Life cycle assessment in the environmental impact evaluation of urbandevelopment--a case study of land readjustment project,Hyogo District, Japan

In this paper, the Life Cycle of Urban Development was firstly analyzed, and the phases of Life Cycle Assessment applied to Urban Development (ULCA) were described. As a case study, ULCA was applied in the environmental impact assessment of the land readjustment project of Hyogo District of Saga, Japan. In addition, mitigation proposals for reducing CO2 were also presented and the relevant environmental ef-fects were simulated.

Study on Rural Tourism Development Based on Resort Life Cycle

This paper expounded the proposing process,basic content and development of Resort Life Cycle Theory and analyzed rural tourism development in our country by using this theory.Rural tourism in our country generally experienced exploration,involvement and development period,and now was in consolidated phase.However,as China covered a large territory and rural tourism development differed greatly from place to place,the regional developmental level and developmental stage of rural tourism should be indentified according to local actual conditions.Meanwhile,in order to prevent rural tourism in our country from entering decline stage after consolidation stage,the author put forward six suggestions on achievement of its sustainable development,that is,overall planning and strengthening attractive power;intensifying sales promotion and improving popularity;enhancing government's guide management and cultivating high-quality tourist talents;strengthening regional cooperation and promoting competitive strength;highlighting ecological subject and emphasizing integration of tourism production.

Life cycle and morphology of development stages of Physocephalus dromedarii (Nematoda: Spirocercidae)

Objective: To study the development of Physocephalus dromedarii(P. dromedarii) in the final host.Methods: For this, 5 adult dromedaries were orally infected with third larval stages of P. dromedarii obtained from naturally infected scarab beetles(Scarabaeus cristatus). The camels were necropsied 14, 42, 70, 84 and 280 days after infection and their abomasi were examined for the presence of nematodes.Results: Early 4th stage larva occurred already 2 weeks after infection. They were still in the sheet of the 3rd stage larva. Six weeks after infection, the nematodes became juvenile male and female adults measuring 9 and 10 mm, respectively. Their size doubled at 10 weeks post infection and patency was reached at 12 weeks. P. dromedarii was still present in the camel that was examined 40 weeks after infection.Conclusions: As a result of experimental infection of the natural host, the determined prepatent period of P. dromedarii equalled 12 weeks.

THE LIFE-CYCLE OF MINERAL CONSUMPTION IN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND ITS IMPLICATION

Social achievement in the world is dependent to a great extent on the development of mineral resources. A changing pattern of the Life Cycle in mineral consumption, with a general pattern of introduction, growth, stability and decline, is seen as a determinant factor not only to the transformation of industrial structure, but also to the infrastructural construction, industrial location, the spatial organization of urban development as well as regional environmental protection.

Development of a Disaggregated Hybrid Model for Life Cycle Assessment and De-manufacturing

The de-manufacturing stage is an overlooked component of most current LCA （life cycle assessment） methodologies. Most of the current LCA techniques do not fully account for the usage of the product and end of life aspects. This paper introduces a comprehensive methodology that takes strong consideration of the inventory costs of use and end of life of the functional unit by combining manufacturing and de-manufacturing into the centerpiece of the hybrid analysis. In order to obtain this goal, a new disaggregated model was developed by enhancing current LCA hybrid methods related to life cycle inventory compilations. The new methodology is also compared to existing methodologies.

Implementation Path and Development Trend of Green Buildings Based on Life Cycle Management

In response to the Beautiful China development strategy,in accordance with the"applicable,economical,green and beautiful"architectural policy of the new era,green buildings have been continuously optimized and popularized.Based on the life cycle theory,from the multi-dimensional perspectives of policy,building materials,construction,design,evaluation standards,operation,etc.,this paper studied the implementation path and development trend of green buildings.It discussed the main implementation paths and restrictive factors of green buildings,and provided solutions and development directions.It mainly elaborated the influencing factors and development direction of green buildings,in order to provide a documentary support for the development of green building industry,and provide a certain reference for the ecological civilization construction of beautiful China.

Analysis on Sustainable Development of Tire Industry Cluster based on Life Cycle Theory

The research on the tire industry cluster based on life cycle theory can be carried out by a four stage periods,namely initial period,growth period,maturity period,and recession period.This paper analyzes on the possible risks taken in each life cycle period as well as proposes corresponding suggestions to strengthen the research by looking into the conditions and factors of the continuous sustainable development process in a tire industry.

