Coupling Strength and System Size Induce Firing Activity of Globally Coupled Neural Network

We investigate how firing activity of globally coupled neural network depends on the coupling strength C and system size N. Network elements are described by space-clamped FitzHugh- Nagumo （SCFHN） neurons with the values of parameters at which no firing activity occurs. It is found that for a given appropriate coupling strength, there is an intermediate range of system size where the firing activity of globally coupled SCFHN neural network is induced and enhanced. On the other hand, for a given intermediate system size level, there exists an optimal value of coupling strength such that the intensity of firing activity reaches its maximum. These phenomena imply that the coupling strength and system size play a vital role in firing activity of neural network.

System Size Resonance Associated with Canard Phenomenon in a Biological Cell System

The influence of internal noise on the calcium oscillations is studied. It is found that stochastic calcium oscillations occur when the internal noise is considered, while the corresponding deterministic dynamics only yields a steady state. Also,. the performance of such oscillations shows two maxima with the variation of the system size, indicating the occurrence of system size resonance. This behavior is found to be intimately connected with the canard phenomenon. Interestingly, it is also found that one of the optimal system sizes matches well with the real cell size, and such a match is robust to the variation of the control parameters.

System size dependence in backward relativistic hadron production in pA and AA collisions

Abstract： In this comprehensive study the multiplicity characteristics of the backward emitted relativistic hadron （shower particle） through hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus are overviewed in three dimensions. These dimensions are the projectile size, target size, and energy. To confirm the universality in this production system, wide ranges of system size and energy （Elab～2.1 A up to 200 A GeV） are used. The multiplicity characteristics of this hadron imply a limiting behavior with respect to the projectile size and energy. The target size is the main effective parameter in this production system. The exponential decay shapes is a characteristic feature of the backward shower particle multiplicity distributions. The decay constant changes with the target size to be nearly 2.02, 1.41, and 1.12 for the interactions with CNO, Era, and AgBr nuclei, respectively, irrespective of the projectile size and energy. While the backward production probability and average multiplicity are constants at different projectile sizes and energies, they can be correlated with the target size in power law relations.

System size effects on probing nuclear dissipation with neutrons

Using a dynamical Langevin equation coupled with a statistical decay model, we calculate the excess of the pre-scission neutron multiplicities over its standard statistical-model values as a function of the nuclear dissipation strength for the three nuclei 19~Os, 2~~Hg, and 21~po which have the same neutron-to-proton ratio N/Z. We find that by decreasing the size of the fissioning nuclei, the effects of nuclear dissipation on the excess of the pre-scission neutron multiplicity are substantially amplified, and that the sensitivity of this excess to the nuclear friction strength is considerably increased as well. We suggest that for those fissioning systems with the same N/Z that are populated in fusion reactions, to obtain a more accurate information of the nuclear dissipation strength by measuring the pre-scission neutron multiplicity, it is best to choose a system with a small size.

System size in relativistic heavy ion collisions

System size is more than a geometrical quantity in relativistic heavy ion collisions; it is closely related to evolution process, i.e. a different system size corresponds to a different evolution process, and whether QGP is produced depends on the system size. We propose that the system size should be under the same level when comparing the measurements from different colliding nuclei. The equivalence of the peripheral collisions of Au-Au and the central collisions of smaller nuclei is studied using the Monte Carlo method. Comparing the transverse overlapping area of the colliding nuclei, the number of participant nucleons and the number of nucleon-nucleon binary collisions in various colliding nuclei, we give an estimate of the correspondence in system size. This is helpful in the experimental comparison of the measurements from different colliding nuclei.

Modulation on the collective response behavior by the system size in two-dimensional coupled cell systems

By the intracellular calcium ionic minimal model proposed by Berridge, we investigated the collective response of two-dimensional (N×N) coupled cell systems to the external stimulation using numerical simulation methods. With a coupled intensity fixed and an appropriate coupled cell number chosen, the kinetic system size resonance was discovered. At the same time, it was found that the system size responding to the external stimulation for different coupled intensities transferred too, especially when the coupled intensity increased, the range of the corresponding system size extended. These phe- nomena illustrate that the coupled cell number and the coupled intensity can play con- structive roles in noisy coupled systems, by which the biology system would probably improve its capability to respond to the external stimulation.

