矿尘防治措施效果评价统计分析方法及其应用

针对矿井防尘措施效果评价问题,介绍了2个关键技术:一是矿尘样本离群值的判断和处理技术,主要介绍了格拉布斯检验法判断和处理离群值;二是防尘措施前后2个独立样本均值比较统计分析方法,主要介绍了样本方差的齐性检验技术、以及样本均值的t检验和近似t检验方法(t'检验)。最后,以淮北桃园矿Ⅱ1024里机巷综掘工作面润湿捕尘剂防尘效果为例,说明了统计分析方法的应用。

Statistic Morphology Difference between Male and Female Individuals of Paramisgurnus dabryanus Sauvage

[Objective] The aim was to compare the morphology difference between male and female individuals of Paramisgurnus dabryanus Sauvage. [Method] The comparison of 10 morphological characteristics between male and female individuals of P. dabryanus was conducted with principal component analysis and t-test methods. [Result] The results of t-test indicated that three of 10 morphological characteristics showed extremely significant difference（P0.01）and one of 10 morphological characteristics was significantly different（P0.05）. Principal component analysis revealed four principal components,the contribution rate of which was 31.151%,18.844%,12.324% and 10.169%,respectively. The cumulative contribution rate had reached 72.487%. The morphological variations between male and female individuals were not significant,which was consistent with that of t-test. [Conclusion] The result in this study had provided theoretical basis for the breeding of P. dabryanus.

医生小词典——两组或多组计量资料的比较

两组资料：（1）大样本资料或服从正态分布的小样本资料；（2）若方差齐性，则做成组 t 检验；（3）若方差不齐，则做 t＇检验或用成组的Wilcoxon 秩和检验；（4）小样本偏态分布资料，则用成组的 Wilcoxon 秩和检验。多组资料：（1）若大样本资料或服从正态分布，并且方差齐性，则做完全随机的方差分析。如果方差分析的统计检验为有统计学意义，则进一步做统计分析，即选择合适的方法（如LSD检验、Bonferroni检验等）进行两两比较。（2）若小样本的偏态分布资料或方差不齐，则做Kruskai Wallis统计检验。如果Kruskal Wallis统计检验为有统计学意义，则进一步做统计分析，即选择台适的方法（如成组的Wilcoxon秩和检验，应用Bonferroni方法校正P值等）进行两两比较。

Effects of flashing green on driver's stop/go decision at signalized intersection

The primary objective of this work is to explore how drivers react to flashing green at signalized intersections. Through video taping and data procession based on photogrammetry, the operating speeds of vehicles before and after the moment when flashing green started was compared using paired-samples T-test. The critical distances between go and stop decisions was defined through cumulative percentage curve. The boundary of dilemma zone was determined by comparing stop distance and travel distance.Amber-running violation was analyzed on the basis of the travel time to the stop line. And finally, a logistic model for stop and go decisions was constructed. The results shows that the stopping ratios of the first vehicles of west-bound and east-bound approaches are 41.3% and 39.8%, respectively; the amber-light running violation ratios of two approaches are 31.6% and 25.4%, respectively;the operating speed growth ratios of first vehicles selecting to cross intersection after the moment when flashing green started are26.7% and 17.7%, respectively; and the critical distances are 48 m and 46 m, respectively, which are close to 44 m, the boundary of dilemma zone. The developed decision models demonstrate that the probability of go decision is higher when the distance from the stop line is shorter or operating speed is higher. This indicates that flashing green is an effective way to enhance intersection safety,but it should work together with a strict enforcement. In addition, traffic signs near critical distance and reasonable speed limitation are also beneficial to the safety of intersections.

Diagnosis of uremia patients based on color space

Since traditional nail diagnosis is susceptible to objective factors such as illumination,medical experience,etc.,a nail diagnosis system of traditional Chinese medicine which combines objective nail image acquisition with information analysis is proposed and applied to the clinical research of nail diagnosis of uremia patients.Fifteen nail pictures of uremic patients were collected and segmented.The color information of nails was extracted.The relationship between the hemoglobin values of uremic patients and the values of color space before and after maintenance hemodialysis was analyzed by correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis.The experimental results show that the hemoglobin value of uremic patients have certain correlations with multiple color channels;before and after dialysis,there are significant changes in multiple channels;and the related multiple regression equation is established.

Livelihood Factors and Household Strategies for an Unexpected Climate Event in Upland Northern Laos

Climate events pose major challenges to food production and the livelihoods of rural inhabitants in northern Laos, where upland rice using swidden production is an important crop. The onset of the rainy season in this area is one such climate event, and it has occurred earlier and with less regularity in recent years. Not all households are able to cope with these changes. This study examines the ability of local farmers to cope with rice insufficiency. This investigation also clarifies household strategies in dealing with the climate event. We randomly interviewed 63 of 95 household heads, and performed a paired sample t test to examine the significance of differences in three household groups between the 2010 normal climate and the 2011 climate event. The groups were categorized according to rice selfsufficiency in 2011: groups I are households with rice self-sufficiency, group II are those facing a rice shortage of up to 3 months, and group III are those with insufficient rice for over 3 months. We also conducted a one-way ANOVA to examine the significance of differences in livelihood strategies among the three groups. We found that the household labor force was the most important factor in enhancing the villagers' ability to deal with the climate event and that the level of impact of that event shaped their coping strategies. Households with substantial labor force had more options for coping strategies than those with smaller ones. The villagers faced different levels of impact and adopted differentcoping strategies accordingly. Non-timber forest product collection was the principle livelihood strategy in response to non-climate factors such as education, access to health services, provision of equipment and clothing, and overcoming the impact of the climate event. Households heavily affected by the early rainy season onset tended to engage in intensive activities such as off-farm activity and outside work, rather than their major livelihood activities in the village(upland crop and livestock production).

