Background:Our previous study found that mouse embryonic neural stem cell(NSC)-derived exosomes(EXOs)regulated NSC differentiation via the miR-9/Hes1 axis.However,the effects of EXOs on brain microvascular endothelial...Background:Our previous study found that mouse embryonic neural stem cell(NSC)-derived exosomes(EXOs)regulated NSC differentiation via the miR-9/Hes1 axis.However,the effects of EXOs on brain microvascular endothelial cell(BMEC)dysfunction via the miR-9/Hes1 axis remain unknown.Therefore,the current study aimed to determine the effects of EXOs on BMEC proliferation,migration,and death via the miR-9/Hes1 axis.Methods:Immunofluorescence,quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,cell counting kit-8 assay,wound healing assay,calcein-acetoxymethyl/propidium iodide staining,and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to determine the role and mechanism of EXOs on BMECs.Results:EXOs promoted BMEC proliferation and migration and reduced cell death under hypoxic conditions.The overexpression of miR-9 promoted BMEC prolifera-tion and migration and reduced cell death under hypoxic conditions.Moreover,miR-9 downregulation inhibited BMEC proliferation and migration and also promoted cell death.Hes1 silencing ameliorated the effect of amtagomiR-9 on BMEC proliferation and migration and cell death.Hyperemic structures were observed in the regions of the hippocampus and cortex in hypoxia-induced mice.Meanwhile,EXO treatment improved cerebrovascular alterations.Conclusion:NSC-derived EXOs can promote BMEC proliferation and migra-tion and reduce cell death via the miR-9/Hes1 axis under hypoxic conditions.Therefore,EXO therapeutic strategies could be considered for hypoxia-induced vascular injury.展开更多
We previously reported that miR-124-3p is markedly upregulated in microglia-derived exosomes following repetitive mild traumatic brain injury.However,its impact on neuronal endoplasmic reticulum stress following repet...We previously reported that miR-124-3p is markedly upregulated in microglia-derived exosomes following repetitive mild traumatic brain injury.However,its impact on neuronal endoplasmic reticulum stress following repetitive mild traumatic brain injury remains unclear.In this study,we first used an HT22 scratch injury model to mimic traumatic brain injury,then co-cultured the HT22 cells with BV2 microglia expressing high levels of miR-124-3p.We found that exosomes containing high levels of miR-124-3p attenuated apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress.Furthermore,luciferase reporter assay analysis confirmed that miR-124-3p bound specifically to the endoplasmic reticulum stress-related protein IRE1α,while an IRE1αfunctional salvage experiment confirmed that miR-124-3p targeted IRE1αand reduced its expression,thereby inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in injured neurons.Finally,we delivered microglia-derived exosomes containing miR-124-3p intranasally to a mouse model of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury and found that endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis levels in hippocampal neurons were significantly reduced.These findings suggest that,after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury,miR-124-3 can be transferred from microglia-derived exosomes to injured neurons,where it exerts a neuroprotective effect by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress.Therefore,microglia-derived exosomes containing miR-124-3p may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for repetitive mild traumatic brain injury.展开更多
Natural exosomes can express specific proteins and carbohydratemolecules on the surface and hence have demonstrated the great potentials for gene therapy of cancer.However,the use of natural exosomes is restricted by ...Natural exosomes can express specific proteins and carbohydratemolecules on the surface and hence have demonstrated the great potentials for gene therapy of cancer.However,the use of natural exosomes is restricted by their low transfection efficiency.Here,we report a novel targeting tLyp-1 exosome by gene recombinant engineering for delivery of siRNA to cancer and cancer stem cells.To reach such a purpose,the engineered tLyp-1-lamp2b plasmids were constructed and amplified in Escherichia coli.The tLyp-1-lamp2b plasmids were further used to transfect HEK293T tool cells and the targeting tLyp-1 exosomes were isolated from secretion of the transfected HEK293T cells.Afterwards,the artificially synthesized siRNA was encapsulated into targeting tLyp-1 exosomes by electroporation technology.Finally,the targeting siRNA tLyp-1 exosomes were used to transfect cancer or cancer stem cells.Results showed that the engineered targeting tLyp-1 exosomes had a nanosized structure(approximately 100 nm)and high transfection efficiency into lung cancer and cancer stem cells.The function verifications demonstrated that the targeting siRNA tLyp-1 exosomes were able to knock-down the target gene of cancer cells and to reduce the stemness of cancer stem cells.In conclusion,the targeting tLyp-1 exosomes are successfully engineered,and can be used for gene therapy with a high transfection efficiency.Therefore,the engineered targeting tLyp-1 exosomes offer a promising gene delivery platform for future cancer therapy.展开更多
