Therapeutic Communication Methods Targeting Families and Family Members: A Literature Review

Background and Purpose: Therapeutic communication is a new term in family health care nursing, defined by Hohashi (2019) as a method of family intervention, and characterized by inclusion of not only verbal conversation but also nonverbal interaction. However, specific therapeutic communication methods have not been systematized. The purpose of this study was to clarify therapeutic communication methods for families/family members from the perspectives of verbal communication and non-verbal communication through a review of existing literature. Methods: We conducted a search using the medical literature databases PubMed and Ichushi-Web using the keywords “therapeutic communication”. Analysis was performed on seven articles from PubMed and 14 articles from Ichushi-Web that described therapeutic communication methods performed by healthcare professionals for families/family members. Through directed content analysis, therapeutic communication methods were subcategorized, and classified into three categories: verbal communication, non-verbal communication, and verbal/non-verbal communication. Results: A total of 23 subcategories were extracted. Verbal communication included 11 subcategories, such as “asking questions using the communicatee’s words as they are”. Non-verbal communication included five subcategories, such as “noticing changes in the content of the communicatee’s story”. And verbal/non-verbal communication featured seven subcategories, such as “making the communicatee aware of one’s own beliefs”. Conclusion: Therapeutic communication methods included basic care/caring in family interviews/meetings, as well as verbal communication and non-verbal communication that act on family/family members’ beliefs. It is believed that changes in family/family members’ beliefs can be used to eliminate, reduce, or improve problematic conditions in the family. .

Anderson's Cognitive Theory and Learning Strategy Studies in Second Language Acquisition

Second language acquisition can not be understood without addressing the interaction between language and cognition. Cognitive theory can extend to describe learning strategies as complex cognitive skills. Theoretical developments in Anderson’s production systems cover a broader range of behavior than other theories, including comprehension and production of oral and written texts as well as comprehension, problem solving, and verbal learning.Thus Anderson’s cognitive theory can be served as a rationale for learning strategy studies in second language acquisition.

Engineering System Theory─A New Engineering Meta-Discipline

This paper proposes a new engineering disciplin─Engineering System Theory. It dis cusses rendered background, research objects and contents of the engineering system theory briefly. Finally, the met-discipline standing of the engineering system theory in the whole knowledge system of engineering science and its development potential are pointed out.

Developmental Routines of Oral English Ability for English Major Students:Based on Complex and Dynamic Systems Theory

This study employs a Q methodology to explore the developmental routines of oral English ability for 12 English major students in China inspired by Complex and Dynamic Systems Theory(CDST).The data analysis suggests the next findings:(1)two developmental patterns emerge as the gradual improvement and the strong phase shift influenced by internal and external factors for interactions among different subsystems;(2)guided by CDST,the study proves the importance of self-organization and initial condition in previous studies.According to the above findings,It is highly suggested for teachers to form a holistic view of students’oral English development concerning the non-linear characteristic and individual differences.

Viscous fluid damping in a laterally oscillating finger of a comb-drive micro-resonator based on micro-polar fluid theory

Viscous damping is a dominant source of energy dissipation in laterally oscillating micro-structures. In microresonators in which the characteristic dimensions are comparable to the dimensions of the fluid molecules, the assumption of the continuum fluid theory is no longer justified and the use of micro-polar fluid theory is indispensable. In this paper a mathematical model was presented in order to predict the viscous fluid damping in a laterally oscillating finger of a micro-resonator considering micro-polar fluid theory. The coupled governing partial differential equations of motion for the vibration of the finger and the micro-polar fluid field have been derived. Considering spin and no-spin boundary conditions, the related shape functions for the fluid field were presented. The obtained governing differential equations with time varying boundary conditions have been transformed to an enhanced form with homogenous boundary conditions and have been discretized using a Galerkin-based reduced order model. The effects of physical properties of the micro-polar fluid and geometrical parameters of the oscillating structure on the damping ratio of the system have been investigated.

Special Issue on New Trends in Theory and Applications of Complex Control Systems

Complexity is one of the leading features of modem control systems. It is caused by the complex properties of controlled plants and the varied requirements in controller designs. In dealing with the control problems with complexity, in the past two decades, a lot of papers have been published that reported fruitful results on different theoretical backgrounds and with different methodologies, such as differential geometry-based design methods, hybrid system theory, switching control, neural network-based intelligent control, etc.

