The Experiences of the Elderly and Caregivers in Respect of Caring for the Elderly in Windhoek and Rehoboth Namibia: An Exploratory and Descriptive Study

In many instances, care for the elderly, especially in long-term care institutions, is provided under minimal supervision by caregivers who are lay people. This can lead to poor quality care or neglect of the elderly. The research question was: “How competent are lay caregivers for the elderly in old age homes, who often lack the opportunity for training to improve their knowledge and skills, in delivering care to the elderly? The aims of the study were to explore and describe the experiences of both the caregivers and the elderly in respect of caring for the elderly in old age homes. The objectives of the study were to explore and describe the experiences of the caregivers and the elderly with respect to caring for the elderly and in respect of nursing care they received. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive, contextual and phenomenology design was used to perform this study. In the situational analysis, the experiences and needs of the caregivers were described. Themes in terms of interpersonal relationships that could be positive or negative regarding the elderly were identified. These included lack of regular in-service training sessions for caregivers. Likewise, sub-themes like communication, support and caring for elderly people were revealed. Inadequate knowledge of caregivers in caring procedures, a shortage of staff, equipment and absence of policies which should support and guide the work of caregivers impacts negatively on the care of the elderly. From the experiences of the elderly and caregivers, the competencies under scrutiny emerged and were measured qualitatively by the perceptions of the elderly, in respect of the caring they were exposed to.

Construction of Industrialization Development Model for"1+4+X"Community-Based Elderly Care in Gannan Old Revolutionary Base Area in the Context of Population Aging

In the context of controlling population development in a planned way,China entered an aging society in the early 21 st century.In this context,how to meet the needs of the elderly care and form an effective elderly care model has become a key problem to be solved urgently by local government departments.With the continuous advancement of the elderly care policy,the community-based elderly care has gradually become the mainstream and is in the stage of vigorous promotion.Taking the Gannan old revolutionary base area in Jiangxi Province as an example,this study puts forward"1+4+X"community-based elderly care model based on the policy system of community-based elderly care,the physical and mental health of the elderly,the material space and the construction of evaluation system,and explores how to promote the application of this community model efficiently in the form of industrialization,so as to drive the economic growth of the Gannan old revolutionary base area,promote the employment development and improve the community-based elderly care service.

Aging Characteristics and Layout Planning of Old-age Care Facilities in the Downtown Area of Nanchang City

Compared to the situation of population aging and the elderly aging, the development of oldage undertaking in Nanchang is still undeveloped in that the old-age care industry lags behind the urban renewal speed and the objective needs of aging. Apart from discussions on the composition of elderly population and the status quo of aging, this paper took the institutional old-age care in the downtown area of Nanchang for example, explored problems in the current institutional old-age care facilities through field investigation, and proposed suggestions for the layout planning of old-age care facilities in the study area.

On the Development and Innovation of Smart Old Age Care in China

The aging of China’s population is accelerating,and the contradiction between the growing needs of the elderly for a better life and the unbalanced and insufficient development of the existing old age care services is increasingly prominent.The advantages of smart old age care combined with the development of innovative old age care services,has initiated a new wave of development of old age care in China.Along with the intensive introduction of national policies,pilot projects and explorations have been deployed throughout the country.The current development trend of smart old age care mainly focuses on data and smart equipment.The core of the former is data collection,evaluation and utilization.The latter focuses on the use of equipment and the general control of the data platform.The innovation of smart old age care mainly includes the innovation of old age care concepts,synergy mechanisms,technology means,service modes and service content.

The Experience and Enlightenment of the Development of Old-age Care Services in Russia

Through the analysis of the history and current situation of Russia＇s old-age care services system, this paper analyzes and studies the old-age care services system in Russia. By means of law and social policy, Russia can promote the active participation of the elderly in politics, economy, culture and other activities to promote the positive image of the elderly. The active aging policy in Russia and the development trend of the old-age care service to promote the social adaptation and re-employment of the elderly are of positive significance to the development of our country＇s old-age care service.