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease.We previously showed that neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles improved mitochondrial function in the cortex of AP P/PS1 mice.Because Alzheime...Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease.We previously showed that neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles improved mitochondrial function in the cortex of AP P/PS1 mice.Because Alzheimer’s disease affects the entire brain,further research is needed to elucidate alterations in mitochondrial metabolism in the brain as a whole.Here,we investigated the expression of several important mitochondrial biogenesis-related cytokines in multiple brain regions after treatment with neural stem cell-derived exosomes and used a combination of whole brain clearing,immunostaining,and lightsheet imaging to clarify their spatial distribution.Additionally,to clarify whether the sirtuin 1(SIRT1)-related pathway plays a regulatory role in neural stem cell-de rived exosomes interfering with mitochondrial functional changes,we generated a novel nervous system-SIRT1 conditional knoc kout AP P/PS1mouse model.Our findings demonstrate that neural stem cell-de rived exosomes significantly increase SIRT1 levels,enhance the production of mitochondrial biogenesis-related fa ctors,and inhibit astrocyte activation,but do not suppress amyloid-βproduction.Thus,neural stem cell-derived exosomes may be a useful therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer’s disease that activates the SIRT1-PGC1αsignaling pathway and increases NRF1 and COXIV synthesis to improve mitochondrial biogenesis.In addition,we showed that the spatial distribution of mitochondrial biogenesis-related factors is disrupted in Alzheimer’s disease,and that neural stem cell-derived exosome treatment can reverse this effect,indicating that neural stem cell-derived exosomes promote mitochondrial biogenesis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Wound healing impairment is a dysfunction induced by hyperglycemia and its effect on endothelial precursor cells(EPCs)in type 2 diabetes mellitus.There is increasing evidence showing that exosomes(Exos)deri...BACKGROUND Wound healing impairment is a dysfunction induced by hyperglycemia and its effect on endothelial precursor cells(EPCs)in type 2 diabetes mellitus.There is increasing evidence showing that exosomes(Exos)derived from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells(ADSCs)exhibit the potential to improve endothelial cell function along with wound healing.However,the potential therapeutic mechanism by which ADSC Exos contribute to wound healing in diabetic mice remains unclear.AIM To reveal the potential therapeutic mechanism of ADSC Exos in wound healing in diabetic mice.METHODS Exos from ADSCs and fibroblasts were used for high-throughput RNA sequencing(RNA-Seq).ADSC-Exo-mediated healing of full-thickness skin wounds in a diabetic mouse model was investigated.We employed EPCs to investigate the therapeutic function of Exos in cell damage and dysfunction caused by high glucose(HG).We utilized a luciferase reporter(LR)assay to analyze interactions among circular RNA astrotactin 1(circ-Astn1),sirtuin(SIRT)and miR-138-5p.A diabetic mouse model was used to verify the therapeutic effect of circ-Astn1 on Exo-mediated wound healing.RESULTS High-throughput RNA-Seq analysis showed that circ-Astn1 expression was increased in ADSC Exos compared with Exos from fibroblasts.Exos containing high concentrations of circ-Astn1 had enhanced therapeutic effects in restoring EPC function under HG conditions by promoting SIRT1 expression.Circ-Astn1 expression enhanced SIRT1 expression through miR-138-5p adsorption,which was validated by the LR assay along with bioinformatics analyses.Exos containing high concentrations of circ-Astn1 had better therapeutic effects on wound healing in vivo compared to wild-type ADSC Exos.Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical investigations suggested that circ-Astn1 enhanced angiopoiesis through Exo treatment of wounded skin as well as by suppressing apoptosis through promotion of SIRT1 and decreased forkhead box O1 expression.CONCLUSION Circ-Astn1 promotes the therapeutic effect of ADSC-Exos and thus improves wound healing in diabetes via miR-138-5p absorption and SIRT1 upregulation.Based on our data,we advocate targeting the circ-Astn1/miR-138-5p/SIRT1 axis as a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of diabetic ulcers.展开更多
