Method of moving target detection based on sub-image cancellation for single-antenna airborne synthetic aperture radar

The method of moving target detection based on subimage cancellation for single-antenna airborne SAR is presented. First the subimage is obtained through frequency processing is pointed out. The imaging difference of a stationary objects and moving object in the subimage based on the frequency division is analyzed from the fundamental principle. Then the developed method combines the shear averaging algorithm to focus on the moving target in the subimage, after the clutter suppression and the focusing position in each subimage is obtained. Next the observation model and the relative movement of the moving targets between the subimages estimate the moving targets. The theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that the method is effective and can not only detect the moving targets, but also estimate their motion parameters precisely.

SAR Moving Target Detection and Imaging Based on WVH Transform

Aim To propose a generalized and closed representation of the Wigner Ville Hough transform(WVHT), for the moving target detection and imaging in the design of synthetic aperture radar(SAR). Methods Based on the line integral, the WVH transform was derived by combining the Wigner Ville distribution (WVD) and the Hough transform (HT) together. The new transform was then verified with computer by the simulated SAR echoes. Results and Conclusion The correctness and the validity of the WVH transform were proved by the computer simulation. Compared with the conventional WVD HT method, the new approach based on the WVHT can simplify the processing procedure, it can translate the chirp echoes of multi targets of SAR from the time domain into the parameter space directly, while suppressing the cross terms of WVD and estimating the motion coefficients for the final imaging. It is obvious that the WVH transform can be also used in other cases for the chirp signal detection.

DEVELOPMENT OF MOVING TARGET DETECTION AND IMAGING BY AIRBORNE SAR

The detection and ima ging of moving targets based on airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a cru cial technique for the modern radar. Firstly, the mathematical model of SAR ech o signal which comes from moving targets is constructed. Based on this model, th e features of moving target imaging are introduced and the effects of target mov ement to SAR imaging are analyzed. Then the development and the status of this t echnique are reviewed in detail. Finally, some frontiers of this field are point ed out.

STUDY ON THE SIGNATURE OF GROUND MOVING TARGET FOR AIRBORNE SQUINT SAR IMAGING

Compared with the side-looking Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), the flexible beampointing of squint SAR makes great application value. This paper derives the image signature of the ground moving target after the processing of Range-Doppler (RD) algorithm, the SAR signatures of ground moving targets are analyzed, including the geometry correction, the offsets and defocusing in both range and azimuth direction. Finally, computer simulation results validate its effectiveness. The research results are especially significant for moving targets detection and parameters estimation in squint mode SAR.

IMAGING AND MTI PROCESSING BASED ON DUAL-FREQUENCIES DUAL-APERTURES SPACEBORNE SAR

Based on dual-frequencies dual-apertures spaceborne SAR （Synthetic Aperture Radar）, a new SAR system with four receiving channels and two operation modes is presented in this paper, SAR imaging and Moving Target Indication （MTI） are studied in this system. High resolution imaging with wide swath is implemented by the Mode Ⅰ, and MTI is completed by the Mode Ⅱ. High azimuth resolution is achieved by the Displaced Phase Center （DPC） multibeam technique. And the Coherent Accumulation （CA） method, which combines dual channels data of different carrier frequency, is used to enhance the range resolution. For the data of different carrier frequency, the two aperture interferometric processing is executed to implement clutter cancellation, respectively. And the couple of clutter suppressed data are employed to implement Dual Carrier Frequency Conjugate Processing （DCFCP）, then both slow and fast moving targets detection can be completed, followed by moving target imaging. The simulation results show the validity of the signal processing method of this new SAR system.

A PARAMETER ESTIMATION FOR DETECTION AND IMAGING OF MOVING TARGETS WITH SAR BY WVD

Based on a joint time-frequency two dimensional processing, this paper proposes a method for the detection and imaging of moving targets SAR by using Wigner-Ville Distribution (WVD). It is a parameter estimation method to generate a high resolution image. The problem of WVD in dealing with multi-point targets and extended targets are also discussed. The computer simulation results illustrate its availability.

REAL EXTENDED SCENE AND MOVING TARGET MULTI-CHANNEL SAR RAW SIGNAL SIMULATION

A real extended scene and moving targets multi-channel Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) raw signal simulator accounting for Inertial Navigation System(INS) errors and antenna patterns is presented in this paper. INS errors are obtained by solving INS error differential equations with Runge-Kutta method. A high resolution SAR image is used to estimate the complex reflectance of real extended scene. Extended scene and moving target are simulated separately and then are superposed in time domain. The simulated multi-channel SAR data can be used for development of multi-channel SAR Ground Moving Target Indication(SAR-GMTI) and also can be used for development of SAR motion compensation.

