Valuation of forest carbon sinks in China within the framework of the system of national accounts

To better promote forest resource management and strengthen the development of forest carbon sink marketization, this paper studied the accounting of forest carbon sinks from 2003 to 2008 based on a system of national accounts （SNA） and data from the latest forest resources inventory in China. The study calculated the value of forest carbon stocks at a total of RMB 817.13 × 10^9 yuan in 2003 and RMB 839.93×10^9 yuan in 2008, with an average annual increase of 0.55 % from an increase in physical carbon sinks. The total value of forest carbon sinks in 2003 and 2008 was RMB 26.73×10^9 yuan and RMB 29.77×10^9 yuan, respectively, with an average annual growth of 2.18 %. From 2003 to 2008, both stock and flow value of forest carbon sinks increased, but the total net flow value of carbon sinks decreased. The growth rate for the environmentally adjusted Gross Domestic Product （eaGDP） for China＇s forest carbon sinks was 17.23 %, outstripping the average growth rate of 9.5 % for the GDP during the same period. The study alsoindicates that China＇s forest carbon sinks affects the GDP in the range of 0.25-0.26 %, and its economic potential is not relatively huge.

Social Accounting Matrix on the Base of the Mexican System of National Accounting

Links between institutional sectors and economic activities with National Accounting System of Mexico are studied used accounting multipliers. Key sectors had changed to strategic or leading as oil and gas extraction and dairy product manufacturing, i.e., Mexico went from a producer of goods to a service provider country, losing value added in their production chains. The mixed income is leading/independent economic activity for woman whose income is between 1 and 5 minimum wages. This is really important in the domestic economy through its impact on solidarity activities： providing care and support and providing food. Moreover, non-financial corporations and households of 10 or more minimum wages for income investing in strategic sectors such as retail trade and wholesale and manufacturing products derived from oil and coal. This is evidence of two Mexicos： the traditional and industrialized.

Role of Religion and Media Consumption in National Identity Formation of Youth in Pakistan

This research intends to study the relationship between faith, media exposure, and national identity construction of youth in Pakistan. The purpose is to ascertain the level of influence of foreign and local media consumption on national identity formation in terms of collective self-esteem and self-image of youth with high and low level of religiosity. A survey has been conducted from students （n = 321） between the age group of 16-19 living in Lahore. The results of this study revealed that respondents with high religiosity did not prefer to consume foreign media （r = -0.435＊＊ p 〈 0.01） whereas they did not show much preference to consume Pakistani media, either （r = 0.138＊, p 〈 0.05）. The level of religiosity and positive national identity had a strong and significant positive correlation （r = 0.619＊＊, p 〈 0.01）. This study also found that those respondents who preferred to consume foreign media texts demonstrated lower self-esteem and negative self-image as Pakistanis as compared to those who did not prefer foreign media consumption （r = -0.427＊＊, p 〈 0.01）. The researcher assumed that being Pakistani, a respondent would prefer to consume more national media texts over foreign and would have more positive national identity. However, results did not support this premise （r = 0.159＊＊, p 〈 0.01） due to the fact that the respondents did not show preference to consume Pakistani media at first hand. The study also connects theoretical understanding of faith and identity in Pakistani perspective along with an additional factor of media consumption. Thus, it strengthens the argument that strong faith positively contributes towards consolidating an individual＇s identity construction process. However, the results demonstrate that media tend to play a limited role in the process of identity construction compared to family and peers among Pakistani youth.

Mental accounting and consumption of self-produced food

This is an exploratory study on mental accounting and food budgeting of agricultural households,in which we assumed that agricultural households may have a mental account for consumption of their self-produced food.Accordingly,they may reserve a certain quantity of self-produced food as a set budget for own consumption,implying that they may keep on consuming their own produce until they have consumed the quantity set for the mental budget.By making the mental accounting assumption,we hypothesized that the consumption of self-produced food is independent of market price.Also,we hypothesized that the consumption of self-produced food is increasing in the quantity of production if production is lower than the set budget,and independent of the quantity of production if production exceeds the set budget.By applying a double-log demand model and using survey data from six poor rural counties in China,we tested these hypotheses for five food items,which are rice,flour,potatoes,pork,and eggs.We found that the hypothesis of no significant effect of price holds for flour,potatoes,and pork if production is lower than the set budget,and for rice,pork,and eggs if production is higher than the set budget.Production has a significant positive effect on consumption of selfproduced food but with a much greater influence when production is lower than the set budget for all five food items.These findings partly support our assumption of mental accounting of self-produced food.Limitations,policy implications,and possible future studies are discussed.

