A Novel High-Efficiency Transaction Verification Scheme for Blockchain Systems

Blockchain can realize the reliable storage of a large amount of data that is chronologically related and verifiable within the system.This technology has been widely used and has developed rapidly in big data systems across various fields.An increasing number of users are participating in application systems that use blockchain as their underlying architecture.As the number of transactions and the capital involved in blockchain grow,ensuring information security becomes imperative.Addressing the verification of transactional information security and privacy has emerged as a critical challenge.Blockchain-based verification methods can effectively eliminate the need for centralized third-party organizations.However,the efficiency of nodes in storing and verifying blockchain data faces unprecedented challenges.To address this issue,this paper introduces an efficient verification scheme for transaction security.Initially,it presents a node evaluation module to estimate the activity level of user nodes participating in transactions,accompanied by a probabilistic analysis for all transactions.Subsequently,this paper optimizes the conventional transaction organization form,introduces a heterogeneous Merkle tree storage structure,and designs algorithms for constructing these heterogeneous trees.Theoretical analyses and simulation experiments conclusively demonstrate the superior performance of this scheme.When verifying the same number of transactions,the heterogeneous Merkle tree transmits less data and is more efficient than traditional methods.The findings indicate that the heterogeneous Merkle tree structure is suitable for various blockchain applications,including the Internet of Things.This scheme can markedly enhance the efficiency of information verification and bolster the security of distributed systems.

Functionality evaluation of system of systems architecture based on extended influence diagrams

System of systems architecture（SoSA） has received increasing emphasis by scholars since Zachman ignited its flame in 1987. Given its complexity and abstractness, it is critical to validate and evaluate SoSA to ensure requirements have been met.Multiple qualities are discussed in the literature of SoSA evaluation, while research on functionality is scarce. In order to assess SoSA functionality, an extended influence diagram（EID） is developed in this paper. Meanwhile, a simulation method is proposed to elicit the conditional probabilities in EID through designing and executing SoSA. An illustrative anti-missile architecture case is introduced for EID development, architecture design, and simulation.

A Triple Human-Digital Twin Architecture for Cyber-Physical Systems

With the development of information and communication technology and the advent of the Internet of Things(IoT)era,cyber-physical system(CPS)is becoming the trend of products or systems.The deep integration and real-time interaction between the physical world and the virtual world expand system functions.Although there are some CPS implementation guidelines,the virtual world is still relatively abstract compared to the concrete physical world that can be touched through the IoT.Besides that,human is a non-negligible CPS endogenous interactive intelligent component.In this paper,we propose a triple human-digital twin architecture,where the physical objects and the digital twins that are the projections of the physical entities establish the cornerstone of human functioning together.And the hierarchically distributed digital twins grow dynamically with the physical entities along the lifecycle.Furthermore,the interaction and collaboration among the physical objects,the digital twins,and the humans in their respective worlds(the expected world,the interpreted world,and the physical world)integrate the full value chain of the products in anticipation of seamless synergy.Finally,we present a power management digital companion platform for the lunar probe to demonstrate the efficacy of the architecture.

Ripple-effect analysis for operational architecture of air defense systems with supernetwork modeling

In order to solve the problem that the ripple-effect analy- sis for the operational architecture of air defense systems （OAADS） is hardly described in quantity with previous modeling approaches, a supernetwork modeling approach for the OAADS is put for- ward by extending granular computing. Based on that operational units and links are equal to different information granularities, the supernetwork framework of the OAADS is constructed as a “four- network within two-layer” structure by forming dynamic operating coalitions, and measuring indexes of the ripple-effect analysis for the OAADS are given combining with Laplace spectral radius. In this framework, via analyzing multidimensional attributes which inherit relations between operational units in different granular scales, an extended granular computing is put forward integrating with a topological structure. Then the operation process within the supernetwork framework, including transformation relations be- tween two layers in the vertical view and mapping relations among functional networks in the horizontal view, is studied in quantity. As the application case shows, comparing with previous modeling approaches, the supernetwork model can validate and analyze the operation mechanism in the air defense architecture, and the ripple-effect analysis can be used to confirm the key operational unit with micro and macro viewpoints.

Contribution to Enterprise Intelligent Systems Architecture: Assumptions, Expectations and a Proposal

Currently, enterprise intelligent systems are built without expressed assumptions likely to enable harmonizing the field and correctly attributing the intelligence label to enterprise systems within the way they are built. In the present paper we propose three base assumptions for an enterprise intelligent system architecture as related to 1) Cognitive Enterprise, 2) Embodied Cognition and 3) Agent Paradigm. The aim is to open up possibility to deal with intelligence at the early stages of enterprise architecture and related disciplines such as system engineering and software development. In addi-tion, we suggest possible expectations from Enterprise Intelligent Systems Architecture and propose an architectural frame based on the cognitive architecture CogAff. Compared with similar works, we noted differences in the fact that our work takes into consideration the cognitive aspect of the firm and the general aspect of intelligence.