There are various clinical treatments for traumatic brain injury,including surgery,drug therapy,and rehabilitation therapy;howeve r,the therapeutic effects are limited.Scaffolds combined with exosomes represent a prom...There are various clinical treatments for traumatic brain injury,including surgery,drug therapy,and rehabilitation therapy;howeve r,the therapeutic effects are limited.Scaffolds combined with exosomes represent a promising but challenging method for improving the repair of traumatic brain injury.In this study,we determined the ability of a novel 3D-printed collagen/chitosan scaffold loaded with exosomes derived from neural stem cells pretreated with insulin-like growth factor-1(3D-CC-INEXOS) to improve traumatic brain injury repair and functional recove ry after traumatic brain injury in rats.Composite scaffolds comprising collagen,chitosan,and exosomes derived from neural stem cells pretreated with insulin-like growth fa ctor-1(INEXOS) continuously released exosomes for 2weeks.Transplantation of 3D-CC-INExos scaffolds significantly improved motor and cognitive functions in a rat traumatic brain injury model,as assessed by the Morris water maze test and modified neurological seve rity scores.In addition,immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy showed that3D-CC-INExos implantation significantly improved the recove ry of damaged nerve tissue in the injured area.In conclusion,this study suggests that transplanted3D-CC-INExos scaffolds might provide a potential strategy for the treatment of traumatic brain injury and lay a solid foundation for clinical translation.展开更多
LncRNA(long non-coding RNA) H19 is a transcript of the H19 gene that is expressed during embryogenesis.We previously discove red a role for circular lncRNA H19 in the onset and prognosis of cerebral ischemic stroke.In...LncRNA(long non-coding RNA) H19 is a transcript of the H19 gene that is expressed during embryogenesis.We previously discove red a role for circular lncRNA H19 in the onset and prognosis of cerebral ischemic stroke.In this study,we used serum from patients with ischemic stroke,and mouse and cell culture models to elucidate the roles of plasma and neuronal exosomes in the regulatory effect of lncRNA H19 on insulin-like growth factor-1 and its mechanism in ischemic stroke,using western blotting,quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.Plasma exosomal IncRNA H19 was negatively associated with blood levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 in samples from patients with cerebral ischemic stroke.In a mouse model,levels of exosomal IncRNA H19 were positively correlated with plasma and cerebral lncRNA H19.In a cell co-culture model,we confirmed that IncRNA H19 was transported from neuro ns to astrocytes by exosomes to induce downregulation of insulin-like growth factor-1 through the H19/let-7 a/insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor axis.This study provides the first evidence for the transpo rtation of IncRNA H19 by exosomes and the relationship between IncRNA H19 and insulinlike growth factor-1.展开更多
Treadmill exercise and mesenchymal stem cell transplantation are both practical and effective methods for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.However,whether there is a synergistic effect between the two remains unclea...Treadmill exercise and mesenchymal stem cell transplantation are both practical and effective methods for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.However,whether there is a synergistic effect between the two remains unclear.In this study,we established rat models of ischemia/reperfusion injury by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 2 hours and reperfusion for 24 hours.Rat models were perfused with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(MSC-exos)via the tail vein and underwent 14 successive days of treadmill exercise.Neurological assessment,histopathology,and immunohistochemistry results revealed decreased neuronal apoptosis and cerebral infarct volume,evident synaptic formation and axonal regeneration,and remarkably recovered neurological function in rats subjected to treadmill exercise and MSC-exos treatment.These effects were superior to those in rats subjected to treadmill exercise or MSC-exos treatment alone.Mechanistically,further investigation revealed that the activation of JNK1/c-Jun signaling pathways regulated neuronal apoptosis and synaptic-axonal remodeling.These findings suggest that treadmill exercise may exhibit a synergistic effect with MSC-exos treatment,which may be related to activation of the JNK1/c-Jun signaling pathway.This study provides novel theoretical evidence for the clinical application of treadmill exercise combined with MSC-exos treatment for ischemic cerebrovascular disease.展开更多