Parameterization and Explicit Modeling of Cloud Microphysics:Approaches, Challenges, and Future Directions

Cloud microphysical processes occur at the smallest end of scales among cloud-related processes and thus must be parameterized not only in large-scale global circulation models(GCMs)but also in various higher-resolution limited-area models such as cloud-resolving models(CRMs)and large-eddy simulation(LES)models.Instead of giving a comprehensive review of existing microphysical parameterizations that have been developed over the years,this study concentrates purposely on several topics that we believe are understudied but hold great potential for further advancing bulk microphysics parameterizations:multi-moment bulk microphysics parameterizations and the role of the spectral shape of hydrometeor size distributions;discrete vs“continuous”representation of hydrometeor types;turbulence-microphysics interactions including turbulent entrainment-mixing processes and stochastic condensation;theoretical foundations for the mathematical expressions used to describe hydrometeor size distributions and hydrometeor morphology;and approaches for developing bulk microphysics parameterizations.Also presented are the spectral bin scheme and particle-based scheme(especially,super-droplet method)for representing explicit microphysics.Their advantages and disadvantages are elucidated for constructing cloud models with detailed microphysics that are essential to developing processes understanding and bulk microphysics parameterizations.Particle-resolved direct numerical simulation(DNS)models are described as an emerging technique to investigate turbulence-microphysics interactions at the most fundamental level by tracking individual particles and resolving the smallest turbulent eddies in turbulent clouds.Outstanding challenges and future research directions are explored as well.

Function projective synchronization between fractional-order chaotic systems and integer-order chaotic systems

This paper investigates the function projective synchronization between fractional-order chaotic systems and integer-order chaotic systems using the stability theory of fractional-order systems. The function projective synchronization between three-dimensional （3D） integer-order Lorenz chaotic system and 3D fractional-order Chen chaotic system are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Studying thin film damping in a micro-beam resonator based on non-classical theories

In this paper, a mathematical model is presented for studying thin film damping of the surrounding fluid in an in-plane oscillating micro-beam resonator. The proposed model for this study is made up of a clamped-clamped micro-beam bound between two fixed layers. The microgap between the micro-beam and fixed layers is filled with air. As classical theories are not properly capable of predicting the size dependence behaviors of the micro-beam,and also behavior of micro-scale fluid media, hence in the presented model, equation of motion governing longitudinal displacement of the micro-beam has been extracted based on non-local elasticity theory. Furthermore, the fluid field has been modeled based on micro-polar theory. These coupled equations have been simplified using Newton-Laplace and continuity equations. After transforming to non-dimensional form and linearizing, the equations have been discretized and solved simultaneously using a Galerkin-based reduced order model. Considering slip boundary conditions and applying a complex frequency approach, the equivalent damping ratio and quality factor of the micro-beam resonator have been obtained. The obtained values for the quality factor have been compared to those based on classical theories. We have shown that applying non-classical theories underestimate the values of the quality factor obtained based on classical theo-ries. The effects of geometrical parameters of the micro-beam and micro-scale fluid field on the quality factor of the resonator have also been investigated.

A Framework for Exploring the Dynamics of Autonomous Work Groups in Manufacturing Organizations