Development Trend of Water Supply and Drainage Engineering Based on Life Cycle Assessment and Building Information Model

With the rapid development of construction engineering and municipal engineering in recent years, water supply and drainage technology has gradually matured. Building water supply and drainage design contains the design of rainwater drainage, sewage drainage design, water supply design and fire water supply design. At present, the research on the life cycle assessment of urban drainage system is mainly focused on the sewage treatment plant, therefore in this paper we introduce the theoretical basis of life cycle assessment. In the era of information network, building information model（BIM） technology is widely applied to the design of building water supply and drainage, which and effectively improves the design effi ciency, and makes up for the traditional water supply and drainage design of a lot of problems. In this paper, we analyze the development trend of water supply and drainage engineering based on life cycle assessment and building information model.

Educational Software Development Life Cycle Stages

Technological innovations have revolutionized the educational technology into various dimensions. Educational processes without educational technology have no value in this modern world. In education domain, the educational software has simplified the processes in greater extend. A implemented while developing such educational software. In particu proper lar, the development methodology has to be software developed to enrich these education processes should follow a development strategy to motivate the end users to utilize the hypermedia potentials. The software development life cycle （SDLC） has different phases in designing such educationa technology and assists the end users to benefit from the modern technology. This study identifies the various factors to be considered at each phase of the SDLC while developing educational software. Also, this study proposes some suggestions to be followed in ESDLC with respect to educational processes perspectives. The core idea of this study is to identify the various issues in implementing such educational software in day to day teaching and learning processes.

Research on the Low Carbon Development Strategy of the Real Estate Enterprise Based on the Whole Life Cycle of the Project

This paper analyzes the present development situations of the real estate industry, puts forwards the low carbon development strategies based on the project life cycle for the real estate enterprises, and points out the corresponding assistant suggestions according to the predicament in the implementation of low carbon strategy. The purpose is to provide a theoretical reference for low carbon development of the real estate enterprises and the healthy and sustainable development of the real estate industry.

Development and Actuality of Life Cycle Cost Technique in China

Life cycle cost technique is a powerful tool to make a scientific decision and a useful method of advancing the continuable development of the society. In this paper, development course, application actuality and up-to-date research trends of life cycle cost technique in China are summarized. Some suggestions are given on how to general- ize the application of life cycle cost technique which are used as the reference to study life cycle cost technique.

Review of Oil and Gas Development Life Cycle Project Management (LCPM)

The effective implementation of the project management plays a core roll in avoiding bad project use effect and waste of funds, caused by asset management planning and design errors or equipment selection errors;meanwhile, it can effectively improve the operational efficiency of enterprise assets, lower operating costs and save resources. In June 1974, A. Gordon published a paper “3L Economics Concept” as the starting point, on the “Building and Quantity Surveying”, which is organized by the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors. In this paper, a review of domestic and foreign research, from 1974 to 2015, on the total life cycle management progress will be given, and then a comment on it will be established. After detailed investigation and analysis of related materials, we can draw a conclusion: the study of the oil and gas development project lifecycle management is just beginning now. Hence, building the whole life cycle planning index system in line with the characteristics of oil and gas development project is very necessary.

Life cycle assessment as a prospective tool for sustainable agriculture and food planning at a local level

Owing to the far-reaching environmental consequences of agriculture and food systems,such as their contribution to climate change,there is an urgent need to reduce their impact.International and national governments set sustainability targets and implement corresponding measures.Nevertheless,critics of the globalized system claim that a territorial administrative scale is better suited to address sustainability issues.Yet,at the subnational level,local authorities rarely apply a systemic environmental assessment to enhance their action plans.This paper employs a territorial life cycle assessment methodology to improve local environmental agri-food planning.The objective is to identify significant direct and indirect environmental hotspots,their origins,and formulate effective mitigation strategies.The methodology is applied to the administrative department of Finistere,a strategic agricultural region in North-Western France.Multiple environmental criteria including climate change,fossil resource scarcity,toxicity,and land use are modeled.The findings reveal that the primary environmental hotspots of the studied local food system arise from indirect sources,such as livestock feed or diesel consumption.Livestock reduction and organic farming conversion emerge as the most environmentally efficient strategies,resulting in a 25%decrease in the climate change indicator.However,the overall modeled impact reduction is insufficient following national objectives and remains limited for the land use indicator.These results highlight the innovative application of life cycle assessment led at a local level,offering insights for the further advancement of systematic and prospective local agri-food assessment.Additionally,they provide guidance for local authorities to enhance the sustainability of planning strategies.