The effects of application of an ancient type of acupuncture needle on increase in urination of hospitalized oldest-old people

The di-zhen (DZ) is an ancient type of acupuncture needle with a history dating back to more than 2000 years. Unlike modern acupuncture needles, the DZ is not inserted subcutaneously and is considered to be safe for common use, even at the bedside of terminally ill patients. In this case study, DZ application was selected and applied 14 times on a 92-year-old patient who had suffered severe oliguria along with administration of diuretics. Urine volume increased 12 out of 14 times following DZ treatment;however, the other two times it was ineffective. To investigate the reason and the differences in effective/ineffective DZ application, two internal conditions (effective vs ineffective) were compared by analyzing daily nursing reports (vital signs such as blood pressure, urine volume and body temperature) and weekly clinical data (including renal, liver and immune function, urea nitrogen, creatinine, ALT, AST, the ratio and number of leukocytes, erythrocytes). DZ application increased urine volume via a transient modification of the autonomic nervous system when internal homeostasis was maintained. Aging populations, who often have several diseases and medications, are rapidly increasing in developed countries. Therefore, the study and application of DZ may contribute to a reduction in medical costs, which have been rapidly and heavily expanding recently.

Associations of social participation, demographic, socioeconomic and disease factors with nutritional risk in a group of older Hong Kong adults

Aims: To identify the impact of social participation, socio-demographic, socio-economic and disease factors on nutritional risk among older persons in Hong Kong. Background: Few published work has investigated the relative risks of social participation, demographic, socioeconomic and disease factors with malnutrition in community-living older people, this study is to investigate the associations of these risk factors on the nutritional status in better nutrition support for the old age group. Design: A crosssectional study. Methods: It was a secondary analysis of a database in a mobile community centre between January 2008 and December 2009. One thousand seven hundred and thirty one participants aged between 54 and 103 were collected. With 319 full Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) completed, the participants’ demographic, socio-economic data, diseases, and nutritional status were analyzed with relative risk and 95% confidence interval level to identify the factors that make them vulnerable to nutritional risk. Results: The prevalence of malnutrition in the community-dwelling old was 3.95% and 83.7% of the sample was at risk of malnutrition. Living on allowances, young old who was socially engaged and good relationship with family members were at less risk to malnutrition. Conclusions: Special attention should be taken to these groups as they are prone to develop malnutrition.

Research on the Present Situation and Nursing Care of the elderly in Shanghai

With the acceleration of the population aging in our country, the structure of the social family has gradually changed since the implementation of the family planning policy. The parents earliest birth in the only child family, has now gradually entered the old stage. While the family lost their children for a variety of reasons, is facing a serious economic, spiritual and other pension problems now.This paper starts from the analysis of the present situation of the unaccompanied elderly in Shanghai, attempting to find a path to solve the problem, and then proposes to explore the establishment of unsettled old-age security related supporting measures and policies.

The effect of protective genital care protocol on preventing diaper dermatit development in 0 - 18 month old children using antibiotics

Diaper dermatit is among the widely seen inflamatory skin diseases in neonatals and small 0 - 18 month old children. Control of causative agents as well as providing good genital care may prevent or reduce the risk of the disease. The aim of this study is find out the effect of protective genital care on reducing the diaper dermatit development in 0 - 18 months old inpatient 0 - 18 month old children who are using antibiotic. The study was conducted as prospective half-experimetal using control-experimental groups. Our samples comprise of 0 - 18 month old children admitted at Dokuz Eylul University Practical and Research Hospital, pediatric clinic between January and May 2009, 41 0 - 18 month old children as a control group were not under protective genital care, and 42 0 - 18 month old children as an experimental group were under the protecion and using vaseline. The mothers of the experimental group 0 - 18 month old children were given education. All 0 - 18 month old children were followed-up 3 - 7 days and the collected data were evaluated in computer using Pearson’s chisquare, Fisher’s exact chi-square and Yatest-corrected chi-square tests. The diaper dermatit develop- ment ratio was 34.1% in the control group and 7.1% in the experimental group

Construction of Xi'an ecological old-age care community in the new urbanization

The new urbanization is an important carrier of ecological civilization construction, and ecological old-age care is the concrete manifestation of the perfect combination of the two, the proper meaning of the new urbanization connotation and an inevitable trend of its development. Based on the analysis of the connotation and relationship between the new urbanization and ecological old-age care, together with the current situation and existing problems of the current nursing institutions and ecological old-age care in Xi'an area, this paper discusses the major issues that should be noticed when constructing the ecological old-age care community in Xi'an and three main construction modes.

Dignity and its related factors among older adults in long-term care facilities:A cross-sectional study

Objectives:This study aimed to explore the dignity and related factors among older adults in long-term care facilities.Methods:Cross-sectional data were obtained from a sample of 253 Chinese older adults dwelling in long-term care facilities.Dignity among older adults was measured using the Dignity Scale,and its potential correlates were explored using multiple linear regressions.Results:Results showed that the total score of the Dignity Scale is 151.95±11.75.From high to low,the different factors of dignity among older adults in long-term care facilities were as follows:caring factors(4.83±0.33),social factors(4.73±0.41),psychological factors(4.66±0.71),value factors(4.56±0.53),autonomous factors(4.50±0.57),and physical factors(4.38±0.55).A higher score of the Dignity Scale was associated with higher economic status,fewer chronic diseases,less medication,better daily living ability and long-time lived in cities.Conclusion:Older adults with low economic status,more chronic diseases,and poor daily living ability,taking more medications,or the previous residence in rural areas seem to be most at low-level dignity in long-term care facilities and thus require more attention than their peers.

