Robust Optimization Operation of Power System Considering the Non-probabilistic Uncertainty of Parameter

Probabilistic method requires a lot of sample information to describe the probability distributions of uncertain variables and has difficulty in dealing with the optimization problem with uncertain parameters which contains unsufficient information.To solve this problem,a robust optimization operation method based on information gap decision theory(IGDT) is presented considering the non-probabilistic uncertainties of parameters.By the proposed method the maximum resistance to the disturbance of uncertain parameters is achieved and the optimization strategies with uncertain parameters are presented.Finally,numerical simulation is performed on the modified IEEE-14 bus system.Numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

渗透各向异性土层中考虑挡墙厚度的基坑稳态渗流解析解

本文对考虑厚度挡墙支护下渗透各向异性土层中基坑的二维稳态渗流进行了解析研究。根据对称性取基坑半截面,将周围土层划分为5个规则区域,采用坐标变换将渗透各向异性土层转换成等效各向同性土层,对各区域利用叠加法和分离变量法推导得到二维稳态渗流场、挡墙上水压力以及坑底出逸比降的显式解析解。对比保角变换和积分变换方法,本文解渗流场计算结果连续且无奇异点,且基坑水头和挡墙两侧水压力分布情况与数值软件分析一致性较好,说明本文解析解的正确性和优越性。本文解与不同计算方法得到的挡墙水压力结果对比分析发现,挡墙厚度d、竖直与水平向渗透系数比α对挡墙上水压力的影响不可忽略。分析α、d对挡墙底部水压力及出逸比降的影响,随着α和d的增大,基坑外侧挡墙底部水压力增大,基坑内侧挡墙底部水压力减小;随着α和d的逐渐减小,坑底出逸比降不断增大;当α和d较小时,考虑一维渗流情况得到的出逸比降安全性较低,且随着α和d的减小与本文解析解差距越来越大。

新闻多元版权主体与特殊职务作品的疏离——基于口述新闻的微观观察

第三次修订后的《中华人民共和国著作权法》明确了单纯事实消息外的新闻作品性质,并将其归为特殊职务作品,该条款强化了体制性媒体在作品流转中的版权权利,然而多元主体参与创作的现实却可能淡化这一立法意图,口述新闻就是一例:从“作品中的行为”到基于独创性劳动的“创作作品的行为”,口述人有可能具有与记者平等的合作作者身份,在报道上署名更强化了这一身份的版权效力;口述人打破了记者—媒体的二元主体结构,拆解了新闻媒体基于特殊职务作品获得作品完整版权的期待,但新闻实践传统和公共属性又注定媒体难以与其达成委托约定。媒介融合语境下,多元主体参与的现象已变得常见。在未来版权的改革中,将新闻媒体视为作者的做法更有利于容纳这一主体格局,以平衡版权行使与新闻传播中的公共利益。

多塔大底盘RC框架隔震建筑抗震韧性设计研究

以位于Ⅷ度区(0.3 g)的某多塔钢筋混凝土(Reinforced Concrete,RC)框架建筑为研究对象,对其进行了大底盘隔震设计,研究了在设防、罕遇地震作用下3个塔楼的动力响应,并基于韧性评价标准对该隔震方案展开了2个地震水准下的抗震韧性评价。结果表明:隔震后结构基本周期延长至原来的3倍,降低了地震作用,有效控制了上部结构的地震响应。楼面绝对加速度的显著控制基本消除了加速度敏感型非结构构件的损伤。结构构件以及位移敏感型非结构构件的修复费用主导了建筑的修复费用。建筑的修复时间由阶段Ⅰ中结构构件的修复时间控制,此隔震方案下建筑的抗震韧性等级达到了三星。

洁净室洁净度分级标准探究

鉴于科技的进步和实验经验,ISO/TC 209出台ISO14644-1:2015《按粒子浓度划出空气洁净度等级》Classification of air cleanliness by particle concentration比ISO14644-1:1999《空气洁净度等级》Classification of air cleanliness技术概念更清晰,使用更方便;实事求是,更赋灵活性:分级表中,所有浓度值都是累积,包括所有大于等于关注粒径(Considered particle size)的粒子的最大允许浓度值(Maximun allowable concentration siae),浓度限值。区域粒子浓度太高,浓度限值不适用;或者由于低浓度时采样和统计方法的局限性区域分级不适用。按统计学技术概念,决定检测洁净度最少采样点数N_(L);N_(L)值与洁净度无直接关联。作为标准应用的补充,超净环境检测需关注超高过滤器滤材最易穿透粒径MPPS,Most penetrating particle size。