Security Threat and Data Consumption as Mojor Nuisance of Social Media on Wi-Fi Network

This research is about the nuisances of social media applications on a Wi-Fi network at a university campus in Ghana. The aim was to access the security risk on the network, the speed of the network, and the data consumption of those platforms on the network. Network Mapper (Nmap Zenmap) Graphical User Interface 7.80 application was used to scan the various social media platforms to identify the protocols, ports, services, etc. to enable in accessing the vulnerability of the network. Data consumption of users’ mobile devices was collected and analyzed. Device Accounting (DA) based on the various social media applications was used. The results of the analysis revealed that the network is prone to attacks due to the nature of the protocols, ports, and services on social media applications. The numerous users with average monthly data consumption per user of 4 gigabytes, 300 megabytes on social media alone are a clear indication of high traffic as well as the cost of maintaining the network. A URL filtering of the social media websites was proposed on Rockus Outdoor AP to help curb the nuisance.

Principal Features of Building Social Accounts Matrix and Improving Statistical Database for Eco-countries

With common borders of the population, total area, and GDP （PPP-based） of Economic Cooperation Organization （ECO） member states are estimated as 416 million persons, 7.9 million m2, and US$2.7 trillion respectively （2010 data）. Although heterogeneous in the extent, there is economic development, overall, with serious energy and transport-transit relations among countries that is reflected in growing trade turnover year-by-year. However, there are still rather unused resources and capacity in such areas of cooperation among countries as exchange of energy, transport services, agricultural and industrial goods, use of opportunities for tourism, promoting investment and innovation processes and other areas. Certainly, maximum and optimal use of these resources calls for availability of analytical means capable of accounting for relations both within member states and among them. The implementation of computable general equilibrium （CGE） modeling in each member state would thus be of great significance in resolution of these problems both in terms of accounting for input-output linkages within the countries as well as enabling impact of main trading partners and goods and services among countries. The analysis carried out indicates that there are a number of problems in application of CGE model in most of the member states. As such, input-output tables are not compiled in some countries, while in others despite the fact that these tables are compiled, there are no attempts to build the model, yet in other countries, even if the CGE model is implemented, there are difficulties in taking into account the real results in the face of serious problems related to improving national accounts system database. Summarizing these problems, it is possible to conclude that to ensure the application of a CGE model,there is a great need to work out procedures of compilation of a social accounts matrix （SAM） that lies on the basis of this model, for which the relevant statistics of a member state must be improved. Considering the above-mentioned, the presented research, makes procedures and proposals on compilation of SAM, improves statistical data for researching the extent of application of CGE Model in ECO member states, and identifies the degree of availability and organization of relevant data to develop input-output tables and respective SAM.

National Electricity Generation,Electricity Consumption and Peak Load by Grid (March 2006)

Statistics on electricity generation and time of frequency over-limit;Statistics on electricity consumption and peak load.

National Electricity Generation,Electricity Consumption and Peak Load by Grid (April 2006)

Statistics on electricity generation and time of frequency over-limit;Statistics on electricity consumption and peak load.

The First Complusory National Standard on Automobile Fuel Consumption Issued

On October 28th, hosted by the General Adminis tration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of China (AQSIQ) and Standardization Administration of China (SAC), the press conference of the compulsory national standard Limits of Fuel Consumption for Passenger Cars (GB 19578-2004) was held in Beijing. The national standard was approved by AQSIQ and SAC on September 2nd 2004 and will be formally implemented on July 1st 2005.

Implications of Declining Ground Water and Water Quality in the US Southeastern Coastal Plain Ecoregion and Areawide Environmental Impact Statement Required for Mining in the Greater Okefenokee Swamp Basin—Part 1

