and generalize their semantic prosodies as used by native English speakers by analyzing what kinds of nouns tend to co-occur with them,and also discuss whether there is a transfer of negative semantic prosody from the word cause to the two phrases under discussion.

A Study on the Corpus-driven Teaching and Learning of English Near Synonyms

Corpus-based studies show that near-synonyms differ in their collocational behavior and semantic prosody which causes deviation in Chinese EFL learners’English using.This paper attempts to investigate the effectiveness of a corpus-based approach to the teaching and learning of near synonyms and their collocations.By using internet accessible computers to log on to websites of BNC and COCA,learners can view real language data and study the usage of targeted near synonyms.This empirical study tends to show that a corpus based approach is positively effective to the learning of near synonyms.It also provides some pedagogical implications that learners can play a major and active role in DDL and teachers only act as assistants.

Enhancing Embedding-Based Chinese Word Similarity Evaluation with Concepts and Synonyms Knowledge

Word similarity(WS)is a fundamental and critical task in natural language processing.Existing approaches to WS are mainly to calculate the similarity or relatedness of word pairs based on word embedding obtained by massive and high-quality corpus.However,it may suffer from poor performance for insufficient corpus in some specific fields,and cannot capture rich semantic and sentimental information.To address these above problems,we propose an enhancing embedding-based word similarity evaluation with character-word concepts and synonyms knowledge,namely EWS-CS model,which can provide extra semantic information to enhance word similarity evaluation.The core of our approach contains knowledge encoder and word encoder.In knowledge encoder,we incorporate the semantic knowledge extracted from knowledge resources,including character-word concepts,synonyms and sentiment lexicons,to obtain knowledge representation.Word encoder is to learn enhancing embedding-based word representation from pre-trained model and knowledge representation based on similarity task.Finally,compared with baseline models,the experiments on four similarity evaluation datasets validate the effectiveness of our EWS-CS model in WS task.

The Differnces Beween English Synonyms

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An Investigation of the Semantic Prosody of Synonyms--The Case of“Weichi(维持)”and“Baochi(保持)”in Chinese

In order to better apply the semantic prosody theory to distinguish synonyms,this article chooses to use analysis software and corpus to specifically compare and analyze the difference between“weichi(维持)”and“baochi(保持)”.Although both“weichi(维持)”and“baochi(保持)”show neutral colors in the dictionary,through analysis of collocation words,it is found that“baochi(保持)”is often matched with positively colored words,so it has positive semantic characteristics,while“weichi(维持)”is more neutral and negative semantic prosody characteristics,and in the diachronic and synchronic word frequency survey,the word frequency of“baochi(保持)”is higher than that of“weichi(维持)”.

A Brief Review of Studies on Near Synonyms

This paper first points out the deficiency of listing synonyms by some dictionaries,such as the Cobuild Dictionary and Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary of Synonyms,which,however,have actually failed in distinguishing between some synonyms.Then,the paper attempts to solve the problem by providing a brief review of relevant studies in the past few decades on near synonyms with a focus on differences in denotation,connotation and semantic prosody of words as well as various definitions of semantic prosody and related researches.By evaluating the relevant research and defintions of semantic prosody,the review concluded that the alleged dictionaries would be perfected with the provision of connotations or semantic prosodies for near synonyms before suggesting out the focus of future and further research into near synonyms.

A Corpus-Based Comparative Study on Synonyms in BNC: Taking Destroy, Ruin, Demolish as Examples

The discrimination of synonyms has always been the key and difficult points in language learning.By using the British Na⁃tional Corpus(BNC)to retrieve the standard frequency,registers and collocations of the three common words,DESTORY,RUIN and DEMOLISH,this paper analyzes their similarities and differences.Besides,this paper demonstrates the strong ancillary func⁃tion of corpus in synonyms discrimination as well as in English teaching and learning.

Distinguishing Synonyms: A Corpus-based Study on Ill and Sick

Distinguishing synonyms is invariably an important and difficult point in language learning. The author analyzes the sens-es, colligation, grammar and collocation of a pair of synonyms, ill and sick, and explores their differences by adopting the corpus-based approach. Language learners and teachers are suggested to realize the significance of using corpus widely as an effective wayof distinguishing synonyms so as to promote their learning and teaching.