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)exert anti-oncogenic effects via exosomes containing non-coding RNA(ncRNA),which play important roles in tumor biology.Our preliminary study identified the interaction of the ncR...BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)exert anti-oncogenic effects via exosomes containing non-coding RNA(ncRNA),which play important roles in tumor biology.Our preliminary study identified the interaction of the ncRNA hsa_-circ_0000563(circ563)and the circ563-associated miR-148a-3p in exosomes,as miR-148a-3p and its target metal-regulatory transcription factor-1(MTF-1)are implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)progression.AIM To identify the clinical significance,functional implications,and mechanisms of circ563 in HCC.METHODS The expression levels of miR-148a-3p and MTF-1 in exosomes derived from MSC and HCC cells were compared,and their effects on HCC cells were assessed.Using a dual-luciferase reporter assay,miR-148a-3p was identified as an associated microRNA of circ563,whose role in HCC regulation was assessed in vitro and in vivo.RESULTS The silencing of circ563 blocked the HCC cell proliferation and invasion and induced apoptosis.Co-culturing of HCC cells with MSC-derived exosomes following circ563 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and metastasis and elicited changes in miR-148a-3p and MTF-1 expression.The tumor-promoting effects of circ563 were partially suppressed by miR-148a-3p overexpression or MTF-1 depletion.Xenograft experiments performed in nude mice confirmed that circ563-enriched exosomes facilitated tumor growth by upregulating the expression of MTF-1.In HCC tissues,circ563 expression was negatively correlated with miR-148a-3p expression but positively correlated with MTF-1 levels.CONCLUSION MSCs may exhibit anti-HCC activity through the exosomal circ563/miR-148a-3p/MTF-1 pathway,while exosomes can transmit circ563 to promote oncogenic behavior by competitively binding to miR-148a-3p to activate MTF-1.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effect of exosomes secreted by decidual macrophages on trophoblast cells and their molecular mechanism.Methods:The decidual tissues of patients with preeclampsia(PE)and normal-term pregnan...Objective:To investigate the effect of exosomes secreted by decidual macrophages on trophoblast cells and their molecular mechanism.Methods:The decidual tissues of patients with preeclampsia(PE)and normal-term pregnant women were collected.Macrophages were obtained by the density gradient method and then flow cell sorting,then the exosomes were extracted.The structure of the exosomes was observed by transmission electron microscope.The expression of CD63,a marker protein of the exocrine body,was detected by western blot,and the exosomes were identified.CCK-8 was used to detect the effect of exosomes on trophoblast cell viability.Transwell migration experiment was used to detect the influence on migration ability.The expression of miR-146a-5p in exosomes was detected by qPCR.The effect of exosomes on the expression of HIF1αprotein in trophoblasts was detected by western blot and detection of the binding site between miR-146a-5p and HIF1αby double luciferase reporter gene was conducted.Results:The exosomes of macrophages present a"cake"structure with a middle depression about 30-130 nm in diameter,and CD63 is highly expressed,which conforms to the characteristics of exosomes.Compared with the normal group,the exosomes of decidual macrophages in the PE group inhibited the activity and migration of trophoblast cells(P<0.001).The expression of miR-146a-5p in the exosomes of decidual macrophages in the PE decreased significantly,and after exosomes of PE decidual macrophages treating trophoblast cells,the protein expression of HIF1αin trophoblast cells was significantly increased.There are targeted binding sites between miR-146a-5p and HIF1α.Conclusion:PE decidual macrophage exosomes can inhibit the viability and migration of trophoblast cells,which may be related to the decreased expression of miR-146a-5p in exosomes,thus promoting HIF1αprotein expression of trophoblast cells.展开更多
Objective:Adopting mass spectrometry to analyze the protein spectrum of the exosomes in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and screening the target membrane protein in order to analyze the relationship between its g...Objective:Adopting mass spectrometry to analyze the protein spectrum of the exosomes in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and screening the target membrane protein in order to analyze the relationship between its gene expression level and prognosis.Methods:The exosomes of hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2 and 7721 were isolated by ultracentrifugation,and the extracted exosomes were verified by transmission electron microscope, western blotting,and nanosight.The relative quantitative proteomics analysis was used to analyze the protein spectrum of HepG2 and 7721 cells in exosomes.The bioinformatics was used to collect the signal pathway,and the target protein AP2M1 was verified by qRTPCR.Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis(GEPIA),OncoLnc,and The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database were used to analyze the expression level of AP2M1 and the survival rate of patients with liver cancer.Results:The extracellular exosomes of HepG2 and 7721 cells were isolated by ultracentrifugation.High-purity exosomes were obtained and verified by transmission electron microscopy,western blotting,and nanosight.There were 836 proteins co-expressed by the exosomes of HepG2 and 7721.By the analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway,a total of 34 pathways that were related to liver cancer were collected,and the target membrane protein AP2M1 was screened.AP2M1 highly expressed in HepG2 cells,HepG2 and Huh7 cells' exosomes were detected by qRT-PCR(P<0.05).The data of GEPIA showed that comparing to the adjacent tissues,gene AP2M1 was highly expressed in hepatocarcinoma tissues.Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis was performed by OncoLnc.It was found that the survival rate of patients with liver cancer and high expression of AP2M1 was significantly lower than patients with liver cancer and low expression of AP2M1(P<0.01).Conclusion:The high expression of membrane protein AP2M1 in the exosomes of hepatoma cells and the high expression of its gene in liver cancer tissues predicted the low survival rate.展开更多