Karst aquifers occur worldwide and exhibit groundwater flow responses that differ considerably from aquifers lacking fractures, bedding planes, and other karst conduits where significant and rapid groundwater flow can occur. The regional, karst Floridan aquifer system underlies the United States (US) Southeastern Coastal Plain Physiographic Region and exhibits hydrologic interconnections with overlying surficial aquifers and throughout other zones of the aquifer system, as is characteristic of other karst aquifer systems. Anthropogenic groundwater declines in this regional karst aquifer system have been documented in published literature for decades, but the impacts of those declines in this coastal plain region and the embedded ecosystems that provide essential and critical habitat for native, endemic, and federally endangered and threatened species have not been considered previously. Those anthropogenic groundwater declines reduce surfacewater levels and flows due to the capture of both groundwater and overland flow of surfacewater, resulting in induced recharge through semi-confining zones and interbasin flow through fractures and other karst conduits. This case study identifies examples from the Greater Okefenokee Swamp Basin study area and comparison areas of how those declines result in loss of historic base flow to surface waters and other capture of surface waters, ultimately increasing saltwater intrusion. Those results alter and degrade the physical, chemical, and biological integrity of the nation’s waters, in violation of the US Clean Water Act (CWA) of 1972. Historic groundwater declines from mining and other anthropogenic groundwater withdrawals from this regional karst aquifer system already threaten the survival and recovery of federally endangered and threatened species, as well as existing and proposed critical habitat for those species within this regional extent, in violation of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973. This case study and its companion publication (Part 2) appear to be the first to provide scientific support for this regional karst aquifer system as the unifying factor in habitat responses to irreversible groundwater impacts on aquatic and marine ecosystems. These adverse impacts strongly suggest that the extent of the regional Floridan aquifer system should be designated as the Southeastern Coastal Plain Ecoregion for the purpose of managing natural resources. Mining activities continue to expand in our study area, which is the Greater Okefenokee Swamp Basin. Despite that fact, no comprehensive Areawide Environmental Impact Statement (AEIS), similar to the AEIS required for phosphate mining within the Central Florida Phosphate District (CFPD) approximately a decade ago has been conducted for any of the numerous mining projects that are occurring and are proposed within the Greater Okefenokee Swamp Basin. This case study also provides examples of why a comprehensive AEIS is essential to consider all of the adverse direct, indirect, and cumulative impacts of those mining activities to the CWA, the ESA, and the irreversible losses to local economies, because federal agencies responsible for considering those adverse impacts rely on public comments to identify those adverse impacts. The mining activities authorized throughout the regional Floridan aquifer system under Category 44 Nationwide Permits (NWP) result in the same type of adverse impacts as the mining activities evaluated under Individual Permits in that region. Therefore, those Category 44 NWP mining activities also should be required to obtain Individual Permits and be evaluated under an AEIS in the Greater Okefenokee Swamp Basin. This case study also describes how Florida’s assumption of the CWA Section 404 regulatory authority in 2020 severs four sub-basins within the Greater Okefenokee Swamp Basin study area at the state line between Florida and Georgia.

青藏高原“一江两河”农区居民家庭食物消费生态足迹核算

核算区域食物消费及其资源环境代价对优化区域食物供应、加强区域生态保护与调整食物安全战略具有重要意义。基于实地调研获取的2018年青藏高原“一江两河”农区居民家庭食物消费一手数据,在分析居民食物消费数量与结构的基础上核算其生态足迹。主要结论如下:(1)“一江两河”农区居民家庭人均食物消费量为482.44 kg人^(-1)a^(-1),全年区域食物消费总量达36.90万t,其中植物性食物消费占比74.4%,约是动物性食物(25.6%)的2.91倍;消费结构中,蔬菜占比最高(29.4%),其次是青稞(20.7%)和奶类(15.3%),肉类消费以牛羊肉为主(88.4%);(2)区域食物消费所占用的生态足迹总量高达41.41万hm^(2),是“一江两河”所在三市(拉萨、日喀则和山南)耕地面积的2.48倍,肉类消费所占用的生态足迹最大(51.1%);食物消费的生态足迹有30.8%来自外地,其中以甘肃、青海、新疆三地居多。

中国分享经济卫星账户框架设计

分享经济的飞速发展给传统国民经济核算带来了巨大挑战,为便于探究分享经济与国民经济各部门之间的关系,进一步分析分享经济的发展及其对国民经济的贡献,文章基于现行国民经济核算理论,从分享经济相关概念界定、分享经济产业和产品分类等方面入手,构建包含SESA供给表、使用表、资产负债表和就业表的分享经济卫星账户框架,并在框架设计的基础上,结合案例推介分享经济卫星账户的具体使用过程。

认同理论视角下国际女子职业体育赛事的媒体消费影响因素研究

当前媒体消费是体育产业和体育组织健康发展的主要驱动力与重要基础,对女子职业体育赛事的媒体消费状况及影响因素进行探讨。无论从学术研究还是从实践发展的角度来看,了解认同因素对国际女子职业体育赛事媒体消费的影响机理非常必要。研究收集了中国大学生2023年第9届女足世界杯媒体消费数据,并用偏最小二乘法进行分析。结果表明,中国大学生的国家认同、球队认同和男性气质能够通过观赛动机积极预测该届女足世界杯媒体消费,而女性气质则不具有相关性。不同社会历史背景下形成的消费者的认同会对国际女子职业体育赛事媒体消费产生不同影响,因而在国际女子职业体育赛事的推广发展中,应为不同地区、不同历史文化背景、不同认同水平的消费者制定更具针对性的营销策略,以促进女子职业体育的健康可持续发展。

能耗双控逐步转向碳排放双控研究

推动能耗双控逐步转向碳排放双控是党中央全面深化改革、适应新发展阶段需求的重大战略决策,对深入落实“双碳”目标、统筹好发展与安全关系,及实现高质量发展具有十分重要的意义。当前,推动能耗双控逐步转向碳排放双控面临有机衔接条件欠缺、政策体系不完善、核算体系基础能力不足和指标分解存在挑战四方面的主要问题,建议在完善能耗双控的基础上实现两者有机衔接、尽快完善碳排放双控政策体系、强化碳排放核算和碳市场交易的基础能力建设、统筹好部门职责划分、区域和产业间指标分解。