Parallel algorithm of solidification process simulation for large-sized system of liquid metal atoms

A parallel arithmetic program for the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study of a large sized system consisting of 50 000100 000 atoms of liquid metals is reformed, based on the cascade arithmetic program used for the molecular dynamics simulation study of a small sized system consisting of 5001 000 atoms. The program is used to simulate the rapid solidification processes of liquid metal Al system. Some new results, such as larger clusters composed of more than 36 smaller clusters (icosahedra or defect icosahedra) obtained in the system of 50 000 atoms, however, the larger clusters can not be seen in the small sized system of 5001 000 atoms. On the other hand, the results from this simulation study would be more closed to the real situation of the system under consideration because the influence of boundary conditions is decreased remarkably. It can be expected that from the parallel algorithm combined with the higher performance super computer, the total number of atoms in simulation system can be enlarged again up to tens, even hundreds times in the near future.

The Effect of Land Degradation on Farm Size Dynamics and Crop-Livestock Farming System in Ethiopia: A Review

Ethiopia is among the poorest countries in which poverty, land and resource degradation appear to feed off each other. The irony is that Ethiopia is a country with high biodiversity and distinctive ecosystems and the natural resource base is critical to the economy and the livelihood of a high percentage of the population. Being the owner of varying agro ecology, the country’s agricultural production system had practiced for decades with a maximum potential. However, because of the presence of interrelated problems, the productivity had not sustained as its potential. From the interrelated problems, land degradation takes the first and challengeable problem in many countries. Land degradation refers to a temporary or permanent decline in the productive capacity of the land, or its potential for environmental management as a result;the long-term biological and environmental potential of the land has been compromised. Land degradation in the Ethiopian highlands (i.e. areas above 1500 m.a.s.l.) has been a concern for many years and is a great threat for the future that requires great effort and resources to ameliorate. It had adverse effect on lowering of livestock production by shrinking grazing land, the fertile soil types were washed and the grazing land was dominantly covered by unpalatable pastures and grasses which had low nutritive value and fertility for crop-livestock production system. In other cases, degradation induces farmers to convert land to lower-value uses;for instance, cropland converted to grazing land, or grazing lands converted to shrubs or forests. Equitable and secure access to land is a critical factor for the rural poor, especially livestock owners, who depend on agriculture and animal-related activities for their livelihood. Having secure access to land for agriculture and pastoral activities reduces their vulnerability and enhances their opportunities to invest in land for agriculture and livestock activities. Historical patterns of feudal ownership of land followed by government ownership and despite policy change uncertain status of land ownership. These land distribution and ownership patterns coupled with continuous fragmentations and degradation disrupt the balance between crop, livestock, and forest production. These things nowadays enforce Ethiopian farmers to put more land into crop production than working on livestock sector. Livelihoods are complex, dependent on animal and crop production based on land and water resources, with emerging market opportunities. And from year to year, the size of farms is getting minimized because of land degradation and segmentations, and these make a change in farm size dynamics and farming shift. Currently, there is a great scenario towards the land policy pattern and agricultural production system, which is the backbone of the country’s economy. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to review the effect of land degradation on farm size dynamics and crop-livestock production since the impact of these things is not well measured.

Coupling Effects of Depletion Interactions in Three-Sphere Systems with Different Size Ratio of Large- to Small-Sphere

The coupling effects of depletion interactions in three-sphere systems with different size ratio of large- to small-sphere are studied by Monte Carlosimulations in this paper. The numerical results show that this coupling effect is affected by the size ratio of large- to small-sphere: the larger the size ratio is, the larger the coupling effect will be.