A Corpus-based Study on Differentiation of English Synonyms:“Conquer”“Overcome”and“Surmount”

Synonym differentiation has always been a difficulty in English learning. Traditionally, definitions and examples from dictionaries are taken to illustrate shades of differences between synonyms, which fails to provide a comprehensive description of these differences for students to differ synonyms. However, with the large volume, authentic materials, fast and convenient retrieval provided by corpus, the corpus-based synonym differentiation method can make a comprehensive description of synonyms in terms of their distinctive features in frequency distribution, collocation, colligation and semantic prosody. A corpus-based method will be employed to analyze the differences among the three English synonyms"conquer""overcome"and"surmount"based on the data collected from COCA (Corpus of Contemporary American English), so as to throw new light on synonym differentiation, offering a new way to study synonyms, and to provide references for lexical teaching and second language acquisition.

A Corpus Linguistic Investigation into English Synonyms"trip""journey""voyage"

The investigation of near-synonyms is of great significance to the study of English vocabulary and teaching . The British National Corpus (BNC) is chosen to analyze and distinguish synonyms for Chinese English learners, which provide some implica- tions for English teaching, especially for lexical teaching. The results show that near synonyms differ in their collocational behavior and frequency.

A Corpus-Based Study on Synonyms in Chinese Learners'English:A Case Study of Affair"and"Event"

Using British National Corpus(BNC)as the reference corpus and Chinese Learner's English Corpus(CLEC)as the observed corpus,this paper attempts to analyze synonyms in Chinese learners5 English based on"event"and tcaffair.?,By comparing the frequency,colligation,collocates,and semantic prosody of the two words in BNC,it is found that"event"and“affaiT”differ from each other in terms of frequency and semantic prosody.The same comparison is made between BNC and CLEC.It is found that Chinese learnersJ English vocabulary is rather small,and there is no significant difference in the semantic prosody of the two words between English native speakers and Chinese English learners except that Chinese English learners have a misunderstanding about"love affair,which may be attributed to their negligence of semantic prosody in the process of learning.

Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor toward Predicting Possible Association

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) of the Glucagon-like peptide-1 Receptor (GLP-1R) gene in protein function and structure using different computational software. Introduction: The GLP1R gene provides the necessary instruction for the synthesis of the insulin hormones which is needed for glucose catabolism. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with diabetes. The protein is an important drug target for the treatment of type-2 diabetes and stroke. Material and Methods: Different nsSNPs and protein-related sequences were obtained from NCBI and ExPASY database. Gene associations and interactions were predicted using GeneMANIA software. Deleterious and damaging effects of nsSNPs were analyzed using SIFT, Provean, and Polyphen-2. The association of the nsSNPs with the disease was predicted using SNPs & GO software. Protein stability was investigated using I-Mutant and MUpro software. The structural and functional impact of point mutations was predicted using Project Hope software. Project Hope analyzes the mutations according to their size, charge, hydrophobicity, and conservancy. Results: The GLP1R gene was found to have an association with 20 other different genes. Among the most important ones is the GCG (glucagon) gene which is also a trans membrane protein. Overall 7229 variants were seen, and the missense variants or nsSNPs (146) were selected for further analysis. The total number of nsSNPs obtained in this study was 146. After being subjected to SIFT software (27 Deleterious and 119 Tolerated) were predicted. Analysis with Provean showed that (20 deleterious and 7 neutral). Analysis using Polyphen-2 revealed 17 probably damaging, 2 possibly damaging and 1 benign nsSNPs. Using two additional software SNPs & GO and PHD-SNPs showed that 14 and 17 nsSNPs had a disease effect, respectively. Project Hope software predicts the effect of the 14 nsSNPs on the protein function due to differences in charge, size, hydrophobicity, and conservancy between the wild and mutant types. Conclusion: In this study, the 14 nsSNPs which were highly affected the protein function. This protein is providing the necessary instruction for the synthesis of the insulin hormones which is needed for glucose catabolism. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with diabetes and also affect the treatment of diabetic patients due to the fact that the protein acts as an important drug target.