Nowadays, new paradigm of enterprise organization i s constantly changing due to the emergence of the global marketplace, the rise of information technology, and the emphasis of the social developments. This re quires a more flexible form of organization that are more adaptable to rapid cha nges in business environment such as autonomous work groups (AWGs) in order to achieve higher productivity and effectiveness. AWGs are work units responsib le for the production of goods and the provision of services. They involve team members in making decisions that are traditionally the responsibility of the sup ervisors and managers (Cohen & Bailey, 1997). Team members of AWGs are allowed t o self-regulate their behavior on jobs such as task assignments, methods for ca rrying out the work, and scheduling of activities etc. (Cohen & Ledford, 1994). For example, Motorola achieved a high organizational performance due to the succ essful implementation of AWGs in quality management (Piczak & Hauser, 1996). Xer ox also reported their operational successes based on the team-oriented work gr oups (Wageman, 1997). In recent years many organizations have replaced the traditional layers of manag ement with autonomous team-based work arrangements. Surveys indicated that the adoption of AWGs has soared in responding to the competitive business challenges . Many enterprises are making a deliberate effort to use AWGs to carry out work and operational processes as an alternative for hierarchical approaches (Lawler et al., 1995). There is a growing body of evidence that AWGs are more effective than traditionally managed groups and they contributes to organizational perform ance, such as improvement in operational performance, productivity, quality, cos t savings, employee attitude and behavior, and employee satisfaction (e.g. Pears on, 1992; Cohen & Ledford, 1994; Seers et al. 1995). Given the complexity and cognitive nature of team-based organizations, the mech anisms that the enterprises use in the development of the increasingly sophistic ated models, which can contribute to the effective functioning of AWGs, are extr emely important. The process of developing effective AWGs enables enterprises to inherent built-in intelligence of the organizations so that they will be more able to accommodate to external pressures and changes. The context of this paper is the construction of a dynamics framework and a stra tegic path for autonomous work groups in the technology-oriented manufacturing organization re-design. The framework is a conceptual one drawn from the litera ture survey. The importance of studying autonomous work groups for today’s manuf acturing organizations is claimed. Based on the General System Theory (GST), the characterization of AWGs is addressed. Three-dimensional domains such as t echnical content, service content, and relationship content are identified. A st rategic path is proposed to guide the organizations how the development of AWGs progresses at different levels of maturity that are associated with organization al effectiveness and performance. The utility of the model for AWGs is expected to provide technology-oriented organizations with a strategic path to achieve h igher organizational performance.

THE LOGIC CONSERVATION OF COMPOSITIONS BETWEEN PANWEIGHTED NETWORKS AND PANWEIGHTED FIELDS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN ANN

In this paper, several definitions of composing panweighted networks and panweighted fields are given, a group of theorems about the logic conservation of compositions between panweighted networks and panweighted fields are proved. By combining the average field model, the future application of panweighted networks and panweighted fields in ANN is discussed.

Systems Engineering and Its Theoretical Basis

This article provides an overview of the architecture of system science developed by Qian Xuesen, with a particular stress laid upon the methodology and theoretical basis of systems engineering. The latter refers mainly to the establishment of systematology. Presented here is an introduction to some conclusions on the object, content and method of systematology study that have been reached by a seminar under the personal direction of Qian Xuesen.

FUNDAMENTAL COMMUNICATIONS THEORIES AND SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES FOR AMORPHOUS CELLULAR SYSTEMS

The rapid developing of the fourth generation(4G)wireless communications has aroused tremendous demands for high speed data transmission due to the dissemination of various types of the intelligent user terminals as well as the wireless multi-media services.It is predicted that the network throughput will increase

Information for Authors

The Journal of Control Theory and Applications （JCTA） publishes high-quality papers on the theory,design,and applications in the systems and control field.This journal is published quarterly.Three types of contribution s are regularly considered：

Stability analysis and control synthesis of uncertain Roesser-type discrete-time two-dimensional systems

We study the stability analysis and control synthesis of uncertain discrete-time two-dimensional（2D） systems.The mathematical model of the discrete-time 2D system is established upon the well-known Roesser model,and the uncertainty phenomenon,which appears typically in practical environments,is modeled by a convex bounded（polytope type） uncertain domain.The stability analysis and control synthesis of uncertain discrete-time 2D systems are then developed by applying the Lyapunov stability theory.In the processes of stability analysis and control synthesis,the obtained stability/stabilzaition conditions become less conservative by applying some novel relaxed techniques.Moreover,the obtained results are formulated in the form of linear matrix inequalities,which can be easily solved via standard numerical software.Finally,numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the obtained results.

