Framework of Distributed Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean-Wave Modeling System

In order to research the interactions between the atmosphere and ocean as well as their important role in the intensive weather systems of coastal areas, and to improve the forecasting ability of the hazardous weather processes of coastal areas, a coupled atmosphere-ocean-wave modeling system has been developed. The agent-based environment framework for linking models allows flexible and dynamic information exchange between models. For the purpose of flexibility, portability and scalability, the framework of the whole system takes a multi-layer architecture that includes a user interface layer, computational layer and service-enabling layer. The numerical experiment presented in this paper demonstrates the performance of the distributed coupled modeling system.

Contrasts of bimodal tropical instability waves(TIWs)-induced wind stress perturbations in the Pacific Ocean among observations,ocean models,and coupled climate models

The coupling between wind stress perturbations and sea surface temperature(SST)perturbations induced by tropical instability waves(TIWs)in the Pacific Ocean has been revealed previously and proven crucial to both the atmosphere and ocean.However,an overlooked fact by previous studies is that the loosely defined“TIWs”actually consist of two modes,including the Yanai wave-based TIW on the equator(hereafter eTIW)and the Rossby wave-based TIW off the equator(hereafter vTIW).Hence,the individual feedbacks of the wind stress to the bimodal TIWs remain unexplored.In this study,individual coupling relationships are established for both eTIW and v TIW,including the relationship between the TIW-induced SST perturbations and two components of wind stress perturbations,and the relationship between the TIW-induced wind stress perturbation divergence(curl)and the downwind(crosswind)TIW-induced SST gradients.Results show that,due to different distributions of eTIW and vTIW,the coupling strength induced by the eTIW is stronger on the equator,and that by the vTIW is stronger off the equator.The results of any of eTIW and vTIW are higher than those of the loosely defined TIWs.We further investigated how well the coupling relationships remained in several widely recognized oceanic general circulation models and fully coupled climate models.However,the coupling relationships cannot be well represented in most numerical models.Finally,we confirmed that higher resolution usually corresponds to more accurate simulation.Therefore,the coupling models established in this study are complementary to previous research and can be used to refine the oceanic and coupled climate models.

Virtually coupled train set control subject to space-time separation:A distributed economic MPC approach with emergency braking configuration

The emerging virtual coupling technology aims to operate multiple train units in a Virtually Coupled Train Set(VCTS)at a minimal but safe distance.To guarantee collision avoidance,the safety distance should be calculated using the state-of-the-art space-time separation principle that separates the Emergency Braking(EB)trajectories of two successive units during the whole EB process.In this case,the minimal safety distance is usually numerically calculated without an analytic formulation.Thus,the constrained VCTS control problem is hard to address with space-time separation,which is still a gap in the existing literature.To solve this problem,we propose a Distributed Economic Model Predictive Control(DEMPC)approach with computation efficiency and theoretical guarantee.Specifically,to alleviate the computation burden,we transform implicit safety constraints into explicitly linear ones,such that the optimal control problem in DEMPC is a quadratic programming problem that can be solved efficiently.For theoretical analysis,sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the recursive feasibility and stability of DEMPC,employing compatibility constraints,tube techniques and terminal ingredient tuning.Moreover,we extend our approach with globally optimal and distributed online EB configuration methods to shorten the minimal distance among VCTS.Finally,experimental results demonstrate the performance and advantages of the proposed approaches.

Natural Frequency of the Bridge—Vehicle Coupled System Considering Uniform Distributed Moving Load

Natural frequencies of the bridge—vehicle coupling system considering uniform distributed load varying with position is investigated in this work.An analytic model of a simply supported beam bridge with constant section is introduced to establish the frequency equations of the coupled system.Comparisons with the results between analytic model and FEM indicate that the present research is correct and reasonable.In view of an example bridge,natural frequencies are studied on the bridge subjected to uniform distributed moving loads in cases of different weight and span,by which some regular phenomenon are obtained.The present study can apply in the engineering problem of interaction between bridges and moving loads such as trains and tracked vehicles.

