Computer-aided system for hazard zone identification in ship power plants

The most dangerous places in ships are their power plants. Particularly, they are very unsafe for operators carrying out various necessary operation and maintenance activities. For this reason, ship machinery should be designed to ensure the maximum safety for its operators. It is a very difficult task. Therefore, it could not be solved by means of conventional design methods, which are used for design of uncomplicated technical equipment. One of the possible ways of solving this problem is to provide appropriate tools, which allow us to take the operator's safety into account during a design process, especially at its early stages. A computer-aided system supporting design of safe ship power plants could be such a tool. This paper deals with developing process of a prototype of the computer-aided system for hazard zone identification in ship power plants.

GIS-Based Highway Geological Hazard Information Management and Decision Support System

Based on the practical application of Geology Information System（GIS） throughout the world, combined with the characters of road＇s geological hazard and it＇s supervision, the paper introduces on the importance of the research on road＇s geological hazards information management and decision-making support system. The paper also analyzes the system＇s target, the principles and key techniques in developing the system. In the research, we developed the GIS-based road＇s geological hazard information management and decision-making support system and applied it to one speedway in the west of China where contains typical geological hazards. The system based on the database of road＇s geological hazard on the grounds of spatial graphic information and attribute information. By virtue of the scientific assessment and prediction mathematical model, integrating the GIS＇s strongpoint on spatial analyzing, the system is capable of visualizing the regionalization of road according to the geological hazards it contains, and accurately assessing and predicting geological hazards, thus efficiently assists the road construction and management units in the decision making on controlling the geological hazards and reducing the related loss.

Hazard analysis system of urban post-earthquake fire based on GIS

The authors study the structure, functions and data organization for the hazard analysis system of urban post-earthquake fire on the platform of GIS. A general hazard analysis model of the post-earthquake fire is presented. Taking Shanghai central district as background, a system for hazard analysis of the post-earthquake fire and auxiliary decision-against fire is developed.

System Development for Storm Surge Hazard Assessment Based on WebG IS for Tianjin Binhai New Area

It is imperative to develop a risk assessment system for quickly predicting storm surge disaster due to the vulnerability of Tianjin Binhai New Area. The flood routing model with user-defined breaches was firstly established based on the seed spread algorithm in order to achieve a rapid forecasting of storm surge flood information. Furthermore, fuzzy mathematics was utilized to identify the storm disaster grade, and the hazard mapping was conducted to visually obtain the hazard spatial and temporal distribution. Finally, the flood routing visualization method was proposed based on numerical simulation of storm surge to achieve the reappearance scene of dynamic evolution process. The developed system can play a vital role in the management and decision-making of sea dyke mitigation engineering in Tianjin Binhai New Area.

Slope stability hazard management systems

Weather-related geo-hazards are a major concern for both natural slopes and man-made slopes and embankments. Government agencies and private companies are increasingly required to ensure that there is adequate protection of sloping sur- faces in order that interaction with the climate does not produce instability. Superior theoretical formulations and computer tools are now available to address engineering design issues related to the near ground surface soil-atmospheric interactions. An ex- ample is given in this paper that illustrates the consequences of not paying adequate attention to the hazards of slope stability prior to the construction of a highway in South America. On the other hand, examples are given from Hong Kong and China's Mainland where significant benefits are derived from putting in place a hazard slope stability management system. Some results from a hazard management slope stability study related to the railway system in Canada are also reported. The study took advantage of recent research on unsaturated soil behaviour and applied this information to real-time modelling of climatic conditions. The quantification of the water balance at the ground surface, and subsequent infiltration, is used as the primary tool for hazard level assessment. The suggested hazard model can be applied at either specific high risk locations or in a more general, broad-based manner over large areas. A more thorough understanding of unsaturated soil behaviour as it applies to near ground surface soils, along with the numerical computational power of the computer has made it possible for new approaches to be used in slope hazard management engineering.