In- and Anti-transition of Firing Patterns Induced by Random Long-range Connections in Coupled Hindmarsh-Rose Neurons System

The effects of random long-range connections （shortcuts） on the transitions of neural firing patterns in coupled Hindmarsh-Rose neurons are investigated, where each neuron is subjected to an external current. It is found that, on one hand, the system can achieve the transition of neural firing patterns from the fewer-period state to the multi-period one, when the number of the added shortcuts in the neural network is greater than a threshold value, indicating the occurrence of in-transition of neural firing patterns. On the other hand, for a stronger coupling strength, we can also find the similar but reverse results by adding some proper random connections. In addition, the influences of system size and coupling strength on such transition behavior, as well as the internality between the transition degree of firing patterns and its critical characteristics for different external stimulation current, are also discussed.

兼顾新能源消纳与频率电压支撑的电池储能系统优化规划

随着新能源发电占比的逐步提升,电力系统消纳新能源发电的难度和压力增大,电网的频率和电压稳定性面临巨大挑战。通过在电网中配置电池储能系统,不仅可以提升新能源的消纳能力,还可以提升系统频率和电压的支撑能力。因此,研究电池储能系统优化规划方法,考虑储能在电力系统正常运行时用于新能源消纳,在紧急情况下对频率和电压进行快速支撑,从而提高储能利用率,降低系统成本。建立了考虑新能源消纳的电池储能系统协同规划模型,可得到输电网中集中式电池储能系统和配电网中分布式电池储能系统的选址定容结果。提出了一种兼顾频率和电压支撑的电池储能系统规划方法,分别对储能位置、无功功率容量、有功功率容量和能量容量进行优化规划。综合考虑储能的多重功能,构建其支撑系统调频调压的约束,建立了兼顾新能源消纳与频率电压支撑的电池储能系统优化规划模型,得到电池储能系统的最终选址定容结果。基于IEEE 24节点输电网和IEEE 33节点配电网设计算例系统进行仿真分析,验证了所提方法的有效性。

基于功率预测的自适应变步长MPPT算法研究

最大功率点跟踪技术(Maximum Power Point Tracking, MPPT)是光伏发电系统中关键技术研究的热点之一。针对传统扰动观察法跟踪速度和精度无法兼顾的问题,文中提出了一种以功率变化量为步长控制量的自适应变步长扰动观察法,通过判断功率变化趋势,对远离最大功率点,采用大步长逼近;靠近最大功率点,采用小步长逼近。建立太阳能光伏电池数学模型得到其输出特性曲线,再利用MATLAB/Simulink搭建基于Boost电路的MPPT仿真模型,最后经仿真验证了所提出算法的稳定性、快速性和准确性,它比传统算法具有更好的MPPT暂态性能。

四川超级含气盆地古生界大中型气田分布规律及其主控因素

四川盆地是中国天然气资源最为富集的超级含气盆地,但天然气探明程度目前仍然偏低。为了给下一步天然气勘探提供理论支撑,基于该盆地典型气田勘探历程,结合多期构造演化与含油气系统分析,探讨了四川盆地古生界大中型气田富集分布规律及其主控因素,揭示了该盆地巨大的天然气勘探潜力。研究结果表明:①四川盆地古生界蕴含3个超级含油气系统,即下寒武统筇竹寺组(探明储量占该盆地天然气总探明储量的17.55%)、上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组(探明储量占该盆地天然气总探明储量的41.30%)、上二叠统龙潭组/吴家坪组(探明储量占该盆地天然气总探明储量的12.53%);②该盆地古生界已发现20个超大型气田(天然气探明储量超过1000×10^(8)m^(3)),14个大型气田(天然气探明储量介于300×10^(8)~1000×10^(8)m^(3))以及20个中型气田(天然气探明储量介于100×10^(8)~300×10^(8)m^(3)),超大型气田探明储量占该盆地天然气总探明储量的85.5%;③古生界大型隆—坳格局构造沉积分异作用控制影响着该盆地内筇竹寺组、五峰组—龙马溪组和龙潭组/吴家坪组3套优质烃源岩层系的形成与分布。结论认为,晚三叠世以来的陆相盆地演化过程使得中晚三叠世—早中侏罗世成为上述3个超级含油气系统的关键成藏期,形成了3个气田群(绵阳—长宁拉张槽周缘带震旦系—下古生界、开江—梁平与蓬溪—武胜拉张槽周缘带二叠系—三叠系、川东南五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气),其合计天然气储量均超过1×10^(12)m^(3),是该盆地天然气勘探的有利区带。