A Numerical Study of a TOGA-COARE Squall-Line Using a Coupled Mesoscale Atmosphere-Ocean Model

An atmosphere-ocean coupled mesoscale modeling system is developed and used to investigate the interactions between a squall line and the upper ocean observed over the western Paci?c warm pool during the Tropical Ocean/Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean and Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA-COARE). The modeling system is developed by coupling the Advanced Regional Prediction Sys- tem (ARPS) to the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) through precipitation and two-way exchanges of mo- mentum, heat, and moisture across the air-sea interface. The results indicate that the interaction between the squall-line and the upper ocean produced noticeable di?erences in the sensible and latent heat ?uxes, as compared to the uncoupled cases. Precipitation, which is often ignored in air-sea heat ?ux estimates, played a major role in the coupling between the mesoscale convective system and the ocean. Precipitation a?ected the air-sea interaction through both freshwater ?ux and sensible heat ?ux. The former led to the formation of a thin stable ocean layer underneath and behind the precipitating atmospheric convection. The presence of this stable layer resulted in a more signi?cant convection-induced sea surface temperature (SST) change in and behind the precipitation zone. However, convection-induced SST changes do not seem to play an important role in the intsensi?cation of the existing convective system that resulted in the SST change, as the convection quickly moved away from the region of original SST response.

Preliminary analysis of the zonal distribution of ENSO-related SSTA in three CMIP5 coupled models

The simulated sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA)over the tropical Pacific during El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO)is investigated in three representative coupled models:CESM1-CAM5,FGOALS-s2,and FGOALS-g2.It is found that there is a significant westward shift bias in reproducing the zonal distribution(ZD)of the ENSO-related SSTA in CESM1-CAM5 and FGOALS-s2,whereas the SSTA-ZD simulated by FGOALS-g2 is relatively realistic.Through examining the SSTA-ZD during both warm and cold phases of ENSO separately,the authors reveal that the SSTA-ZD simulation bias during the ENSO cycle mainly lies in the bias during the warm phase.It is noted that both the simulated zonal wind stress anomaly(τ’_x)and shortwave heat flux(SW)anomaly exhibit westward shift biases in CESM1-CAM5 and FGOALS-s2,while the counterparts in FGOALS-g2 are relatively reasonable.The westward shift biases in representingτ’_x and the SW anomaly(SWA)are attributed to the westward-shifted precipitation anomaly(PrA).It is suggested that the mean SST cold bias over the cold tongue region is the key factor behind the westward-shift bias in simulating the El Ni?o-related PrA,which leads to the westward-shiftedτ’_x and SWA.Collectively,the aforementioned anomaly fields,including the dynamic part(τ’_x)and thermodynamic part(SWA),contribute to the westward-shift bias in simulating the El Ni?o-related SSTA.This study provides clues for understanding the ZD simulation biases of ENSO-related fields;however,further in-depth investigation with more model simulations,especially the incoming CMIP6 simulations,is still needed to fully understand the ENSO SSTA-ZD simulation bias in coupled models.

Assessment of earthquake-induced landslide hazard zoning using the physics-environmental coupled Model