环境经济核算体系空间分解的国际经验、发展困境与政策举措

环境经济核算体系(SEEA)是量化环境状况和环境与经济间复杂关系的有效统计工具,但其全国总量掩盖了地区差异。空间分解作为国际前沿的SEEA扩展方法,可显示SEEA数据的精确空间位置或详细行政区域,为环境治理和区域规划提供更为科学细致的数据支持。国际标准明确了SEEA空间分解的相关方法,并有45个国家实践SEEA的空间分解,进而将此方法推广至国民账户体系(SNA)和其他数据,初步建设了环境、经济、社会三位一体的空间数据基础设施。我国已试编SEEA部分账户,但进一步开展SEEA空间分解工作面临空间单位库尚未建设、数据口径不一致、SEEA建设不完善的问题,导致我国难以准确划分各地环境治理的任务和收益,制约了地方政府环境治理积极性。为此确定空间分辨率,建立全面统一的空间单位库;收集和协调数据,建立空间数据基础设施;全面建设SEEA,提供充足总量数据供空间分解;分解SEEA、SNA和其他数据,绘制环境、经济、社会综合数据地图;完善空间数据管理方法,提升数据质量和使用便利程度。

面向耗水管理的河北平原灌区水会计设计与应用

当前最严格水资源管理制度在我国正被不断深化,“三条红线”在水资源管理中发挥了关键性作用,但其与“真实节水”、微观个体管理及水资源利用效益管理方面的联系并不密切,亟待探索更为有效的手段,以完善新时期的水资源管理体系。在充分考虑水会计制度在不同层次核算主体间的适用性的基础上,结合灌区水会计制度的应用需求,将水循环物理机制中的耗水过程与水会计制度的各个环节进行融合,从精细化核算角度对灌区农业生产中的涉水要素重新进行了科目设计,提出了面向耗水管理的水会计核算方法体系,构建了面向耗水管理的水会计制度框架,并以河北平原的永安村灌区为例开展了实例应用。结果表明:该体系有效加强了耗水侧的控制与管理,通过调整种植结构(3种方案)和灌溉方式,农户农灌用水量分别下降了38.8%、22.2%、60.0%和39.8%,耗水量分别下降了36.6%、19.0%、56.5%和8.2%,且在消减各项水负债的同时有效提高了农户的经济效益;相比传统模式,文中提出的水会计制度更适用于灌区水资源管理,也更符合新时期我国最严格水资源管理制度与节水型社会构建的发展需求。

我国智能体育发展研究

运用文献资料、实地调研、案例分析等方法,探析我国智能体育发展价值、阻滞,并提出发展路径。价值:赋予体育产业发展新动能,满足群众个性化运动需求,合理化配置公共体育资源,构建本体运动交互生态圈。阻滞:企业智能创新能力有待提升,体育消费主体动力有待激发,数据驱动治理体系有待完善,智能体育应用落地存在瓶颈。发展路径:改善企业创新环境,润生消费主体活力,健全数字治理体系,建构智能体育场域。

创建文明城市对地方居民消费的影响机制研究

基于“全国文明城市”评选活动的准自然实验,依据2003—2021年282个地级市面板数据,运用多期DID、PSM-DID、安慰剂检验、反事实分析等方法,检验创建文明城市对地区居民消费的影响效应和作用机制。结果显示:创建文明城市扩大了地区常住人口规模、增大了人口密度、提升了地区消费总量、降低了地区人均消费水平,且在城市商业发展水平、区位特征、常住人口规模方面具有异质性。鉴于此,应多措并举,因城施策,优化评选体系与复查机制,提升城市治理水平,增强流动人口定居意愿,促进创建文明城市对地区经济社会发展的长期效应。

生态系统服务的潜在供给与实际使用——以密云水库为例

以北京市重要水源地——密云水库为对象,采用影子工程法、替代成本法等方法核算了水源涵养、洪水调蓄、水质净化和气候调节的潜在供给与实际使用价值。结果表明:(1)2020年,密云水库潜在供给价值为671.42亿元,实际使用价值为303.42亿元。2000—2020年,二者增幅分别为3.8%和76.6%;(2)2020年,密云水库生态系统服务平均利用率为45.2%,2000—2020年,上升了18.6%;(3)密云水库潜在供给与实际使用价值呈正相关,即生态系统服务的供应强度越大,人类对其使用程度越高;(4)2020年,密云水库以占密云区约6.3%的面积承担起了全区约35.1%的潜在供给价值和75.5%的实际使用价值。案例研究表明,潜在供给可为生态保护工程和措施的效益评估提供数据支撑,实际使用可纳入国民经济核算,为生态补偿和生态交易的标准制定提供决策支持和政策导向。