Research onthe Industrial Technology StandardDevelopment Momentum and Evolution Cycle

标准的竞争已经成为产业技术竞争的至高点,谁掌握了产业技术标准就意味着掌控了竞争的决定性力量D 产业技术标准具有公共物品属性、中介性、路径依赖性和垄断性特征D 对产业技术标准动力系统进行分析发现,市场需求劳动、技术创新、技术标准的网络效应和强制性力量是决定技术标准胜出的主要力量.产业技术标准也是不断变化的,也经历着产生、成长、成熟和衰落四个阶段性规律性的变化周期.由于技术创新发展速度和市场接纳程度的不同,不同产业技术标准在每一个阶段维持的时间不同.

Investigation into the Methodology and Implementation of Life Cycle Engineering under China’s Carbon Reduction Target in the Process Industry

The industrial sector is the primary source of carbon emissions in China.In pursuit of meeting its carbon reduction targets,China aims to promote resource consumption sustainability,reduce energy consumption,and achieve carbon neutrality within its processing industries.An effective strategy to promote energy savings and carbon reduction throughout the life cycle of materials is by applying life cycle engineering technology.This strategy aims to attain an optimal solution for material performance,resource consumption,and environmental impact.In this study,five types of technologies were considered:raw material replacement,process reengineering,fuel replacement,energy recycling and reutilization,and material recycling and reutilization.The meaning,methodology,and development status of life cycle engineering technology abroad and domestically are discussed in detail.A multidimensional analysis of ecological design was conducted from the perspectives of resource and energy consumption,carbon emissions,product performance,and recycling of secondary resources in a manufacturing process.This coupled with an integrated method to analyze carbon emissions in the entire life cycle of a material process industry was applied to the nonferrous industry,as an example.The results provide effective ideas and solutions for achieving low or zero carbon emission production in the Chinese industry as recycled aluminum and primary aluminum based on advanced technologies had reduced resource consumption and emissions as compared to primary aluminum production.

Growth of RB Population in the Conversion Phase of Chlamydia Life Cycle

Upon infecting a host cell,the reticulate body(RB)form of the Chlamydia bacteria simply proliferates by binary fission for an extended period.Available data show only RB units in the infected cells 20 hours post infection(hpi),spanning nearly half way through the development cycle.With data collected every 4 hpi,conversion to the elementary body(EB)form begins abruptly at a rapid rate sometime around 24 hpi.By modeling proliferation and conversion as simple birth and death processes,it has been shown that the optimal strategy for maximizing the total(mean)EB population at host cell lysis time is a bang-bang control qualitatively replicating the observed conversion activities.However,the simple birth and death model for the RB proliferation and conversion to EB deviates in a significant way from the available data on the evolution of the RB population after the onset of RB-to-EB conversion.By working with a more refined model that takes into account a small size threshold eligibility requirement for conversion noted in the available data,we succeed in removing the deficiency of the previous models on the evolution of the RB population without affecting the optimal bang-bang conversion strategy.

Crystalline and amorphous metal sulfide composite electrode materials with long cycle life:Preparation and performance of hybrid capacitors

Crystalline@amorphous NiCo_(2)S_(4)@MoS_(2)(v-NCS@MS)nanostructures were designed and constructed via an ethylene glycol-induced strategy with hydrothermal synthesis and solvothermal method,which simultaneously realized the defect regulation of crystal NiCo_(2)S_(4) in the core.Taking advantage of the flexible protection of an amor-phous shell and the high capacity of a conductive core with defects,the v-NCS@MS electrode exhibited high specif-ic capacity(1034 mAh·g^(-1) at 1 A·g^(-1))and outstanding rate capability.Moreover,a hybrid supercapacitor was assembled with v-NCS@MS as cathode and activated carbon(AC)as anode,which can achieve remarkably high specific energy of 111 Wh·kg^(-1) at a specific power of 219 W·kg^(-1) and outstanding capacity retention of 80.5%after 15000 cycling at different current densities.