In order to prevent and mitigate disasters,it is crucial to immediately and properly assess the spatial distribution of landslide hazards in the earthquake-affected area.Currently,there are primarily two categories of assessment techniques:the physical mechanism-based method(PMBM),which considers the landslide dynamics and has the advantages of effectiveness and proactivity;the environmental factor-based method(EFBM),which integrates the environmental conditions and has high accuracy.In order to obtain the spatial distribution of landslide hazards in the affected area with near realtime and high accuracy,this study proposed to combine the PMBM based on Newmark method with EFBM to form Newmark-Information value model(N-IV),Newmark-Logic regression model(N-LR)and Newmark-Support Vector Machine model(N-SVM)for seismic landslide hazard assessment on the Ludian Mw 6.2 earthquake in Yunnan.The predicted spatial hazard distribution was compared with the actual cataloged landslide inventory,and frequency ratio(FR),and area under the curve(AUC)metrics were used to verify the model's plausibility,performance,and accuracy.According to the findings,the model's accuracy is ranked as follows:N-SVM>N-LR>N-IV>Newmark.With an AUC value of 0.937,the linked N-SVM was discovered to have the best performance.The research results indicate that the physics-environmental coupled model(PECM)exhibits accuracy gains of 46.406%(N-SVM),30.625%(N-LR),and 22.816%(N-IV)when compared to the conventional Newmark technique.It shows varied degrees of improvement from 2.577%to 12.446%when compared to the single EFBM.The study also uses the Ms 6.8 Luding earthquake to evaluate the model,showcasing its trustworthy in forecasting power and steady generalization.Since the suggested PECM in this study can adapt to complicated earthquake-induced landslides situations,it aims to serve as a reference for future research in a similar field,as well as to help with emergency planning and response in earthquakeprone regions with landslides.

Fully Coupled Fluid-Structure Interaction Model Based on Distributed Lagrange Multiplier/Fictitious Domain Method

This paper, with a finite element method, studies the interaction of a coupled incompressible fluid-rigid structure system with a free surface subjected to external wave excitations. With this fully coupled model, the rigid structure is taken as ＂fictitious＂ fluid with zero strain rate. Both fluid and structure are described by velocity and pressure. The whole domain, including fluid region and structure region, is modeled by the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations which are discretized with fixed Eulerian mesh. However, to keep the structure＇ s rigid body shape and behavior, a rigid body constraint is enforced on the ＂fictitious＂ fluid domain by use of the Distributed Lagrange Multipher/Fictitious Domain （DLM/ FD） method which is originally introduced to solve particulate flow problems by Glowinski et al. For the verification of the model presented herein, a 2D numerical wave tank is established to simulate small amplitude wave propagations, and then numerical results are compared with analytical solutions. Finally, a 2D example of fluid-structure interaction under wave dynamic forces provides convincing evidences for the method excellent solution quality and fidelity.

基于CAS法的核电工程异形水箱分布质量计算模型

对于形状复杂的大型核电工程储液结构,Housner弹簧-质量模型适用性较差,基于有限元法的流-固耦合数值分析模型复杂、计算和存储量大,难以满足工程设计要求。该文基于声学-结构耦合法(CAS)提出了一种兼顾精度和效率的分布质量模型,通过理论推导从CAS计算结果中剥离得到的器壁动水压强脉冲分量,进而提出器壁单元各节点位置的分布式脉冲附加质量计算公式,精确地考虑了储液容器的形状对液体晃动的影响,同时实现了流-固耦合分析的解耦,有效解决了复杂大型核电工程储液结构的动力分析的难题。以矩形刚性水箱为例,将该文模型的结果与Housner分布模型比较,验证了该模型的合理性和可靠性。针对顶部具有复杂形状水箱的AP1000安全壳结构进行地震动分析,将该文模型与精细的流-固耦合模型进行比较,结果显示:两种模型计算结果吻合性好,该文模型前处理简便且在计算时间效率具有明显优势。该文模型可为核电工程考虑结构-地基、流-固耦合的多因素耦合高效分析奠定基础。