Special Section on Energy-Efficient Technologies:NoC Circuits, Architectures, and Systems

Energy consumption has been one of the major challenges and concerns for the electronic devices design, especially in high-performance multi- and many-core systems. A highly integrated many-core chip is prone to be extremely high-power consumption that exceeds the chip＇s power budget set leaded by cooling, packaging and/or the capacity of the power supply. When this situation happens, various parts of the many-core chip will have to be deliberately switched off （darkened） so that the chip is still in compliance with its power budget, which is referred as ＂dark silicon＂. Therefore, the research on energy efficient computing is a current trend and will continue to be an active area in the coming years.

Modeling the dynamic alignment of business and information systems via the lens of human-centered architecture evolution

The complexity of business and information systems(IS)alignment is a growing concern for researchers and practitioners alike.The extant research on alignment architecture fails to consider the human viewpoint,which makes it difficult to embrace emergent complexity.This paper contributes to the extant literature in the following ways.First,we combine an enterprise architecture(EA)framework with a human viewpoint to address alignment issues in the architecture design phase;second,we describe a dynamic alignment model by developing a humancentered meta-model that explains first-and second-order changes and their effects on alignment evolution.This paper provides better support for the theoretical research and the practical application of dynamic alignment.

Distributed MPC for Reconfigurable Architecture Systems via Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers

This paper investigates the distributed model predictive control(MPC)problem of linear systems where the network topology is changeable by the way of inserting new subsystems,disconnecting existing subsystems,or merely modifying the couplings between different subsystems.To equip live systems with a quick response ability when modifying network topology,while keeping a satisfactory dynamic performance,a novel reconfiguration control scheme based on the alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM)is presented.In this scheme,the local controllers directly influenced by the structure realignment are redesigned in the reconfiguration control.Meanwhile,by employing the powerful ADMM algorithm,the iterative formulas for solving the reconfigured optimization problem are obtained,which significantly accelerate the computation speed and ensure a timely output of the reconfigured optimal control response.Ultimately,the presented reconfiguration scheme is applied to the level control of a benchmark four-tank plant to illustrate its effectiveness and main characteristics.

A Quarter Century of Work to Revolutionize Architecture, Engineering and Construction Enterprise Information Systems

More than two decades ago, object-oriented representation of AEC （architecture engineering and construction） projects started to offer the promise of seamless communication of semantic data models between computer-based systems used from the design stage to the operation of the facilities. BIM （building information modelling） emerged and appeared as a means to store all relevant data generated during the life-cycle of the facilities. But this upstream view of the built environment, arising from the design and construction stages, extended to the downstream operations where building and industrial facilities appeared more and more as huge dynamic data producers and concentrators while being operated. This created new challenges leading to what is referred to as ISCs （intelligent and smart constructions）. The current state of the art is that final constructions still contain various and increasingly versatile control and service systems, which are hardly standardised, and not interconnected among themselves. Monitoring, maintenance and services are done by specialised companies, each responsible of different systems, which are relying on customised software and techniques to meet specific user needs and are based on monolithic applications that require manual configuration for specific uses, maintenance and support. We demonstrate in this paper that the early promises of integration across the actors and along the life-time of facilities have gone a long way but will only be delivered through enhanced standardisation of computerized models, representations, services and operations still not yet fully accomplished 25 years after work started.

New Design and Architecture of a Smart Tracker： Flexible and Scalable for PV and CSP Systems

This work proposes a new design and architecture of a flexible biaxial solar tracker. A new approach was adopted with the use of a two separated cards, the smart and power card in a scalable concept. This module allows a more saving of energy in comparison with the fixed systems for PV （photovoltaic） application and allows hire performances for CSP （concentrated solar power） systems. It provides a significant added value for higher power applications in comparison with the existing system. The developed sun tracking system is autonomous, flexible, scalable and low cost system.

Architecture Design for Internet-Based Control Systems

The Internet is playing an important role in information retrieval, and additionally industrial process manipulation. This paper describes an approach to writing requirements specifications for Internet-based control systems, from which architectures can be derived. The requirements specifications developed are described in terms of a functional model, which is then extended to form an information architecture. Distinct from the functional model, the information architecture provides an indication as to the architectural structure of subsequently developed Internet-based control systems. Three general control structures are generated from the analysis of an information architecture. An integrated-distributed architecture is derived as an ideal implementation, in which a control system is linked to the Internet at all levels of a control system hierarchy.