有无双遣与下学上达——论邹守益的工夫路径

邹守益在青原梦见朱子而意识到阳明后学工夫路径有下学不上达与上达不下学两种弊端。他采取有无双遣方式救弊:用“无声无臭独知时,此是乾坤万有基”纠正下学不上达,批评朱子舍心逐物之弊,主张不可滞于有,而是回到无声无臭独知,在良知的观照之下,避免义袭之学;用“不离日用常行内,直造先天未画前”纠正上达不下学,批评王畿空悟本体之弊,主张不可陷于无,而是于日用常行处做致知工夫。他由有无双遣方式救弊,最终落实于下学上达工夫路径。他纠正下学不上达之弊,有助于使学人意识到心学与俗学的差异,由俗学转向心学,为学人修行指明正道;纠正上达不下学之弊,有助于扭转学人竞谈玄虚之风。邹守益主张从下学入手致良知,是救治上达不下学与下学不上达之弊的良药,体现了高超的中道智慧,有助于阳明后学的传播。

基于改进分析目标级联法的交直流混联配电网分布式优化运行

交直流混联的配电方式是未来配电网的一种重要发展方向,为克服其中各子系统分属不同利益主体而带来的功率信息传递的限制,提出了一种基于改进分析目标级联法的交直流混联配电网分布式优化运行方法。首先,针对交直流混联配电网的直流、换流站和交流区域,分别建立包含自身区域运行优化与区域间交互功率运行优化的模型;其次,采用分布式优化的思想,将交互功率作为共享变量,对模型目标函数进行解耦,并在传统的分析目标级联法中引入一个平衡系数,来解决因惩罚乘数初值选择不当,子系统函数项与惩罚项权重不平衡情况下算法性能不好的问题,在一致性约束下迭代求解分布式模型;最后,通过算例仿真,进行模型的有效性、改进算法性能以及分布式模型通用性的验证。

基于贝叶斯推理的风电机组风轮偏航协同智能控制方法

风向的变化对风电机组的偏航控制是一个挑战。对于风向的频繁变化,如果风电机组的反应速度过慢,无法及时调整偏航角度,将会影响发电效率。为了准确控制风电机组风轮偏航问题,文章提出了一种基于贝叶斯推理的风电机组风轮偏航协同智能控制方法。在考虑风速随机性的情况下,分析风向信号,获取风向样本数据。引入贝叶斯分类器,结合风向正态分析模型,计算服从上一批样本分布的风向样本后验概率,将其作为警戒值调节基准,建立基于贝叶斯推理的网络警戒值调节机制,通过爬山算法调节警戒值,完成风电机组风轮偏航协同智能控制。实验结果表明,所提方法对风电机组风轮偏航展开协同智能控制后,机舱位置出现偏航的次数为0,且偏航控制时间短,表明该方法可以完成风电机组风轮偏航协同智能控制。

基于一次风流量动态补偿的协调控制系统优化

针对火电机组协调控制系统中主蒸汽压力响应速度较慢的问题,通过将制粉系统中的部分存粉吹出来改善协调控制系统的控制效果。在传统制粉系统模型基础上考虑一次风流量的影响,建立了基于一次风流量的制粉系统模型,经验证,此模型可以很好地反映一次风流量对于制粉系统的动态特性;在制粉系统改进模型的基础上,设计了一次风流量动态补偿系统,与机组原协调控制系统相结合,构成了基于一次风流量动态补偿的协调控制系统,实现了对于磨煤机内部存粉的利用。仿真结果表明,所设计的系统通过改变一次风流量有效地利用了磨煤机内的存粉,在保证快速响应负荷变化的前提下,对于主蒸汽压力有良好的控制效果,提高了主蒸汽压力的响应速度,改善了协调控制系统的控制品质。

杨文信教授中西医结合治疗颜面再发性皮炎经验

颜面再发性皮炎是临床上常见的颜面部红斑鳞屑性疾病,多见于中青年女性,主要临床表现为颜面部轻度局限性红斑、细小糠状鳞屑,自觉瘙痒,易反复发生。该病发病原因不明,不但影响颜面部美观,还对患者造成严重身心损害,甚至使患者产生抑郁、焦虑等心理障碍,因此为皮肤科医师所重视。导师杨文信教授为四川省名中医,从事中医药临床和科研工作30余年,经过长期的临床实践和对外交流,积累了丰富的临床经验,尤其是对皮肤性病的认识和辨证治疗有较深的造诣。杨文信教授认为,颜面再发性皮炎主要是因为外感湿热毒邪,血热之邪上行,搏结于面部而发病,主张以血热为本,从湿、热、毒方面,结合舌、脉、症之辨证统一论治,治法以清热凉血疏风为主,方选九味消风散化裁,采用血热为本、脉症合参为主的中西医结合疗法进行治疗,同时注重对患者的心理疏导及良好的生活饮食习惯培养,以提高患者的治疗依从性。笔者有幸师从杨文信教授,颇有收获,现介绍杨文信教授结合西南地区的地域特点治疗颜面再发性皮炎的经验,为临床治疗该病提供参考。