Diagnostic values of questionnaires of Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey and College of Optometrists Vision Development Quality of Life in the screening of convergence insufficiency

AIM:To compare and analyse the diagnostic efficacy of the College of Optometrists Vision Development Quality of Life Questionnaire(COVD-QOL)and the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey(CISS)in detecting convergence insufficiency and to compare their diagnostic value in clinical applications.METHODS:Using the diagnostic test method,62 adult patients with convergence insufficiency(age:24.74±3.75y)and 62 normal participants(age:23.61±3.13y)who visited the Optometry Clinic of West China Hospital of Sichuan University from April 2021 to January 2023 were included.All subjects completed the CISS and COVD-QOL.Statistical analysis of the sensitivity and specificity of the CISS and COVD-QOL and comparison and joint experimental analysis of their diagnostic efficacy were performed.RESULTS:The sensitivity of the CISS and COVD-QOL for convergence insufficiency was 64.5%and 71.0%,respectively,while the specificity was 96.8%and 67.7%,respectively.Compared to the CISS alone,the combination of the CISS and COVD-QOL demonstrated lower sensitivity and specificity.The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of CISS,COVD-QOL and CISS combined with COVD-QOL were 0.806,0.694 and 0.782,respectively.CONCLUSION:Considering the low sensitivity of the CISS and the low specificity of the COVD-QOL,it is recommended to supplement these questionnaires with other screening tests for the detection of convergence insufficiency.

Development, Translation and Validation of the Circle of Life (CoL) Satisfaction Scale Assessment Tool: An Integrative Nutrition Approach

Objectives: This study was designed to validate, test and translate a newly developed assessment tool for health coaches to assess client’s satisfaction rates of the Circle of Life (CoL), as a guide for weight management and also to monitor clients’ health and wellbeing improvements. This includes development of the assessment content, content validity, translating and pretesting the tool among potential clients. Method: 18 participants enrolled in a telenutrition weight loss program was and received a hypocaloric diet that was supported with monthly telemonitoring and health coaching sessions remotely for 6 months. Thus, we developed content of the assessment tool and created a rating scale of three levels of satisfaction (completely satisfied, slightly satisfied and not satisfied). The process of validation included content and language validity by experts in the field and language. Results: High scores according to the content validity rating were seen on both English and language versions of the CoL assessment tool by experts. Followed by a pre-testing process by participants, which showed reliability and consistency of the (CoL) variables using a multilevel analysis seeks across all individuals and all individuals had similar correlational pattern. Conclusions: The new (CoL) satisfaction scale have demonstrated a good capacity for identifying lifestyle factors associated with participants weight, which is a useful tool for integrative nutrition practice in weight management interventions. Future studies must be directed towards using the tool in assessing different populations and cultures to understand the main root of obesity in relation to behavior and day to day life factors.

A Review of the Life Cycle Analysis for Plastic Waste Pyrolysis

Pyrolysis is a rapidly expanding chemical-based recyclable method that complements physical recycling. It avoids improper disposal of post-consumer polymers and mitigates the ecological problems linked to the production of new plastic. Nevertheless, while there is a consensus that pyrolysis might be a crucial technology in the years to come, more discussions are needed to address the challenges related to scaling up, the long-term sustainability of the process, and additional variables essential to the advancement of the green economy. Herein, it emphasizes knowledge gaps and methodological issues in current Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), underlining the need for standardized techniques and updated data to support robust decision-making for adopting pyrolysis technologies in waste management strategies. For this purpose, this study reviews the LCAs of pyrolytic processes, encompassing the complete life cycle, from feedstock collection to end-product distribution, including elements such as energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and waste creation. Hence, we evaluate diverse pyrolysis processes, including slow, rapid, and catalytic pyrolysis, emphasizing their distinct efficiency and environmental footprints. Furthermore, we evaluate the impact of feedstock composition, process parameters, and scale of operation on the overall sustainability of pyrolysis-based plastic waste treatment by integrating results from current literature and identifying essential research needs. Therefore, this paper argues that existing LCA studies need more coherence and accuracy. It follows a thorough evaluation of previous research and suggests new insights into methodologies and restrictions.