基金Program of Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,Grant/Award Number:21ZR1453800 and 22ZR1452400Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:82370057+3 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Number:22120220562Program of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission,Grant/Award Number:20204Y0384Program of National Key Research and Development Project of China,Grant/Award Number:2023YFC2509500。
文摘Background:Our previous study found that mouse embryonic neural stem cell(NSC)-derived exosomes(EXOs)regulated NSC differentiation via the miR-9/Hes1 axis.However,the effects of EXOs on brain microvascular endothelial cell(BMEC)dysfunction via the miR-9/Hes1 axis remain unknown.Therefore,the current study aimed to determine the effects of EXOs on BMEC proliferation,migration,and death via the miR-9/Hes1 axis.Methods:Immunofluorescence,quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,cell counting kit-8 assay,wound healing assay,calcein-acetoxymethyl/propidium iodide staining,and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to determine the role and mechanism of EXOs on BMECs.Results:EXOs promoted BMEC proliferation and migration and reduced cell death under hypoxic conditions.The overexpression of miR-9 promoted BMEC prolifera-tion and migration and reduced cell death under hypoxic conditions.Moreover,miR-9 downregulation inhibited BMEC proliferation and migration and also promoted cell death.Hes1 silencing ameliorated the effect of amtagomiR-9 on BMEC proliferation and migration and cell death.Hyperemic structures were observed in the regions of the hippocampus and cortex in hypoxia-induced mice.Meanwhile,EXO treatment improved cerebrovascular alterations.Conclusion:NSC-derived EXOs can promote BMEC proliferation and migra-tion and reduce cell death via the miR-9/Hes1 axis under hypoxic conditions.Therefore,EXO therapeutic strategies could be considered for hypoxia-induced vascular injury.
基金supported by the Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Innovation Fund,No.22HHXBSS00047(to PL)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82072166(to PL),82071394(to XG)+4 种基金Science and Technology Planning Project of Tianjin,No.20YFZCSY00030(to PL)Science and Technology Project of Tianjin Municipal Health Commission,No.TJWJ2021QN005(to XG)Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project,No.TJYXZDXK-006ATianjin Municipal Education Commission Scientific Research Program Project,No.2020KJ164(to JZ)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2022M712392(to ZY).
文摘We previously reported that miR-124-3p is markedly upregulated in microglia-derived exosomes following repetitive mild traumatic brain injury.However,its impact on neuronal endoplasmic reticulum stress following repetitive mild traumatic brain injury remains unclear.In this study,we first used an HT22 scratch injury model to mimic traumatic brain injury,then co-cultured the HT22 cells with BV2 microglia expressing high levels of miR-124-3p.We found that exosomes containing high levels of miR-124-3p attenuated apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress.Furthermore,luciferase reporter assay analysis confirmed that miR-124-3p bound specifically to the endoplasmic reticulum stress-related protein IRE1α,while an IRE1αfunctional salvage experiment confirmed that miR-124-3p targeted IRE1αand reduced its expression,thereby inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in injured neurons.Finally,we delivered microglia-derived exosomes containing miR-124-3p intranasally to a mouse model of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury and found that endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis levels in hippocampal neurons were significantly reduced.These findings suggest that,after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury,miR-124-3 can be transferred from microglia-derived exosomes to injured neurons,where it exerts a neuroprotective effect by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress.Therefore,microglia-derived exosomes containing miR-124-3p may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for repetitive mild traumatic brain injury.
基金Funding from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.81673367 and 81874303)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Key Grant no.7181004).