Vibration analysis of hard-coated composite beam considering the strain dependent characteristic of coating material

The strain dependent characteristics of hard coatings make the vibration analysis of hard-coated composite structure become a challenging task. In this study, the modeling and the analysis method of a hard-coated composite beam was developed considering the strain dependent characteristics of coating material. Firstly, based on analyzing the properties of hard-coating material, a high order polynomial was adopted to characterize the strain dependent characteristics of coating materials. Then, the analytical model of a hard-coated composite beam was created by the energy method. Next, using the numerical method to solve the vibration response and the resonance frequencies of the composite beam, a specific calculation flow was also proposed. Finally,a cantilever beam coated with Mg O ＋ Al2_O_3 hard coating was chosen as the study case; under different excitation levels, the resonance region responses and the resonance frequencies of the composite beam were calculated using the proposed method. The calculation results were compared with the experiment and the linear calculation, and the correctness of the created model was verified. The study shows that compared with the general linear calculation, the proposed method can still maintain an acceptable precision when the excitation level is larger.

An adjustment method for active reflector of large high-frequency antennas considering gain and boresight

The design of the Qitai 110 m Radio Telescope（QTT） with large aperture and very high working frequency（115 GHz） was investigated in Xinjiang, China. The results lead to a main reflector with high surface precision and high pointing precision. In this paper, the properties of active surface adjustment in a deformed parabolic reflector antenna are analyzed. To assure the performance of large reflector antennas such as gain and boresight, which can be obtained by utilizing an electromechanical coupling model, and satisfy them simultaneously, research on active surface adjustment applied to a new parabolic reflector as target surface has been done. Based on the initial position of actuators and the relationship between adjustment points and target points, a novel mathematical model and a program thatdirectly calculates the movements of actuators have been developed for guiding the active surface adjustment of large reflector antennas. This adjustment method is applied to an 8 m reflector antenna,in which we only consider gravity deformation. The results show that this method is more efficient in adjusting the surface and improving the working performance.

New method for oblique impact dynamics research of a flexible beam with large overall motion considering impact friction force

A flexible beam with large overall rotating motion impacting with a rigid slope is studied in this paper. The tangential friction force caused by the oblique impact is analyzed. The tangential motion of the system is divided into a stick state and a slip state. The contact constraint model and Coulomb friction model are used respectively to deal with the two states. Based on this hybrid modeling method, dynamic equations of the system, which include all states（before, during, and after the collision）are obtained. Simulation results of a concrete example are compared with the results obtained from two other models： a nontangential friction model and a modified Coulomb model. Differences in the results from the three models are discussed. The tangential friction force cannot be ignored when an oblique impact occurs. In addition, the results obtained from the model proposed in this paper are more consistent with real movement.

New Development and Implications of Japan’s Security Policy

On the pretext of containing North Korea's nuclear and missile threats as well as China's emergence, Japan has been vigorously shifting its security policy with "selfdefense" as a major objective. Such a transformation would alter Japan's national development trajectory and also generate profound impacts on the Japan-US alliance and the regional security order.

Considering calcium-binding proteins in invertebrates: multi-functional proteins that shape neuronal growth

Calcium is a critical second messenger molecule in all cells and is vital in neurons for synaptic transmission.Given this importance,calcium ions are tightly controlled by a host of molecular players including ion channels,sensors,and buffering proteins.Calcium can act directly by binding to signaling molecules or calcium’s effects can be indirect,for example by altering nuclear histones.