A Nationwide Evaluation of the State of Practice of Performance Measurements for Intelligent Transportation Systems

State departments of transportation’s (DOTs) decisions to invest resources to expand or implement intelligent transportation systems (ITS) programs or even retire existing infrastructure need to be based on performance evaluations. Nonetheless, an apparent gap exists between the need for ITS performance measurements and the actual implementation. The evidence available points to challenges in the ITS performance measurement processes. This paper evaluated the state of practice of performance measurement for ITS across the US and provided insights. A comprehensive literature review assessed the use of performance measures by DOTs for monitoring implemented ITS programs. Based on the gaps identified through the literature review, a nationwide qualitative survey was used to gather insights from key stakeholders on the subject matter and presented in this paper. From the data gathered, performance measurement of ITS is fairly integrated into ITS programs by DOTs, with most agencies considering the process beneficial. There, however, exist reasons that prevent agencies from measuring ITS performance to greater detail and quality. These include lack of data, fragmented or incomparable data formats, the complexity of the endeavor, lack of data scientists, and difficulty assigning responsibilities when inter-agency collaboration is required. Additionally, DOTs do not benchmark or compare their ITS performance with others for reasons that include lack of data, lack of guidance or best practices, and incomparable data formats. This paper is relevant as it provides insights expected to guide DOTs and other agencies in developing or reevaluating their ITS performance measurement processes.

基于5G多接入边缘计算的云化PLC系统架构设计与应用

随着工业控制系统对柔性化、扁平化的要求不断提升,以PLC为构建基础的传统工业控制网络在大规模接入、算力提升和部署灵活性方面均受到限制.针对这些问题,融合5G网络和边缘计算技术,设计了基于5G多接入边缘计算的云化PLC系统架构,阐述了该架构的运行机制和所涉及的关键技术;在此基础上,进行PLC系统的云化部署和调试,实现了工业现场、企业数据中心、5G网络和边缘网络的集成;最后,通过在某汽车制造公司产线改造过程中的应用,验证了所提架构的有效性.

Seismic Imaging and Reservoir Architecture of Sub-Marine Channel Systems Offshore West Nile Delta of Egypt

Offshore Nile Delta gas reservoirs are dominated by slope-channel systems of Plio-Pleistocene age. High-quality, three-dimensional seismic imaging has significantly helped in defining the geomorphology and architectures of these channels. Integrating seismic, logs and core data from four wells resulted in understanding of different stages of channel development and reservoir quality. The studied reservoirs that are largely controlled by episodes of transgressive-regressive events resulted in deposition of fine grained sediment and shale. Sienna channel complex consists of unconfined channel system with clearly defined development stages. The stages include amalgamated or stacked channels followed by channel abandonment phases and local flooding events. The depositional pattern continued through the Late Pliocene-Pleistocene. SimSat-P1 and SimSat-P2 reservoirs are characterized by isolated sand bodies, most probably relics of fan depositional setting. The depositional scenario that is largely controlled by successive transgression and flooding events resulted in deposition of interbedded, sheet-like, fine grained sediment and shale.

图计算体系结构和系统软件关键技术综述

图计算作为分析事物之间关联关系的重要工具,近年来已成为各国政府及公司争夺的关键技术.学术界和工业界在图计算体系结构和系统软件关键技术方面取得了一定进展.然而,现实场景图计算大多具有动态变化、应用需求复杂多样等特征.这给图计算在基础理论、体系架构和系统软件关键技术方面提出了新的需求,同时也带来了新的挑战.为应对这些挑战,科研人员提出了一系列图计算系统或图计算加速器,通过高性能计算、并行计算等技术来优化图计算过程.综述国内外图计算体系结构和系统软件关键技术的研究发展现状,对国内外研究的最新进展进行归纳、比较和分析,并结合国家发展战略和重大应用需求,选取与我国国计民生密切相关的领域,从典型应用分析总结图计算相关技术的行业进展.最后,就未来的技术挑战和研究方向进行展望.