Enablers and Barriers to Respectful Maternity Care in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Literature Review of Qualitative Research

Background: Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC) account for 94% of maternal deaths annually. Interventions to reduce these deaths include;access to Emergency Obstetric Care (EmOC) and Skilled Birth Attendant (SBA) at childbirth. However, evidence indicates increasing access to EmOC, and SBA only does not translate into positive maternal and newborn outcome due to disrespectful care faced by women during labour. World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines emphasize on positive birth experience through Respectful Maternity Care (RMC). Therefore, this review aims to explore enablers and barriers to respectful maternity care in low and middle-income countries. Methods: We conducted an exhaustive literature search for studies that reported on enablers and barriers to respectful maternity care. Qualitative studies done in low and middle-income countries, published in English Language from the year 2000 to June 2020 were included in this study. Articles were screened by two researchers for eligibility and critical appraisal skills programme checklist was used to appraise the quality. The themes and quotes from the studies were extracted and synthesized using thematic synthesis. Results: The search strategy generated 14,190 articles and 54 studies met the inclusion criteria. Two main themes: interpersonal relationship and support, and privacy and confidential care were reported as both enablers and barriers to respectful maternity care. Strategies to promote RMC were: health education to pregnant women on care expected during labour, good communication between maternity staff and women, capacity building of staff on RMC and staff motivation. Conclusion: Respectful maternity care plays a big role in promoting health-seeking behaviours among pregnant women. However, women experience barriers ranging from provider behaviour, work environment and health system challenges. Ensuring a dignified and respectful working environment could contribute to an increase in health seeking-behaviours and consequently reduction of maternal mortality.

Wisdom and Old --age Pension： Reflections on China＇s Elderly Care Model

The care of the elderly is both a human basic human rights and a manifestation of social civilization. ＂Family pension＂ has always been the main pension model in China for thousands of years. However, with the transformation of social structure and population structure, the traditional ＂family pension＂ model is facing increasing challenges. While other emerging ＂institutions pension＂, ＂community pension＂ and failed to become a ＂family pension＂ alternative options, the role is limited. With the development of a variety of integrated technology, a new integrated technology based on the wisdom of the pension model began to emerge, wisdom pension as a new pension model has been in China with a preliminary attempt, it can maximize the elimination of the Chinese labor force The risk of population loss, the greatest extent to meet the needs of the elderly, the risk of dealing with old age, improve pension efficiency, and give the elderly equalization of power and ability, so as to fundamentally enhance the subjectivity of the elderly. But as a new exploration, but also faced with manyproblems, it is worth our in-depth thinking.

The Construction of the Aged Carers under the Internationa Comparative Perspective

Objective： To explore how to learn from foreign experience to promote the construction of nursing staff in China.Methods：Based on the social background and the problems faced by nursing staffin China, we selected Germany and Japan as the social environment and problems of nursing staffin China. Germany, Japan and Japan to find out how to solve the dilemma of nursing service personnel to meet the pension needs of Germany and Japan to compare whether the strategy adopted by the current development of nursing staff in China, and finally combined with the analysis of China＇s aging care workers How to draw lessons from international experience to promote the construction of nursing staff in China.Conclusion： In drawing on the experience of foreign nursing service personnel, we must first analyze the reasons for such measures, whether our country has the conditions to implement such measures is not able to solve The experience of other countries must be suitable for our country, we must combine the social environment in which our country in contrast, selectivity and targeted research.