风浪联合作用下分布式调谐质量阻尼器对海上半潜漂浮式风机的减振控制

海上半潜漂浮式风机在复杂深海环境下产生有害振动会威胁风机的安全性和耐久性,针对该问题并结合美国NREL的5 MW样机的漂浮平台几何结构构造,提出利用分布式调谐质量阻尼器(Tuned Mass Dampers,TMDs),即分别在漂浮平台的3根浮筒中布置TMD,形成等边三角形布置,对随机风浪联合作用下海上半潜漂浮式风机的平台纵摇振动进行控制。为了更好地描述分布式TMDs对海上半潜漂浮式风机的减振效果,基于拉格朗日方程和模态叠加法,对海上半潜漂浮式风机-TMDs耦合系统提出并建立了9自由度多体动力学模型。基于H_(∞)算法,即以平台纵摇频响函数的峰值为优化目标,对分布式TMDs的参数进行优化设计,优化设计中考虑了3个TMDs之间的耦合关系。对风机-TMDs耦合系统开展了风浪联合作用下的数值模拟,分析了分布式TMDs对平台纵摇响应的减振效果。结果表明:最优设计下的分布式TMDs对海上半潜漂浮式风机平台纵摇振动具有良好的减振性能;在三种不同工况的随机风浪荷载作用下,分布式TMDs对平台纵摇固有频率附近的功率谱密度曲线峰值减振率和标准差减振率能分别达到39%和52%以上。

核电工程异形水箱流固耦合分布式参数模型与效用研究

在流固耦合动力分析领域,传统的Housner模型在工程设计中发挥重要作用。但其理论推导仅适用于规则水箱,采用集中质量总体模型描述液体晃动的整体效应,难以有效模拟异形水箱储液结构的局部精细响应,亟须建立适用于不规则水体晃荡的分布式附加质量模型。基于势流理论推导了一种模态综合法模型,实现了分布质量与储液器壁激振加速度的解耦。该模型能够有效剥离分布式的脉冲质量与对流质量;同时,实体网格的振型分析适用于任意形状水体的动力分析。通过算例的形式将该模型与精细声学-结构耦合(Acoustic-Structural coupling,CAS)模拟法进行了比较,验证了模型的精确性与可靠性。最后,基于本文的模型研究了核电异形的安全水箱在不同水位和减晃格栅分布下的动力响应规律,并检验了其在工程中的适用性。

细长桁架臂卸载反弹动应力分布规律及试验

为研究细长桁架臂在卸载冲击下的动态响应变化规律,提出了基于等效梁振型函数的桁架臂动应力分布计算模型。根据等效梁振型函数,探讨了卸载后桁架臂动应力分布假设,分析了影响桁架臂卸载反弹动响应的相关参数。以装备细长桁架臂的动臂塔机为对象,建立了桁架臂精细化有限元模型和起重机刚柔耦合模型,通过仿真辨识了应力分布模型的关键参数。实施了动臂塔机系列载荷卸载冲击试验,桁架臂上主弦杆的动应力试验值与理论计算结果误差小于7%,表明动应力分布理论模型与实际相符。通过理论模型预测了极限工况下桁架臂上主弦杆动应力分布状态,发现在最大载荷卸载条件下起重臂动应力峰值超过结构承载极限,为卸载条件下起重机关键结构的优化设计提供依据。

基于绿色城轨的北京地铁车辆基地分布式耦合供热方案研究

结合北京地铁既有车辆基地的供热能耗特点,建立了新建车辆基地的供热模型,从绿色低碳角度分析了分布式耦合供热方案的节能降碳潜力。该供热方案满足北京市的相关供热政策,且达到了《中国城市轨道交通绿色城轨发展行动方案》规定的绿色能源利用指标要求,是未来寒冷地区车辆基地低碳供热发展的方向之一。

基于校准窗口集成与耦合市场特征的可解释双层日前电价预测

随着电力市场之间耦合程度不断加深,只局限于单个市场内部的传统特征集不足以支撑高精度预测的需求。而且模型预测性能对校准窗口的选择敏感,而传统电价预测仅使用一个固定时间长度的数据集,同时预测模型的“黑盒”结构导致预测结果在工程应用中可信度偏低。针对上述问题,该文提出一种考虑校准窗口集成与耦合市场特征的可解释双层日前电价预测框架。内层框架为基于改进自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解(improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition,ICEEMDAN)的择优预测,首先分解原始电价序列,然后应用Lasso估计回归(lassoestimated autoregressive,LEAR)、长期和短期时间序列网络(long-term and short-term time-series networks,LSTNet)、卷积神经网络-长短记忆神经网络(convolutionalneuralnetworks-longshort termmemory,CNN-LSTM)、移动平均(autoregressive integrated moving average,ARIMA)和核极限学习机(kernel extreme learning machines,KELM)模型预测子序列并选择最优预测算法。外层框架为基于贝叶斯模型平均(bayes modelaveraging,BMA)的校准窗口集成预测,针对每个不同校准窗口长度数据集下的预测分配权重并集成得到预测电价。最后,通过可解释方法沙普利加性解释模型(shapley additiveexplanations,SHAP)分析耦合市场特征如何影响预测电价。该文通过北欧电力市场数据集的算例分析证明了所提算法的优越性和校准窗口集成方案的有效性。