Assessment of the Relationship between ESR Signal Intensity and Grain Size Distribution in Shear Zones within the Atotsugawa Fault System, Central Japan

For the first time, a relationship between ESR signal intensity and grain size distribution (sieve technique) in shear zones within the Atotsugawa fault system have been investigated using fault core rocks. The grain size distributions were estimated using the sieve technique and microscopic observations. Stacks of sieves with openings that decrease consecutively in the order of 4.75 mm, 1.18 mm, 600 μm, 300 μm, 150 μm and 75 μm were chosen for this study. Grain size distributions analysis revealed that samples further from the slip plane have larger d50 (average gain size) (0.45 mm at a distance of 30 - 50 mm from the slip plane) while those close to the slip plane have smaller d50 values (0.19 mm at a distance of 0 - 10 mm from the slip plane). This is due to intensive crushing that is always associated with large displacement during fault activities. However, this pattern was not respected in all shear zones in that, larger d50 values were instead observed in samples close to the slip plane due to admixture of fault rocks from different fault activities. Results from ESR analysis revealed that the relatively finer samples close to the slip plane have low ESR signals intensity while those further away (coarser) have relatively higher signal intensity. This tendency however, is not consistence in some of the shear zones due to a complex network of anatomizing faults. The variation in grain size distribution within some of the shear zones implies that, a series of fault events have taken place in the past thus underscoring the need for further investigation of the possibility of reoccurrence of faults.

多源数据视角下黄河流域城市体系的规模等级与网络结构分析

基于宏观统计、微观企业和交通大数据,从规模和网络2个方面及“城市节点-发展轴线-空间格局”3个维度,分析黄河流域城市体系的规模等级和网络结构特征以及二者关系。结果表明:黄河流域城市体系呈现多中心分布特征,规模等级趋于均衡,形成了以兰州-西安-郑州-济南-青岛为主导的发展轴线和“Ψ”型空间格局。规模等级和网络结构成拉平的“S型”曲线关系,可划分为低水平低速耦合、中水平高速耦合和高水平低速耦合3个阶段。

喷雾降温系统中纯水液滴群蒸发域的模拟研究

为了避免喷雾降温系统中液滴沉降到设备及人体表面对工艺及人体热舒适造成影响,需要针对纯水液滴群蒸发域问题进行研究。本文采用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法,研究了喷雾降温系统作用下,不同热源温度、液滴初始粒径对液滴群蒸发域的影响,分析了室内温度分布及液滴粒径分布,探讨了室内热源温度及液滴初始粒径对蒸发域高度的影响规律。结果表明:随着热源温度的增加,热羽流对喷雾射流的抑制作用增强,液滴群的蒸发域随之增大;当液滴初始粒径增大时,液滴群的蒸发域随之减小,喷雾射流范围内的温度随之增加;液滴群蒸发域高度随着热源温度的增加而呈线性增大,随液滴初始粒径的增加而呈线性减小,当热源温度大于400℃,液滴初始粒径大于60μm时,其对液滴群蒸发域高度的影响较小。