Coulomb stress evolution along the Kongur Extensional System since 1895 and present seismic hazard

The present-day tectonic activities on the northeastern margin of the Pamir Plateau are mainly E-W oriented extensions, among which the Kongur Extensional System(KES) plays an important role in the internal expansion of the Pamir. As the largest earthquake since Taxkorgan earthquakes in 1895 and 1896, the Aketao earthquake occurred on the Muji fault on the northern portion of the KES in 2016. Since then, the trend of seismic activities along the KES has been paid much attention to. Based on the visco elastic layered lithosphere model, we calculate the co-seismic and post-seismic stress changes caused by five historical earthquakes on the KES and its adjacent areas since 1895, and analyze the interaction among strong earthquakes. The results show that all of the historical earthquakes after 1895 occurred in the areas where the co-seismic and post-seismic Coulomb stress increased. Coulomb stress loading at the hypocenters of the 1896 Taxkorgan earthquake, the 1974 Markansu earthquake and the 2016 Aketao earthquake were 0.251 MPa, 0.013 MPa and 0.563 MPa, respectively. The three earthquakes were catalyzed by such variations. The historical earthquakes increased the stress state on most segments of the Southern Kungai Mountain fault and Kongur fault along the KES. In particular, we can identify 2 visible earthquake gaps with increasing seismic hazard formed on the Qimugan segment and Bulunkou segment of the KES. The Qimugan section and the Bulunkou section are located at the fault transition zone with concentrated stress and high extension rate, so great attention should be paid to their seismic hazard at present day.

AN INSTRUCTURAL SYSTEM MODEL OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT TO THE WATER RELATED HAZARDS IN CHINA

Coastal lowlands have large areas of hazard impact and relatively low capacity of prevention to the water related hazards,which have been indicated by the wide_spread flood hazards,high percentages of land with high flood vulnerability.Increasing population pressure and the shift of resources exploitation from land to sea will force more and more coastal lowlands to be developed in the future,further enhancing the danger of water_related hazards.In this paper,the coastal lowlands in the northern Jiangsu province,China,were selected as a case study.The Interpretation Structural Model (ISM) was employed to analyze the direct and indirect impacts among the elements within the system,and thereby,to identify the causal elements,middle linkages,their expressions,and relations.

Pilot Test for the Relationship between Drivers’ Hazard Perception Ability and Cognitive Traits of Empathizing-Systemizing

The previous research (Danno & Taniguchi, 2015) showed that near-miss incident experience was basically reduced by the Empathy Quotient (EQ) and was disturbed by the Systemizing Quotient (SQ) when the Empathy Quotient was low, based on the Empathizing and Systemizing (E-S) model using a web survey [1]. It means that drivers whose EQ was low and SQ was high had more near-miss incident experience. It suggested that drivers who have a stronger Empathizing function may have stronger hazard perception ability although the Systemizing function may weaken hazard perception ability when Empathizing is weak. And, then, it was revealed that the D score (standard SQ (T) score minus standard EQ (T) score) had a significant effect on the near-miss incident experience. Those results implied that a D score, which is used to classify “E-S types”, should have a relationship with near-miss incident experience, i.e. , hazard perception ability. The EQ and SQ scores were supposed to relate to the cognitive ability to estimate other road users’ mental situations and predict their behavior or to recognize stable laws in traffic situations. The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between a driver’s visual attention ability (gaze movement) and hazard (near-miss incident) perception ability of different EQ and SQ scores. Drivers’ Real-time Useful Field of View (rUFOV) [2] was measured under normal and hasty driving conditions in a driving simulator which had six scenarios of traffic situation. The result from seven participants who had different EQ and SQ scores showed that a driver’s visual attention ability (gaze movement) corresponds to their scores. This pilot test research revealed a possibility that the individual difference in cognitive trait with E-S model could be a promising tool to understand the mechanism of hazard perception since a D score is used to classify “E-S types”.

Geo-hazards risk zonation and warning system based on GIS in Anshan City of Liaoning

Debris flow and Karst collapse are the main parts of geological disasters in Anshan,which have affected on the construction and development of the social economy of Anshan.In order to enhance the studies of rules of disaster and give scientific estimation and alarm ahead of schedule warning,we established the warning system of Anshan and investigated the corresponding software,which are based on the deep discussions about the crisis estimation and methods of prediction of disasters.In this paper,the foundation of model used in estimating the alarm ahead of schedule for disaster and the methods of appraisal for the alarm ahead of schedule are discussed.This system for warning and evaluating is the combination of the models of warning and GIS flat roof,with so many virtues,such as complete functions,convenience,applicability,which has considered the output of data,analyses of space,chooses of model,output of production,report of information for warning and the statements and help of system.