FrFT-CSWSF: Estimating cross-range velocities of ground moving targets using multistatic synthetic aperture radar

Estimating cross-range velocity is a challenging task for space-borne synthetic aperture radar（SAR）, which is important for ground moving target indication（GMTI）. Because the velocity of a target is very small compared with that of the satellite, it is difficult to correctly estimate it using a conventional monostatic platform algorithm. To overcome this problem, a novel method employing multistatic SAR is presented in this letter. The proposed hybrid method, which is based on an extended space-time model（ESTIM） of the azimuth signal, has two steps： first, a set of finite impulse response（FIR） filter banks based on a fractional Fourier transform（FrFT） is used to separate multiple targets within a range gate; second, a cross-correlation spectrum weighted subspace fitting（CSWSF） algorithm is applied to each of the separated signals in order to estimate their respective parameters. As verified through computer simulation with the constellations of Cartwheel, Pendulum and Helix, this proposed time-frequency-subspace method effectively improves the estimation precision of the cross-range velocities of multiple targets.

SAR Imaging of Moving Target Based on Quadratic Phase Function

In this paper, a novel signal processing technique hasbeen developed to refocus moving targets image from their smeared responses in the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image according to the characteristics of the received signals for moving targets. Quadratic Phase Function is introduced to the parameters estimation for moving target echo and SAR imaging. Our method is available even under a low SNR environment and acquiring an exact SAR image of moving targets. The simulated results demonstrated the validity of the algorithm proposed.

面向复杂场景的多通道慢速动目标稳健检测算法

针对鲁棒主成分分析(RPCA)算法在多通道慢速地面动目标指示(GMTI)中存在的高虚警以及对通道误差敏感问题,该文提出一种数据重构与速度合成孔径雷达(VSAR)-RPCA联合处理的方法。首先,通过样本挑选与联合像素法完成通道间数据精确重构;然后结合VSAR检测模式提出一种新的RPCA优化模型,通过采用交替投影乘子法对其进行求解得到空间频域的稀疏矩阵,进一步利用动目标与强杂波残余在空间频域通道的分布特性差异实现强杂波残余剔除与动目标检测;最后采用沿航迹干涉算法估计目标径向速度完成动目标重定位。相较于传统RPCA算法,所提算法在非理想强杂波背景下的虚警率显著降低。理论分析与实测实验验证了所提算法的有效性。

基于相位追踪的SAR运动目标高阶距离徙动校正方法

距离徙动校正(RCMC)是合成孔径雷达(SAR)实现运动目标参数估计和聚焦成像的关键环节。当目标或平台运动复杂时,传统低阶RCMC方法将不再适用,而现有基于参数化的高阶RCMC方法易存在模型失配和计算复杂度高的问题、现有非参数化方法在低信噪比下性能也将大幅下降。对此,该文借助扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)对造成RCM的相位进行追踪,进而构建RCM补偿函数实现RCMC。所提方法不依赖于RCM的具体模型,追踪得到的相位包含高阶分量,因此可以实现SAR运动目标的高阶RCMC。此外,EKF在进行相位追踪的同时能对信号进行滤波处理,可有效降低所提方法的信噪比(SNR)门限。与传统方法相比,该方法适用性广,计算量适中,且能校正不可忽略的高阶残余距离徙动。该文详细阐释了所提方法的原理及数学模型,并通过多组仿真和实测数据处理验证了所提方法的有效性和优越性。

基于ADMM的SAR多运动目标成像方法

为提高合成孔径雷达(SAR)多运动目标同时聚焦性能和成像效率,利用多运动目标信号的多分量线性调频信号形式和稀疏先验知识,提出基于交替方向乘子法(ADMM)的SAR多运动目标成像方法。通过建立SAR多运动目标稀疏观测模型,将多运动目标成像问题建模为稀疏特征约束下的逆问题求解。基于自适应Chirplet分解方法对目标多普勒调频率进行估计,从而实现观测矩阵设计。为获得较高的动态响应范围和较低的旁瓣响应,采用ADMM对多运动目标进行稀疏重构,ADMM将复杂的凸优化问题分解为多个交替寻找最优解的子优化问题,从而实现多运动目标图像精确且高效重构。最后通过仿真实验和机载SAR实测数据验证所提算法在聚焦成像质量和工作效率方面优于其他成像方法。

太赫兹CSAR运动目标参数估计与重聚焦方法

为了提高太赫兹圆周模式下的动目标运动参数估计精确度和成像质量,提出了一种太赫兹圆周合成孔径雷达(CSAR)运动目标参数估计与重聚焦方法。首先对传统的谱峰测量法进行改进,并结合动目标阴影位置来估计方位速度。与现有方法相比,该方法结合了目标的真实位置对多普勒频移的影响,提高了运动目标方位速度估计值的准确性。利用分数阶傅里叶变换(FrFt)估计方位相位的多普勒调频率,结合方位速度可得到目标距离速度的估计值。利用估计结果构造一阶和二阶相位补偿函数进行方位相位的补偿,对于残余的二次及高次相位误差,利用相位梯度自聚焦算法(PGA)进行补偿。仿真和实测数据中动目标运动参数得到了精确估计,并实现了良好聚焦,证明了所提方法的有效性,大大提高了运动目标的成像质量。