Application of CT perfusion imaging in detection of tumor angiogenesis in osteosarcoma

Objective： The aim of the study was to explore the application of 64-slice spiral computed tomography perfusion imaging （CTPI） in evaluating angiogenesis in human osteosarcoma. Methods： Twenty-six patients （18 males and 8 females ranging from 9 to 56 years old, with an average of 19 years） with osteosarcoma underwent 64-slice spiral CTPI. We analyzed the correlations of CTPI parameters including blood flow （BF）, blood volume （BV）, time to peak （TTP）, and permeability surface （PS） with the expression of markers of angiogenesis. Statistical analysis was performed with paired-samples t test, and Pearson correlation analysis was employed to investigate the correlations of CTPI parameters with microvessel density （MVD）. Results： Mean BF, BV, TTP, and PS values of osteosarcoma group were （46.6 ± 25.1） mL/100 g/min, （61.8 ± 29.5） mL/100 g, （122.9 ± 26.2） seconds, and （44.5 ± 14.6） mL/100 g/min, respectively. Those in the normal muscle group were （5.2 ± 6.6） mL/100 g/min, （9.6 ± 7.3） mL/100 g, （115.5 ± 33.1） seconds and （17.0 ± 29.3） mL/100 g/min, respectively. Osteosarcoma group showed higher BF, BV and PS compared with the normal muscle group （P = 0.000, P = 0.000, and P = 0.000, respectively）. However, no significant difference was found in TTP between osteosarcoma tissue and normal adjacent muscle tissue （P = 0.273）. BF, BV, and PS were positively correlated with MVD （r = 0.83, P = 0.000; r = 0.87, P = 0.000; and r = 0.63, P = 0.001, respectively）. No correlation was found between TTP and MVD （r = –0.02, P = 0.93）. Conclusion： CTPI is useful for assessing tumor vascularity of osteosarcoma and CTPI parameters are positively correlated with MVD.

A Conceptually-Based Empirical Analysis on Quality Differences Between UK Annual Reports and US 10-K Reports

The International Accounting Standards Board （IASB） and the Financial Accounting Standards Board （FASB） stress the importance of high-quality ＇financial reports. From a scientific point of view, however, major methodological drawbacks can arise when trying to arrive at a comprehensive assessment and evaluation of the decision usefulness of financial reports. In this conceptually-based exploratory study, the authors construct a 33-item index aimed at operationalizing decision usefulness in terms of the fundamental and enhancing qualitative characteristics laid out in the conceptual framework （CF） of the IASB （2010）. Using a matched-pairs sample design, which includes 70 UK annual reports and 70 US 10-K reports for 2010, the results of test-retest and inter-rater reliability tests show that these multiple items, which were based on items used in previous research, can be measured in a reliable manner. At the same time, the results of an exploratory factor analysis indicate that the IASB qualitative characteristics cannot be measured separately when the 33-item index is applied. At an aggregate level, the results of paired-sample t-tests reveal that UK reports score on average higher than US 10-K reports, which suggests that the overall quality of UK reports is better. The findings of this study add to the existing literature on the empirical evaluation of the effects of international accounting standards, showing that, as compared with 10-K reports, UK annual reports provide more information on topics such as corporate social responsibility （CSR）, corporate governance, and annual bonus schemes. On the other hand, US reports outperform UK reports with respect to the content of fair value information, cash flow statements, off-balance financing, and audit reporting.

Employee Downsizing of the Banking Sector in Portugal： A Case Study

Downsizing as a systematic reduction of employees is frequently utilized in order to increase productivity, efficiency, profitability, and competitiveness of firms. As a strategy of choice for many firms around the world, downsizing produces far-reaching financial, organizational, and social consequences. Despite the large body of literature, there is inconclusive evidence as to whether downsizing is effective and whether it generates the widely anticipated financial benefits. An in-depth review of the literature suggests that most downsized organizations have failed to yield economic benefits. This case study examined whether Portugal＇s eight largest banks realized their financial objectives upon the execution of downsizing activities during their recent 2008-2010 endeavors. Financial performance was measured through employee efficiency, profitability, and asset quality. Six hypotheses were defined using six different financial ratios which were deemed as integral tools for measuring financial performance of deposit-accepting banks. The secondary data were analyzed within a defined framework of two distinct phases： pre- and post-downsizing phases. A key statistical tool, the paired sample t-test, was applied to determine whether there were statistically significant differences in the ratios between the two timeframes. The analysis demonstrated that there were statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-downsizing ratios of loans per employee and deposits per employee. In contrast, no statistically significant difference was found in return on assets （ROA）, return on equity （ROE）, loans to assets, and non-performing loans to loans ratios. On the basis of this analysis, the study has concluded that downsized large Portuguese banks have largely failed to achieve their projected financial objectives.