中国露天煤矿70年成就回顾及高质量发展架构体系

露天煤矿作为我国煤炭工业的重要组成部分,具有生产能力大、开采成本低、安全条件好等优势,近年来在建设规模、生产总量、开采工艺及技术装备等多方面均取得了跨越式的发展,有力保障了煤炭作为国家能源安全稳定供应的“压舱石”地位。首先回顾了新中国成立后我国露天煤矿70年来的发展历程,将其划分为起步恢复阶段(1949—1979年)、快速发展阶段(1980—1999年)、综合发展阶段(2000—2020年)和智能化初级发展阶段(2021年以后)4个时期;系统总结了每个时期的产量与数量规模、开采理论与技术、开采工艺与装备、资源开发与环境保护方面取得的突出成就。然后,探讨了现阶段露天煤矿发展面临的4个方面的主要问题,包括发展布局不均衡、可持续发展面临瓶颈、关键技术难题需深入攻关、人才短缺培养机制不完善。最后,提出构建以“安全、高效、绿色、低碳、智能”为总体目标的全链条、全周期、全要素露天煤矿高质量发展架构体系,其内涵特征包括以时效边坡理论、开采扰动指数理论、绿色开采理论、生态型开采理论、零碳负碳开采理论、智能化开采理论6种学术思想为理论基础,以灾害安全监测防控、复杂条件协同保障、生态源头减损开采、节能减污清洁利用、数字-自动-智能同建5类技术体系为核心支撑,以透明地质模型动态重构、边坡蠕滑全程精准预测、深大孔低扰动控制爆破、采空区超前探测与处置、粉尘抑制及煤自燃防治等30项关键技术为重点突破,以设计理念先进化、安全保障标准化、建设规模大型化、生产工艺综合化、开采装备智能化、核心制造国产化、矿区生态绿色化、煤炭利用清洁化、组织管理科学化、人才队伍国际化的“十化型”露天矿山为建设任务;同时给出了以规划引领为基础,以科技创新为驱动,以人才培育为保障的露天煤矿高质量发展实现路径。最终为推动我国露天煤矿向持续健康高质量方向发展提供指导。

数字化转型背景下校园卡数据治理研究与实践

教育数字化转型是贯彻落实科教兴国、人才强国、创新驱动发展的重要先手棋,数据是高校推进数字化转型的关键要素与重要战略资源,如何充分且有效地利用数据资源推进业务模式创新,营造数字化、智能化、个性化的教育教学环境已成为高校数字化转型建设上的一项必答题。作为高校信息化建设的基础工程,校园卡系统处在数据治理与业务融合创新的最前沿,并发挥重要作用。为提升数据治理效能,坚持问题导向,梳理数据治理整体思路,设计实现包含数据标准体系、基础支撑体系和组织保障体系的校园卡数据治理体系框架。在此框架基础上,以“应用为王、服务至上、简洁高效、安全运行”的工作要求和原则为指导,以创新应用与服务需求为驱动,加强统筹谋划,做好校园卡数据治理顶层设计,将数据作为业务化基础支撑,为推进校园卡业务智能化进程提供标准化数据服务,助推基于校园卡系统的高校校园生活服务大平台的数字化转型。

干旱胁迫对彩菊切花幼苗根系构型和生理活性的影响

以6个品种彩菊切花幼苗为试材,通过盆栽和人工浇灌20 mmol·L^(-1)浓度PEG 6000模拟干旱胁迫处理,探究彩菊切花在干旱胁迫第5、10、15、20天时根系构型和生理指标变化,选出抗旱性强、适应宁夏地区大面积推广与种植的优良彩菊切花品种,以期为西部干旱地区菊花品种的推广提供参考依据。结果表明:随着干旱胁迫的持续,彩菊切花的根系总长度、根系总表面积、根系总体积与总根系指标的关联程度较大。除根系总体积外,根系平均直径与其他根系指标不存在相关性。与正常浇水相比,不同品种彩菊切花的叶片相对含水量和叶绿素含量不断下降,相对电导率和可溶性蛋白质含量升高,丙二醛和可溶性糖含量先上升后下降,过氧化物酶活性呈先下降后上升趋势,超氧化物歧化酶活性呈先上升再下降最后上升的趋势。

中国风景园林理论体系建设回顾与展望

【目的】梳理20世纪80年代以来中国风景园林理论体系研究的内容及发展脉络,综合评析风景园林理论体系建设的发展水平,以期为进一步推动风景园林理论体系建设提供思路,从而促进学科理论、方法和技术的发展。【方法】从理论体系建构的不同视角或维度出发,归纳、比较和反思中国风景园林理论体系建设的途径、思路和方法,发掘看待风景园林理论与实践相关现象的不同方式。【结果】辨别和剖析了传统体系、设计体系、空间体系、知识体系、学科体系5种理论体系的异同与关联,以及对学科理论发展的影响和作用,并剖析了学科理论发展过程中存在的诸多问题。【结论】理论体系的建构能够促进对学科内在和外在关系的思考,可视为中国风景园林学科与专业理论发展的结晶,借此把握学科理论的发展动向,并以开放式的答案与认知面对当前的困境。