A New Simulation of Track Structure of Low-Energy Electrons in Liquid Water:Considering the Condensed-Phase Effect on Electron Elastic Scattering

A new Monte Carlo simulation of the track structure of low-energy electrons （〈10keV） in liquid water is presented. The feature of the simulation is taken into consideration of the condensed-phase effect of liquid water on electron elastic scattering with the use of the Champion model, while the dielectric response formalism incorporating the optical-data model developed by Emfietzoglou et al. is applied for calculating the electron inelastic scattering. The spatial distributions of energy deposition and inelastic scattering events of low-energy electrons with different primary energies in liquid water are calculated and compared with other theoretical evaluations. The present work shows that the condensed-phase effect of liquid water on electron elastic scattering may be of the influence on the fraction of absorbed energy and distribution of inelastic scattering events at lower primary energies, which also indicate potential effects on the DNA damage induced by low-energy electrons.

Space Transformation-Based Interdependency Modelling for Probabilistic Load Flow Analysis of Power Systems

Dependence among random input variables affects importantly the results of probabilistic load flow(PLF),system economic operation,and system security.To solve this problem,the main objectiveness of the paper is to analyze the performance of several schemes for simulating correlated variables combined with the point estimate method(PEM).Unlike the existing works that considering one single scheme combined with Monte Carlo simulation(MCS) or PEM,by neglecting the correlation among random input variables,four schemes were presented for disposing the dependence of correlated random variables,including Nataf transformation /polynomial normal transformation(PINT) combined with orthogonal transformation(OT) / elementary transformation(ET).Combining with the 2m+1 approach of PEM,a space transformation-based formulation was proposed and adopted for solving the PLF.The proposed approach is applied in the modified IEEE 30-bus system while considering correlated wind generations and load demands.Numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach compared with those obtained from the MCS.Results also show that the scheme of combining Nataf transformation and ET with PEM provides the best performance.

兼顾人防功能的地下综合管廊安全运维风险评估与优化

兼顾人防功能已成为地下综合管廊建设和运维的发展趋势,但地下综合管廊自身功能与人防要求的耦合使其安全风险评估和运维更为复杂,针对此问题提出基于AHP-云模型的地下综合管廊兼顾人防安全风险评估方法和补强优化措施。首先,利用等级全息建模方法(HHM)从宏观结构和安全管理视角构建风险识别维度,运用Vague集理论过滤分析,建立6个一级风险指标、36个二级风险指标;其次,构建风险评估AHP-云模型,评估徐圩新区地下综合管廊兼顾人防的安全运维管理现状;最后,针对评估结果并结合人防工程相关标准,提出综合管廊兼顾人防功能的优化措施,基于BIM和Unity 3D建立综合管廊兼顾人防情景演练。结果表明:评估方法与指标适用于兼顾人防的地下综合管廊,评估结果直观、准确、可靠;项目整体运维安全风险等级为低风险,但结构主体和孔口设施为中等风险,经补强优化后符合人防相关要求。

Non-Probabilistic Approach to the Time of Energy Emission in Small Quantum Systems

The energy emitted by an electron in course of its transition between two quantum levels can be considered as a dissipated energy. This energy is obtained within a definite interval of time. The problem of the size of the time interval necessary for transitions is examined both on the ground of the quantum approach as well as classical electrodynamics. It is found that in fact the emission time approaches the time interval connected with acceleration of a classical velocity of the electron particle from one of its quantum levels to a neighbouring one.

RC框架-剪力墙隔震结构地震韧性设计研究

高烈度地区重要建筑往往采用RC框架-剪力墙结构体系,采用隔震技术设计该类建筑,满足《建设工程抗震管理条例》中规定的设防地震下正常使用要求,甚至满足罕遇地震下的高韧性目标需求,成为了该类结构设计的重点难题。该研究以一8度区的RC框架-剪力墙工程为例,对该结构的抗震方案展开了设防和罕遇地震下的地震韧性评价。在此基础上,针对隔震结构提出了3种上部结构设计理念,并设计了3个隔震案例,进行了设防和罕遇地震下的韧性评价。分析结果表明:传统抗震结构在设防地震下无法满足正常使用需求,抗震韧性等级仅为一星;按降一度贴限设计确定隔震上部结构截面且按降一度确定上部结构配筋时,设防地震下需3.1 d的修复时间才能恢复正常使用功能,罕遇地震下的抗震韧性等级为二星;按降半度贴限设计确定上部结构截面,且按降一度确定上部结构配筋时,建筑功能可基本不中断,满足正常使用需求,但罕遇地震下的抗震韧性等级仍为二星;按不降度贴限设计确定上部结构截面且按降一度确定上部结构配筋时,建筑功能完全不中断,满足正常使用要求,罕遇地震下可达到韧性三星。研究的相关成果可为高烈度地区RC框架-剪力墙结构的隔震韧性设计的深入研究提供参考。