视频合成孔径雷达技术发展现状综述

视频合成孔径雷达(video synthetic aperture radar,ViSAR)由于能够连续观测目标区域的变化,在许多领域得到了广泛的应用。首先梳理了国内外ViSAR相关的研究动态,分析了ViSAR高帧率成像以及动目标阴影形成的原理;然后系统地阐述了国内外ViSAR系统及其处理技术的研究进展,对成像算法、运动补偿算法以及动目标检测与跟踪技术等方面的研究进展进行了梳理和总结;最后总结了目前ViSAR相关的发展,并对未来ViSAR技术的潜在研究方向进行了展望。

机载高分辨CSSAR地面加速运动目标成像方法

机载圆轨迹条带合成孔径雷达(circular stripmap synthetic aperture radar,CSSAR)的圆轨迹运动导致目标信号特性复杂、目标距离方程高阶分量显著等问题,给运动目标成像带来很多困难。考虑到高分辨是未来的发展趋势,针对机载高分辨CSSAR,提出一种地面加速运动目标成像方法。首先,针对目标距离方程高阶分量显著的问题,建立了四阶Taylor近似距离模型,以保证成像质量。接着,推导了目标二维频域信号模型,提出通过二维频域相位相乘来高效地实现目标聚焦,并利用差分进化算法高效地实现对距离模型各参数的精确搜索。最后,通过实验验证了所提方法的有效性。

EFFICIENT STRIP-MODE SAR RAW SIGNAL SIMULATION OF MIXED TARGETS BASED ON ACCURATE 2-D SPECTRUM

An accurate and efficient Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)raw data generator is of considerable value for testing system parameters and verifying imaging algorithms.Nevertheless,the existing simulator cannot exactly handle the case of the fast moving targets in high squint geometry.As for the issue,the analytical expression for the two Dimensional(2-D)signal spectrum of moving targets is derived and a fast raw echo simulation method is proposed in this study.The proposed simulator can accommodate the moving targets in the high squint geometry,whose processing steps of the simulation are given in detail and its computational complexity is analyzed.The simulation data for static and moving targets are processed and analyzed,and the results are given to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Imaging algorithm of multi-ship motion target based on compressed sensing

An imaging algorithm based on compressed sensing（CS） for the multi-ship motion target is presented. In order to reduce the quantity of data transmission in searching the ships on a large sea area, both range and azimuth of the moving ship targets are converted into sparse representation under certain signal basis. The signal reconstruction algorithm based on CS at a distant calculation station, and the Keystone and fractional Fourier transform（FRFT） algorithm are used to compensate range migration and obtain Doppler frequency. When the sea ships satisfy the sparsity, the algorithm can obtain higher resolution in both range and azimuth than the conventional imaging algorithm. Some simulations are performed to verify the reliability and stability.

Sum-difference Reduced-dimensional Processing in SAR Image Domain and Statistical Analysis for Ground Moving Target Indication

In this article, a new reduced-dimensional adaptive processing algorithm based on joint pixels sum-difference data for clutter rejection is proposed. The sum-difference data are obtained by orthogonal projection of the joint pixels data of different synthetic aperture radar （SAR） images generated by a multi-satellite radar system. In the sense of statistical expectation, the sum-difference data contain the common and different information of the SAR images. Therefore, the objective of clutter cancellation can be achieved by adaptive processing. Moreover, based on the residual image after clutter rejection, statistical analysis of constant false-alarm rate （CFAR） detection of moving targets is also presented. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm even with heterogeneous clutter and image co-registration error.

基于路网信息辅助的多星编队系统SAR-GMTI动目标径向速度估计与重定位方法

针对混合多基线系统构型下由动目标高程导致的目标径向速度估计偏差和定位偏差问题,提出一种基于路网信息辅助的动目标径向速度估计与重定位方法。首先,利用目标邻域杂波样本估计动目标的高程干涉相位导向,并结合路网先验信息补偿目标成像位置与其真实位置之间的高程差;然后,采用自适应匹配滤波算法估计目标的径向速度,并进一步将目标径向速度估计及重定位结果与路网信息进行匹配,以消除虚假估计;最后,将目标径向速度估计与重定位结果用于辅助目标高程补偿,并通过迭代处理获得最终结果。基于多星仿真数据的实验结果表明,所提方法能够有效消除目标高程影响,提升多星编队系统在地形起伏背景下的目标径向速度估计和重定位性能。

基于卷积神经网络的动目标检测

合成孔径雷达(SAR)动目标检测技术是雷达信号处理领域中的重要技术。文中利用深度学习高维特征提取能力,提出了一种基于卷积神经网络(CNN)的多通道SAR地面动目标检测算法,并针对雷达实测数据较少、动目标样本难以获得的问题,提出了基于仿真-实测混合样本集的网络训练方法完成网络的高精度训练。实测数据检测结果表明,此类方法能够有效地完成地面动目标检测,与传统动目标检测方法相比,具有显著的优势。