基于系统动力学的危险化学品运输风险因素研究

为了降低危化品运输事故频次,规避危化品在运输过程中的风险,基于系统动力学模型,从人、机、环、管4个维度构建危化品运输风险因素指标体系,使用AHP法对指标权重进行赋值,结合风险因素间的因果关系构建参数方程,利用Vensim软件仿真模拟危化品运输风险水平的变化趋势,确定单因素变量值和人、机、环、管风险子系统权重的变化对危化品运输风险系统动力学模型的影响程度。结果表明:安全意识薄弱、设备故障等风险因素的变动以及人、机、环、管风险子系统的权重变动都会影响危化品运输风险水平,人、机、环、管4个子系统对危化品运输风险的影响程度从高到低依次是人、管、环、机。研究结果可为降低危化品运输过程中的风险和制定危化品运输事故预防策略提供一定参考。

GIS COMPONENT BASED 3D LANDSLIDE HAZARD ASSESSMENT SYSTEM: 3DSLOPEGIS

In this paper, based on a new Geographic Information System (GIS) grid-based three-dimensional (3D) deterministic model and taken the slope unit as the study object, the landslide hazard is mapped by the index of the 3D safety factor. Compared with the one-dimensional (1D) model of infinite slope, which is now widely used for deterministic model based landslide hazard assessment in GIS, the GIS grid-based 3D model is more acceptable and is more adaptable for three-dimensional landslide. Assuming the initial slip as the lower part of an ellipsoid, the 3D critical slip surface in the 3D slope stability analysis is obtained by means of a minimization of the 3D safety factor using the Monte Carlo random simulation. Using a hydraulic model tool for the watershed analysis in GIS, an automatic process has been developed for identifying the slope unit from digital elevation model (DEM) data. Compared with the grid-based landslide hazard mapping method, the slope unit possesses clear topographical meaning, so its results are more credible. All the calculations are implemented by a computational program, 3DSlopeGIS, in which a GIS component is used for fulfilling the GIS spatial analysis function, and all the data for the 3D slope safety factor calculation are in the form of GIS data (the vector and the grid layers). Because of all these merits of the GIS-based 3D landslide hazard mapping method, the complex algorithms and iteration procedures of the 3D problem can also be perfectly implemented.

活动构造与强震:专辑序言

活动构造既是地壳最新活动的表现,也是导致强震的主要根源。中国内地因发育了复杂的活动构造系统,成为世界上强震活动及相关灾害特别严重的地区。因此,深入认识中国内地的活动构造特征与强震发生规律,有助于在城镇规划和重大工程建设中科学防范或规避强震灾害风险。为了及时交流活动构造与强震研究领域的最新成果,此期专辑优选了代表性论文12篇,主要涵盖了活动构造控震、古地震、活动断裂调查与探测、地震地质灾害、遥感技术应用和水库诱发地震共6个不同领域的研究进展。综合此期专辑的新成果和国内外相关领域的研究动态,建议活动构造与强震研究应关注4个方面的动态进展,包括:从活动构造演化及活动断裂体系角度更全面地认识区域强震的危险性;活动构造已步入定量化与精细化调查研究阶段;高精度遥感和多种定年技术的应用正在不断扩展古地震研究的范围和时限;人类活动诱发地震问题。

基于建筑信息模型技术与智慧工地理念的地铁施工人员安全管理系统

[目的]人员的不安全行为是导致轨道交通工程施工安全事故的重要因素。为解决现存的视频图像监控系统依赖人工识别、安全质量问题发现不及时、不能及时报警等问题,需要对地铁施工人员安全管理系统展开研究。[方法]从整体架构、采集模块的设备安装、BIM(建筑信息模型)的建立及软件平台等方面,阐述了地铁施工人员安全管理系统的搭建方案。分析了地铁施工人员安全管理系统在具体工程试点的应用情况,进而验证该系统的智能识别准确性。[结果及结论]施工现场应用情况表明,地铁施工人员安全管理系统能智能识别未佩戴安全帽、进入禁止区域、睡岗离岗等人员不安全行为并自动报警,且报警正确率超过98%,大幅提高了安全隐患识别的精度和效率。相关人员通过交互终端即可实时查阅监控视频,实时接收报警信息,快速定位隐患发生位置并处置。