The Use of Cognate Words and Interlingual Homographs to Investigate the Cross-Linguistics in Second Language Processing in Iran

Various investigations have shown that the native language impacts foreign word recognition and this influence is adapted by the dexterity in the normative language. Cognates, words which area like beyond two or additional languages in some fields signify an attention-grabbing, illuminating, and crucial facet of foreign or second language learning and research. Forty-five （males and females） participants have been randomly chosen and participated in the experiment in Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran, in 2014-2015 school year. The participants＇ age was between from 18 to 28, with a mean age of 21.5 years. The materials were divided into two groups which include 30 true cognates and 30 false cognates words from 300 words by doing CVR （content validity ratio） and CVI （content validity index） （Lawshe＇s table with index of 88% and 82% respectively） for being reliable and valid. These words have been taught to them, after a week, a test has been prepared about those words. According to the results of T-test for comparing the average marks of learning in every two groups can be said that there is a meaningful difference between the scores. The results show that the students learned true cognate words better than the false cognate words. The results of this investigation conjointly make sure the expectations that cognate-based instruction can absolutely impact in second language acquisition.

Discussions about the differences and credibility on grape wine scoring

The scores of grape wine given by wine critics have differences, therefore, for which its credibility differs. Firstly, our paper analysis differences of overall and individual for the two groups of raters. The analysis method is： first check the score whether meets the normal distribution or not by Chi-square and then test whether the mean of the two group＇s ratings is equal or not, through t-test, to illustrate the differences of the two groups＇ ratings. Secondly this paper respectively characterizes the credibility of each group＇s rating with the variance and gray correlation. Both the results are highly consistent on the credibility, so they can support each other. This score comparison method can be further extended to a similar scoring system.

SME share transfer system financing Efficiency Analysis

SME share transfer system financing has become the main theme of a new three-panel market.The efficiency of the new board of corporate finance and has become the core focus, more controversial aspects.SMEs in SME share transfer system market mainly private placement financing, equity financing pledge, and Transfer of Listing and mergers and acquisitions.This paper will be discussed by comparing the SMEs through SME share transfer system market financing, the use of a single sample T-test （One-Sample T Test） to verify the efficiency of the new board of corporate finance assets problem.

A STUDY ON ASYNCHRONOUS LISTENING INSTRUCTION IN THE EFL CONTEXT

本研究主要关注的是,在以英语为外语的环境下如何进行听力教学。与以往的研究不同,本研究强调了在现代教育技术支持下的自下而上的训练。本文提出了听力异步教学的概念,并通过实证研究证明:学生们普遍欢迎听力异步教学模式;在EFL环境中,听力异步教学模式具有一定的有效性。

Peridural Injection of Mailuoning Compound Liquor for Treatment of Prolapse of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc in 100 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects of peridural injection of Mailuoning Compound Liquor (脉络宁复合液) for prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc (PLID). Methods: Peridural injection of Mailuoning Compound Liquor (MCL) was given to 100 cases of PLID, once a week, 4 sessions constituting a therapeutic course. By adopting the scoring method, observations were carried out on the total therapeutic effect and changes in the 13 items of the symptoms and signs. Results: After treatment, the JOA scores in this series of patients were markedly enhanced as compared with the scores before treatment, showing significant differences in the paired t test (P<0.05). The sum of the excellent and good rates was 64%, and the total effective rate was 97%. All the scores in the 13 items under observation were significantly raised as compared with the scores before treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion: Peridural injection of MCL is an effective and safe therapy for PLID, and with shorter treating course, quicker therapeutic effects, and less suffering for the patients.

Effect of mild head injury on intelligence in Zahedan, Iran

Objective： To investigate the effects of mild head injury （HI） on the victims＇ intelligence by measuring their intelligence quotient （IQ）.Methods： This cohort study was performed in Khatamol-Anbia Hospital, Zahedan, Iran and the IQs of 30 mild HI patients were measured right after the injury （IQ0） and six months later （IQ6）. The IQs of 90 close relatives of the patients were also measured at the same period of time as the non-exposure group. The IQs were measured with Wechsler adult intelligence scale-revised （WAIS-R）. The IQ0, IQ6 and their differences （IQ change） were compared in HI patients and their relatives using the Student＇s t test.Results： The mean IQ0 of the HI patients was similar to their relatives. The IQ6 of HI patients appeared to be less than those of their relatives. Moreover, the IQ6 of the HI patients appeared to be less than their initial scores. HI was associated with more decrease in IQ6 compared with IQ0and the female subjects showed more decrease in IQ6 compared with their IQ0.Conclusion： HI seems to be associated with decrease in IQ six months after the injury and it is more evident in female HI patients.