文摘Natural exosomes can express specific proteins and carbohydratemolecules on the surface and hence have demonstrated the great potentials for gene therapy of cancer.However,the use of natural exosomes is restricted by their low transfection efficiency.Here,we report a novel targeting tLyp-1 exosome by gene recombinant engineering for delivery of siRNA to cancer and cancer stem cells.To reach such a purpose,the engineered tLyp-1-lamp2b plasmids were constructed and amplified in Escherichia coli.The tLyp-1-lamp2b plasmids were further used to transfect HEK293T tool cells and the targeting tLyp-1 exosomes were isolated from secretion of the transfected HEK293T cells.Afterwards,the artificially synthesized siRNA was encapsulated into targeting tLyp-1 exosomes by electroporation technology.Finally,the targeting siRNA tLyp-1 exosomes were used to transfect cancer or cancer stem cells.Results showed that the engineered targeting tLyp-1 exosomes had a nanosized structure(approximately 100 nm)and high transfection efficiency into lung cancer and cancer stem cells.The function verifications demonstrated that the targeting siRNA tLyp-1 exosomes were able to knock-down the target gene of cancer cells and to reduce the stemness of cancer stem cells.In conclusion,the targeting tLyp-1 exosomes are successfully engineered,and can be used for gene therapy with a high transfection efficiency.Therefore,the engineered targeting tLyp-1 exosomes offer a promising gene delivery platform for future cancer therapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82171194 and 81974155(both to JL)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission Medical Guide Project,No.16411969200(to WZ)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission Biomedical Science and Technology Project,No.22S31902600(to JL)。
文摘Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease.We previously showed that neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles improved mitochondrial function in the cortex of AP P/PS1 mice.Because Alzheimer’s disease affects the entire brain,further research is needed to elucidate alterations in mitochondrial metabolism in the brain as a whole.Here,we investigated the expression of several important mitochondrial biogenesis-related cytokines in multiple brain regions after treatment with neural stem cell-derived exosomes and used a combination of whole brain clearing,immunostaining,and lightsheet imaging to clarify their spatial distribution.Additionally,to clarify whether the sirtuin 1(SIRT1)-related pathway plays a regulatory role in neural stem cell-de rived exosomes interfering with mitochondrial functional changes,we generated a novel nervous system-SIRT1 conditional knoc kout AP P/PS1mouse model.Our findings demonstrate that neural stem cell-de rived exosomes significantly increase SIRT1 levels,enhance the production of mitochondrial biogenesis-related fa ctors,and inhibit astrocyte activation,but do not suppress amyloid-βproduction.Thus,neural stem cell-derived exosomes may be a useful therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer’s disease that activates the SIRT1-PGC1αsignaling pathway and increases NRF1 and COXIV synthesis to improve mitochondrial biogenesis.In addition,we showed that the spatial distribution of mitochondrial biogenesis-related factors is disrupted in Alzheimer’s disease,and that neural stem cell-derived exosome treatment can reverse this effect,indicating that neural stem cell-derived exosomes promote mitochondrial biogenesis.
基金Supported by The Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation,No.7192160.
文摘BACKGROUND Wound healing impairment is a dysfunction induced by hyperglycemia and its effect on endothelial precursor cells(EPCs)in type 2 diabetes mellitus.There is increasing evidence showing that exosomes(Exos)derived from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells(ADSCs)exhibit the potential to improve endothelial cell function along with wound healing.However,the potential therapeutic mechanism by which ADSC Exos contribute to wound healing in diabetic mice remains unclear.AIM To reveal the potential therapeutic mechanism of ADSC Exos in wound healing in diabetic mice.METHODS Exos from ADSCs and fibroblasts were used for high-throughput RNA sequencing(RNA-Seq).ADSC-Exo-mediated healing of full-thickness skin wounds in a diabetic mouse model was investigated.We employed EPCs to investigate the therapeutic function of Exos in cell damage and dysfunction caused by high glucose(HG).We utilized a luciferase reporter(LR)assay to analyze interactions among circular RNA astrotactin 1(circ-Astn1),sirtuin(SIRT)and miR-138-5p.A diabetic mouse model was used to verify the therapeutic effect of circ-Astn1 on Exo-mediated wound healing.RESULTS High-throughput RNA-Seq analysis showed that circ-Astn1 expression was increased in ADSC Exos compared with Exos from fibroblasts.Exos containing high concentrations of circ-Astn1 had enhanced therapeutic effects in restoring EPC function under HG conditions by promoting SIRT1 expression.Circ-Astn1 expression enhanced SIRT1 expression through miR-138-5p adsorption,which was validated by the LR assay along with bioinformatics analyses.Exos containing high concentrations of circ-Astn1 had better therapeutic effects on wound healing in vivo compared to wild-type ADSC Exos.Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical investigations suggested that circ-Astn1 enhanced angiopoiesis through Exo treatment of wounded skin as well as by suppressing apoptosis through promotion of SIRT1 and decreased forkhead box O1 expression.CONCLUSION Circ-Astn1 promotes the therapeutic effect of ADSC-Exos and thus improves wound healing in diabetes via miR-138-5p absorption and SIRT1 upregulation.Based on our data,we advocate targeting the circ-Astn1/miR-138-5p/SIRT1 axis as a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of diabetic ulcers.