医院信息系统应急管理体系的建设

随着信息技术的飞速发展,医院业务的连续性越来越依赖信息系统的稳定运行。为了提高医院应对信息系统突发故障事件的处置能力,中山大学附属第六医院借助工具开展灾害脆弱性分析,精准识别出医院信息系统可能面临的高危风险事件,按照风险事件发生后果的严重程度进行排序。结合医院的实际情况建立应急管理组织架构,制订可操作、可执行的应急预案并实施应急演练,不断改进和完善应急预案,建立了一套有效的信息系统故障应急管理体系。本文分享了医院在信息系统故障应急管理体系建设的经验和成果,可为其他医疗机构的应急管理工作提供参考和借鉴。

地质灾害易发性评价方法综述

我国地形地质条件复杂,地质灾害多发,人类各类工程地质活动加剧了地质灾害的发生与发展.地质灾害预防与管理工作是保障人民生命与财产安全的前提与基础.地质灾害易发性评价是地质灾害危险性评价和风险评价的前提,也是地质灾害区划和防治工作的基础.本文基于国内外地质灾害易发性的相关研究,对地质灾害易发性概念、评价指标体系、权重计算方法和易发性评价模型进行分析总结,并指出了地质灾害易发性评价中亟待解决的主要问题.

基于VR技术的危化品物流虚拟仿真实验体系设计与实践研究——以N学院为例

危化品物流对安全措施有着高等级的要求,其一线场地和设施无法面向师生开放。应用型高校将虚拟现实技术应用于危化品物流实践教学中,可解决安全壁垒问题、提高实验设施的投资效益、激发学生的学习兴趣、鼓励学生参与创新实践并拓宽社会培训路径。文章立足于宁波舟山港和石化园区对危化品物流的现实需求,系统地分析了应用型高校建设危化品物流虚拟仿真实验教学体系的设计思路与实践内容,在功能上满足了专业实验、创新研究、学科竞赛、社会培训等多元化需求,既满足了高素质应用型人才的培养要求,也为类似高校实验体系的构建提供了参考。

高校实验室危化品管理信息系统的构建与实践

文章针对有些高校实验室危险化学品存在的一些安全管理问题进行了详细分析,提出构建基于二维码技术的手机端和电脑端同步信息的危化品管理信息系统。通过信息化手段对高校实验室危化品进行全生命周期智能管控,切实提高高校实验室危险化学品管理的效率和质量。

深井矿山热害防治及制冷降温技术应用

随着金属矿山开采深度的增加,高地温越加显现,而矿山在热害控制方面经验不足、个体防护及培训缺失、有效的机械制冷技术应用较少等,亟待加强深井金属矿山热害防治安全技术相关研究。本文分析了深井矿山热环境对作业人员、生产效率的影响,总结了热害防治的综合措施,包括通风系统优化、热源控制、个体防护、压缩空气制冷、机械制冷等方面,列举了南非、澳大利亚两座典型深井矿山机械制冷降温技术的典型应用,供其他深井矿山借鉴。

复杂环境GNSS实时亚厘米级监测算法设计及性能分析

针对复杂监测场景下,由于卫星信号遮挡严重、多路径效应强、粗差和周跳频繁而造成观测数据质量差,严重影响全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)实时监测的精度、可靠性和可用性的问题,提出一种复杂环境下的GNSS实时亚厘米级监测算法:综合利用监测体的变化特征,从观测数据质量控制、滤波过程噪声自适应调节、GNSS解算短时中断后快速恢复等方面着手,设计一套适用于复杂环境的GNSS地质灾害实时高精度监测数据处理算法;并采用实测与仿真短基线数据评估算法性能。结果表明,在复杂观测场景下,提出的复杂环境GNSS监测算法能够实现实时亚厘米级定位精度,有效解决GNSS解算短时中断后的快速恢复问题,并能准确识别监测体的快速形变。