Nursing Students’Clinical Learning Environment in Norwegian Nursing Homes:Lack of Innovative Teaching and Learning Strategies

Background: Nursing students hesitate to choose aged care as a career, and the aged care sectors are on an edge regarding nursing positions. Clinical learning environments may influence nursing students’ career choices. Few studies have explored learning environments in nursing homes, although students increasingly have placements there. Objectives: The aim was to produce information for developing nursing students’ learning opportunities in nursing homes. Design: A cross-sectional survey design was used. Settings: The study was conducted at a university college in southeast Norway. Participants: Students in two cohorts of a bachelor degree program in nursing participated, N = 499. Methods: Data were collected on nursing students’ perceptions of clinical learning environments during placements in five nursing homes. A 42-item validated questionnaire with the subscales personalization, individualization, involvement, task orientation, innovation, and satisfaction was used. Data analysis used descriptive statistics, t-tests, and linear regression analysis. Results: Total scores showed overall satisfaction with clinical learning environments in nursing homes. However, innovation subscale scores were very low. First year students had significantly higher scores than third year students on the total scale, and most subscales. Age was significantly associated with total scale scores and subscale satisfaction scores. Higher education and work experience before entering nursing education were significantly associated with involvement subscale scores. Conclusions: Students are more positive than negative about their clinical learning environments. Low valuation of innovation seems to be a consistent finding in studies in both nursing homes and hospitals internationally. For innovative learning strategies to function they must be anchored at the organizational level. Future research should develop and test more innovative learning strategies for nursing students.

Optimization Strategies of Beijing Elderly Care Service Stations Based on Questionnaire Survey Method: A Case Study of Zhanlan Road Street of Xicheng District

4 elderly care service stations in Zhanlan Road Street,Xicheng District,Beijing are selected,and questionnaires are designed and distributed to the surrounding elderly population to understand their needs and satisfaction with the station environment.By observing elderly care service stations on site,the characteristics,obstacles,and shortcomings of the environment are recorded,and relevant data are collected and analyzed,such as the characteristics of the elderly population being interviewed,the planning and design data of the station environment,and the distribution of service facilities.The overall characteristics of the spatial environment of elderly care stations are summarized,and renovation measures and optimization suggestions are provided for the current shortcomings,thereby providing some basis for the spatial design of community elderly care service stations in the future.

Emergency department diagnosis of a concealed pleurocutaneous fistula in a 78-year-old man using point-of-care ultrasound

INTRODUCTION Although the differential diagnosis for chest wall masses is broad, the vast majority are abscesses, lipomas, or sebaceous cysts. Post-operative chest wall masses can also include infection, hematoma, seroma, cancer recurrence, metastasis, and lung hernia. Bedside ultrasound has been well documented to be beneficial in the differentiation of superficial pathology. Pleurocutaneous fistula is a pathologic communication between the pleural space and subcutaneous tissues of the chest wall. Pleurocutaneous fistula is a rare complication of tube thoracostomy, video-assisted thoracic surgery （VATS） procedures, and various pulmonary infections.

Old-age Care Modes and Facility Planning Based on the Concept of “Continuum of Care”

Through the comparative analysis on the theories and practical experience of the development of old-age care (OAC) in both China and other countries,and based on the interview and questionnaire survey in Zhejiang Province and Hangzhou City,this paper proposes the research and analysis framework for the old-age service system,i.e.,"OAC mode-OAC service system-OAC facility system." The paper argues that,oriented by OAC mode of "taking community-and home-based care as the main body and institution-based care as supplement," China should build an OAC facility system and planning thoughts that take "continuum of care" as concept and long-term care system as core.Taking Zhejiang Province and Hangzhou City as examples,the paper conducts the optimization research on current OAC facilities planning in terms of hierarchical system,scale,and differentiation,so as to formulate more systematic and operable planning standards for OAC facilities.

社会支持网络推动农村养老高质量发展的对策研究

随着农村老龄化加剧,农村老龄人口数量激增。但由于经济发展水平相对较低、医疗资源有限、精神慰藉缺失、应急保障不足等原因,农村养老面临着巨大的挑战。解决农村养老存在的问题,有利于保障广大农村老年人的基本生活权益,关系到农村的繁荣稳定和乡村振兴。因此,必须结合农村实际充分发挥政府、社区、家庭等社会支持主体的作用,建立完善的社会支持网络,改善老年人生活质量,提升其幸福感。

养老保险对老年人养老选择的影响——基于CLASS数据的证据

积极老龄化背景下,多样化养老选择已成为提升老年生活质量、改变传统家庭养老方式的重要举措,而养老保险的完善为丰富老年人养老选择、建立多元养老格局奠定基础。本文利用中国老年社会追踪调查数据,采用多元线性回归模型和工具变量法,实证分析养老保险参与对老年人养老选择的影响。研究发现,参与养老保险能够有效促进老年人做出养老选择。机制检验表明,养老保险通过改变养老观念、提高政府信任程度对养老选择产生影响。异质性检验表明,养老保险参与对老年人养老选择的影响效应在地区、户籍及参保类型方面存在明显差异。为推进积极老龄化战略实施,实现“老有所养”目标提供重要的参考价值。