Dissolution Precipitation Wave Structure of Hydrothermal Ore Zoning

Hydrothermal ore zoning is a transport-reaction problem in which infiltration is the principal Prcness of transport and dissolution/Precipitation is the Principal process of chemical reactions.Neglecting diffusion and ion exchange/adsorption would not affect the basic attributes of hydrothermal ore zoning. Hydrothermal ore zoning belongs essentially to infiltration metasomatic zoning, it results from the formation and propagation of dissolution/precipitation waves through Permeable media. The authors apply the theory of coupled infiltration and dissolution/precipitation reactions in Physicochemical hydrodynamics to studying the structural characteristics of dissolution/precipitation waves, and apply furthermore the coherence principle in dynamic theory of multicomponent coupled systems to revealing the dynamic mechanisms of their formation. The results of investigation verify and develop . C. 's theory of infiltration metasomatic zoning,on the one hand, raising it from the qualitative, equilibrium thermodynamic basis to the quantitative dynamic level;on the other hand, and more importantly, applying theories of Physicochemical hydrodynamics and dynamics of multicomponent coupled systems to bringing to light the dynamic mechanisms of formation of the structure of hydrothermal ore zoning, and advancing a theory of hydrothermal ore zoning, putting forward new ideas on the nature of the problem of hydrothermal ore zoning, the essence of hydrothermal ore zoning and the structural characteristics and mechanisms of formation of hydrothermal ore zoning.

Non-Probabilistic Approach to the Time of Energy Emission in Small Quantum Systems

The energy emitted by an electron in course of its transition between two quantum levels can be considered as a dissipated energy. This energy is obtained within a definite interval of time. The problem of the size of the time interval necessary for transitions is examined both on the ground of the quantum approach as well as classical electrodynamics. It is found that in fact the emission time approaches the time interval connected with acceleration of a classical velocity of the electron particle from one of its quantum levels to a neighbouring one.

Theoretical Study of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectra and Local Lattice Distortion for Mn^(2+) in Zn(ClO_4)_2·6(H_2O)Mg(ClO_4)_2·6(H_2O)

The electron paramagnetic resonance（EPR） spectra of trigonal Mn^（2＋） centers in Zn（ClO4）2·6（H2O） and Mg（ClO4）2·6（H2O） crystals were studied on the basis of the complete energy matrices for a d^5 configuration ion in a trigonal ligand field. It was demonstrated that the local lattice structure around a trigonal Mn^（2＋） center has an compressed distortion along the crystalline c3 axis, and when Mn^（2＋） is doped in the Zn（ClO4）2·6（H2O） and Mg（ClO4）2·6（H2O） crystals, there is a similar local distortion. From the EPR calculation, the local lattice structure parameters R=2.183 2 ？, for Zn（ClO4）2·6（H2O）, R=2.130 2 ？, for Mg（ClO4）2·6（H2O） have been determined.

SYSTEMIC SOLUTIONS FOR SYSTEMIC PROBLEMS

The systems sciences and cybernetics emerged in the years after World War II. These fields created many new approaches to engineering and management and contributed new ideas to existing academic fields. The new fields also identified similar concepts across a range of fields and began to create a general theory of systems. In addition the systems sciences created a variety of methods for managing complex systems, for example logistics, operations research and computer simulations. In the 1970s there was concern about population and environment balance. Currently there is increasing concern with governance, since the rate of presentation of problems seems to be greater than the ability of our institutions to manage them. This paper will discuss the history of systems science and cybernetics, the questions formulated and the solutions proposed, the difficulties encountered in Finding a home within contemporary universities and some exciting lines of research now underway.

ON LIAPUNOV FUNCTIONAL IN THEORY OF STABILITY OF SYSTEMS WITH TIME-LAG

It is well known,that in the theory of stability in differential equations,Liapunov's second method may be the most important The center problem of Liapunov's second method is construction of Liapunov function for concrete problems.Beyond any doubt,construction of Liapunov functions is an art.In the case of functional differential equations,there were also many attempts to establish various kinds of Liapunov type theorems.Recently Burton[2]presented an excellent theorem using the Liapunov functional to solve the asymptotic stability of functional differential equation with bounded delay. However,the construction of such a Liapunov functional is still very hard for concrete problems. In this paper, by utilizing this theorem due to Burton,we construct concrete Liapunov functional for certain and nonlinear delay differential equations and derive new sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability.Those criteria improve the result of literature[1]and they are with simple forms,easily checked and applicable.