舰艇水下爆炸破损分布特性

舰艇在作战过程中受到武器攻击,从爆炸产生的破口持续多向进水,影响舰艇的不沉性。为了探究水下爆炸破损分布特性,开展了驳船近场水下爆炸试验,利用声固耦合法计算了冲击波与气泡射流载荷联合作用下全船结构的毁伤,得到整船塑性变形区域的凹陷深度为85 cm,L形破口宽30 cm,破口面积为0.2 m2。对比了试验和仿真数据,计算破口尺寸的相对误差小于20%,破口位置吻合较好,验证了模型的准确性。利用该模型进行了不同爆距下爆炸仿真计算,提出了驳船在近场水下爆炸载荷作用下的分布式损伤模式,明确了舰船结构的毁伤除整体折断和局部大型破口外还有广泛分布的小裂缝存在于舱壁、舷侧外板等部位。随着冲击因子从5.74减小至1.91,舱底破口尺寸减小,舱内裂缝增多;当冲击因子在1.91~2.87之间时,舱底破损为分散式的小型破口。舷侧、舱壁与舱底的连接处为薄弱部位,小裂缝分布较多,在舰艇设计过程中可重点加强防护。

Cloudless-Training:基于serverless的高效跨地域分布式ML训练框架

跨地域分布式机器学习(ML)训练能够联合多区域的云资源协作训练,可满足许多新兴ML场景(比如大型模型训练、联邦学习)的训练需求。但其训练效率仍受2方面挑战的制约。首先,多区域云资源缺乏有效的弹性调度,这会影响训练的资源利用率和性能;其次,模型跨地域同步需要在广域网(WAN)上高频通信,受WAN的低带宽和高波动的影响,会产生巨大通信开销。本文提出Cloudless-Training,从3个方面实现高效的跨地域分布式ML训练。首先,它基于serverless计算模式实现,使用控制层和训练执行层的2层架构,支持多云区域的弹性调度和通信。其次,它提供一种弹性调度策略,根据可用云资源的异构性和训练数据集的分布自适应地部署训练工作流。最后,它提供了2种高效的跨云同步策略,包括基于梯度累积的异步随机梯度下降(ASGD-GA)和跨云参数服务器(PS)间的模型平均(MA)。Cloudless-Training是基于OpenFaaS实现的,并被部署在腾讯云上评估,实验结果表明Cloudless-Training可显著地提高跨地域分布式ML训练的资源利用率(训练成本降低了9.2%~24.0%)和同步效率(训练速度最多比基线快1.7倍),并能保证模型的收敛精度。

基于协同优化的耐压柱壳多学科多目标优化

为提高耐压柱壳的设计效率和结构性能,本文基于多学科设计优化思想,进行了耐压柱壳多学科设计优化的学科分解,确定了耐压柱壳多学科优化设计的设计参数,明确了设计变量间的耦合关系,设计了耐压柱壳参数化分析流程,进行了设计变量灵敏度分析。在利用响应面模型建立了具有较高拟合精度耐压柱壳近似模型的基础上,以质量排水量比和极限载荷为目标函数,建立了基于协同优化方法的耐压柱壳多学科多目标优化模型,在确定了系统层和学科层的优化求解方法基础上,设计了基于协同优化的耐压柱壳多学科多目标优化框架,进行了优化的求解工作,得到了优化方案。与初始方案的对比表明:所得到的Pareto解集中,部分方案在2个目标函数上均得到了优化,验证了优化框架的有效性。