新疆准噶尔盆地白家海凸起深部煤层气孔渗系统特征

【目的】新疆深部煤层气资源丰富,其中准噶尔盆地白家海凸起侏罗系煤层是深部煤层气勘探开发的有利目标区。深部煤层气孔渗系统直接决定了深部煤层气的可采性。【方法】以新疆油田2023年最新施工的彩煤2-004H评价井为基础,基于扫描电镜观察,压汞–低温液氮–二氧化碳吸附、低场核磁共振、CT扫描,变温压孔渗实验,结合数学建模,深入研究了本区侏罗系西山窑组煤的孔渗系统。【结果和结论】结果表明:(1)研究区深部煤储层孔隙类型以植物组织孔和气孔为主,孔裂隙发育,形态多为板状和狭缝状,孔裂隙连通性好,多为开放型孔。(2)全孔径表征结果显示,超微孔最为发育,其次为中孔和过渡孔,各类型孔隙发育较为均匀,总孔比表面积和总孔容较大,接近于贫煤和无烟煤,暗示了其吸附性和储集能力较强,其主要地质原因在于其煤层为特低灰分(平均灰分在5%左右)煤、煤岩显微组分中主要为丝质体和结构腐殖体,且处于构造高部位的煤储层断裂发育。(3)考虑温度和有效应力对孔隙率和渗透率的影响,建立了研究区孔隙率和渗透率与埋深的关系式。与鄂尔多斯盆地大宁-吉县区块深部煤相比,不论是常规孔渗结果,还是模拟原位储层条件下的孔渗系统,白家海凸起深部煤储层孔隙率和渗透率均较大,原位储层条件下孔隙率介于8.60%~10.21%,渗透率介于(0.04~0.21)×10^(-3)μm^(2)。即本区深部煤储层孔渗系统,不仅储气能力较强,同时其导流能力也较好。

基于模糊逻辑的光伏系统变步长P&O MPPT算法

为解决光伏发电系统中最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)关键难题,提出一种改进的扰动观察(P&O)最大功率点跟踪算法,该算法使用基于模糊逻辑的可变步长扰动观测MPPT算法(FP&O)来克服与传统P&O MPPT跟踪方法相关的无法兼顾跟踪速度和稳态精度的限制,从而改善瞬态响应并降低稳态端电压振荡。所提出的MPPT算法通过MATLAB仿真验证其有效性和可行性。仿真结果表明,基于模糊逻辑的变步长P&O MPPT算法相比传统MPPT算法兼顾了跟踪速度和稳态精度,系统响应速度更快,平均输出功率更高且功率振荡范围更小,改善了光伏系统的动、静态工作性能。

航空发动机积垢和在线清洗技术研究进展

随着中国民航事业的发展,航空发动机的经济性与安全性至关重要。压气机积垢是造成航空发动机性能降低的主要因素之一,发动机在线清洗是目前经济有效的除垢手段,积垢的清除效果与清洗系统参数密切相关。系统总结了发动机积垢机理和清除技术研究现状,分析评述了用于评估积垢效应的模型,考虑垢质颗粒运动过程中的聚合、破碎和表面侵蚀,进一步量化沉积效应和时间尺度,改进数值模拟过程、提高模型精度等方面尚需优化。同时对在线清洗参数和清洗时机进行了深入讨论,指出了不同在线清洗参数和清洗时机的清洗效果目前还处于初步研究阶段,还应加强对射流系统的喷雾覆盖范围、液滴尺寸和清洗频率的研究,建议在积垢程度、不同压气机尺寸和在线清洗经济性等方面进一步优化清洗工艺参数和清洗时机。

宝钢股份高炉煤气干法除尘与湿法除尘的选择

对高炉煤气除尘系统是选择干法除尘还是湿法除尘进行了探讨。以宝钢股份高炉煤气干法除尘与湿法除尘运行数据为基础,重点分析比较了煤气干法除尘与湿法除尘的TRT发电量及发电效率,提出了煤气干法除尘TRT发电效率低于湿法除尘的新观点。认为,传统观念中煤气干法除尘的发电量比湿法除尘增加30%,是建立在炉顶温度适宜,且TRT发电效率保持湿法除尘水平的基础上;宝钢股份高炉的运行数据表明,与煤气湿法除尘相比,干法除尘TRT电能转化效率低,同等条件下的发电量仅增加15.9%,而TRT发电效率低9.33%。