英语词汇特点的再探讨

英语是世界上运用得最广泛的语言。它的历史悠久,并一直在不断地发展、变化着。在追溯英语的历史发展时,我们通常它分为三个时期,即古英语(OldEnglish)中古英语(Middle English)和现代英语(Modern English)三部分。英语和其他语言一样,在语言、语法、词汇等方面有其自身的特点。本文仅就英语的词汇特点谈一下我们的看法。 英语是受外来语影响很大的语言。在谈起英语词汇时人们往夸大外来词的作用,尤其是外词中的重要成分——法语词的作用。但从词的实际运用上看,本族语是十分重要的,是英语语言的核心。 本族语组成了英语日常用语中的核心成份。它是用来表达日常生活中基本的事物的。因此,本族语明显地构成了现代英语词汇的基础。本族词语汇包括助动词和情态动词、大部分不规则变化的动词、代词、大部分数词、介词和连词。在英语词汇中,这些词的重要性是不容置疑的。普通英语的容词 中新包含的外来语比术语中少。几乎所有英语单词都起源于盎格鲁撒克逊语言。

翻译中实现社会语用等效(英文)

As a medium between two different languages, between peoples of two countries, translation is not only a matter of language, but also of cross-cultural transference. According to Professor He Ziran, socio-pragmatic translation is the kind of translation which examines the conditions on language use that stem from the social and cultural situations to serve cross-cultural communication. This paper focuses on the ways used to achieve socio-pragmatic equivalence in translation practice.

Sacrococcygeal Teratoma

Key Facts Synonyms:Sacrococcygeal teratoma(SGT),germ cell tumor of coccyx Definition:Tumors containing hair,teeth,cartilage,and fat extending from the coccyx and potentially growing both internally and externally.

Redesign Vocabulary Exercises In college English Intensive Reading Course book

Nowadays,more and more university students have Teacher’s Book for College English. They know answers of exercises from it before they do them. Some of them just copy down the right answers and wait for teacher’s praise. In this situation, College English teachers should redesign the exercises after each unit so that students will be interested and involved in learning. This study thus suggests several ways to redesign the vocabulary exercises from “ College English". It expects, on the one hand, to raise College English teachers’ awareness of the necessity to change the exercises. On the other hand, it expects to give them an inspiration, and example of designing more appropriate exercises so as to reinforce students’ vocabulary and enhance their language awareness.

Epidermoid Cyst of Cerebellopontine Angle

Synonyms: Epidermoid tumor,non-neoplastic inclusion cyst, congenital cholesteatoma of the cerebellopontine angle cistern.Definition: Congenital lesion arising from inclusion of ectodermal epithelial elements at time of neural tube closure during 3rd to 5th week of embryonic life, resulting in migration abnormalities of epiblastic cells.Classic imaging appearance:(1)Signal shows an insinuating cisternal lesion with low T1, high T2 close to that of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).(2)FLAIR shows incomplete or absent attenuation.(3)Diffusion-weighted imaging shows epidermoid cyst has restricted diffusion(high-signal lesion).Other key facts:(1)3rd most common cerebellopontine angle-internal auditory canal (CPA-IAC) mass.(2)1% of all intracranial tumors.

Genome-wide analysis of the synonymous codon usage patterns in apple

Apple（Malus×domestica） has been proposed as an important woody plant and the major cultivated fruit trees in temperate regions. Apple whole genome sequencing has been completed, which provided an excellent opportunity for genome-wide analysis of the synonymous codon usage patterns. In this study, a multivariate bioinformatics analysis was performed to reveal the characteristics of synonymous codon usage and the main factors affecting codon bias in apple. The neutrality, correspondence, and correlation analyses were performed by Codon W and SPSS（Statistical Product and Service Solutions） programs, indicating that the apple genome codon usage patterns were affected by mutational pressure and selective constraint. Meanwhile, coding sequence length and the hydrophobicity of proteins could also influence the codon usage patterns. In short, codon usage pattern analysis and determination of optimal codons has laid an important theoretical basis for genetic engineering, gene prediction and molecular evolution studies in apple.