氨燃料管状SOFCs中热冲击影响与性能的模拟研究

研究氨燃料固体氧化物燃料电池(solidoxidefuel cells,SOFCs)热冲击的产生机理将会给电池的温度管理、可靠性管理及电池的性能优化提供更多可能性。但由于化学、电化学的反应过程复杂、模型仿真所涉物理场较多,鲜有关于氨燃料SOFCs的仿真研究。为此,该文通过建立耦合了吸热的氨气裂解反应、电化学反应、局部电流分布、温度分布以及物质流动的仿真模型,分析了单个阴极支撑的管状直接氨气裂解SOFCs的热冲击(热应力和热对流)形成机理。研究得出,过快且不均衡的氨气裂解反应是电池局部低温产生的主要原因,这会直接造成电池整体出现376K的温差。通过采用氨气预重整的方法能使氨SOFCs在相同操作电压下温度分布更均匀,平均温度更高,在800℃的环境温度下96%预重整的氨SOFCs能将阳极的温度极值差从62.16 K降为1.0 K,电池内部的温度分布得到显著改善。该研究可为氨燃料SOFCs的热管理优化提供重要理论依据,此外,该文详细展示的氨燃料SOFCs耦合模型的建模方法可以为用其他富氢气体做燃料的SOFCs的模拟仿真研究提供思路。

基于CRITIC-TOPSIS的配电站房运行状态评估

实现配电站房运行状态的准确评估对确保电力系统的稳定运行有着重要的意义。针对目前评估方法主观性过强的问题,提出了一种基于CRITIC-TOPSIS的配电站房运行状态评估方法。基于压力-状态-响应(PSR)框架的思维模式,建立科学合理的配电站房运行状态评估指标体系,采用CRITIC赋权法确定各评价指标的权重,减少评价过程中的主观性,建立CRITIC-TOPSIS评价模型,利用综合接近度评估配电站房相对运行状态,并确定状态等级;引入禀赋效应来根据决策者的心理行为对评价结果进行调整,并对配电站房状态情况进行优劣排序;根据某地区配电站房实际运行数据进行实例分析,所得评价结果具有客观性和合理性。

考虑降雨空间分布的城市内涝对模式雨型响应特征分析

短历时暴雨是形成城市内涝的主要原因,其雨型对内涝致灾影响显著。以陕西省西咸新区沣西新城为研究区域,基于模式雨型设计了具有不同集中度的典型暴雨过程,并考虑了降雨空间分布的不均匀性,应用城市雨洪模型(GAST-SWMM耦合模型)对7种模式雨型在不同重现期下的致涝特征进行模拟分析。结果表明:(1)单峰雨型比双峰雨型具有更强的致涝性,雨峰为中后峰的单峰雨型致涝性更强,雨峰为中峰的单峰雨型在小于50 a重现期下淹没量最大,而在大于50 a重现期下雨峰为后峰的单峰雨型淹没量最大,100 a重现期下其淹没量较雨型Ⅳ增大6.58%;(2)双峰雨型中雨型Ⅴ的致涝性最强,在100 a重现期时,其淹没量较雨型靠前的单峰雨型增加1912.42 m^(3);在大于20 a重现期时,雨型Ⅴ在中风险区的积水面积较雨峰靠前的单峰雨型增大1.81%~2.29%;(3)各雨型在高风险区的积水面积峰现时间随重现期的变化而不同,雨型Ⅵ的峰现时间始终在降雨结束时出现,雨型Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ的峰现时间随着重现期增大而提前;雨型Ⅰ、Ⅲ的峰现时间在小于20 a重现期时随着重现期增大,分别从105 min延后至120 min、110 min,在大于20 a重现期时随着重现期增大,分别从120 min、110 min提前到100 min。城市内涝特征对不同模式雨型条件下的响应规律的研究,可为相关部门抗涝救灾提供参考。