基金supported by the National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for Significant New Drugs Development,No.2019ZX09301-147 (to LXZ)。
文摘There are various clinical treatments for traumatic brain injury,including surgery,drug therapy,and rehabilitation therapy;howeve r,the therapeutic effects are limited.Scaffolds combined with exosomes represent a promising but challenging method for improving the repair of traumatic brain injury.In this study,we determined the ability of a novel 3D-printed collagen/chitosan scaffold loaded with exosomes derived from neural stem cells pretreated with insulin-like growth factor-1(3D-CC-INEXOS) to improve traumatic brain injury repair and functional recove ry after traumatic brain injury in rats.Composite scaffolds comprising collagen,chitosan,and exosomes derived from neural stem cells pretreated with insulin-like growth fa ctor-1(INEXOS) continuously released exosomes for 2weeks.Transplantation of 3D-CC-INExos scaffolds significantly improved motor and cognitive functions in a rat traumatic brain injury model,as assessed by the Morris water maze test and modified neurological seve rity scores.In addition,immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy showed that3D-CC-INExos implantation significantly improved the recove ry of damaged nerve tissue in the injured area.In conclusion,this study suggests that transplanted3D-CC-INExos scaffolds might provide a potential strategy for the treatment of traumatic brain injury and lay a solid foundation for clinical translation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82271353(to JW)Key Research and Development Program of Liaoning Province,No.2020JH2/10300047(to JF).
文摘LncRNA(long non-coding RNA) H19 is a transcript of the H19 gene that is expressed during embryogenesis.We previously discove red a role for circular lncRNA H19 in the onset and prognosis of cerebral ischemic stroke.In this study,we used serum from patients with ischemic stroke,and mouse and cell culture models to elucidate the roles of plasma and neuronal exosomes in the regulatory effect of lncRNA H19 on insulin-like growth factor-1 and its mechanism in ischemic stroke,using western blotting,quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.Plasma exosomal IncRNA H19 was negatively associated with blood levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 in samples from patients with cerebral ischemic stroke.In a mouse model,levels of exosomal IncRNA H19 were positively correlated with plasma and cerebral lncRNA H19.In a cell co-culture model,we confirmed that IncRNA H19 was transported from neuro ns to astrocytes by exosomes to induce downregulation of insulin-like growth factor-1 through the H19/let-7 a/insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor axis.This study provides the first evidence for the transpo rtation of IncRNA H19 by exosomes and the relationship between IncRNA H19 and insulinlike growth factor-1.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81772452(to NL)the Fujian Province Joint Funds for the Innovation of Science and Technology,No.2020Y9065(to NL)+1 种基金Fujian Province Special Foundation for Natural Science Innovation Project,No.2016B014(to NL)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,No.2019J01160(to XHJ).
文摘Treadmill exercise and mesenchymal stem cell transplantation are both practical and effective methods for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.However,whether there is a synergistic effect between the two remains unclear.In this study,we established rat models of ischemia/reperfusion injury by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 2 hours and reperfusion for 24 hours.Rat models were perfused with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(MSC-exos)via the tail vein and underwent 14 successive days of treadmill exercise.Neurological assessment,histopathology,and immunohistochemistry results revealed decreased neuronal apoptosis and cerebral infarct volume,evident synaptic formation and axonal regeneration,and remarkably recovered neurological function in rats subjected to treadmill exercise and MSC-exos treatment.These effects were superior to those in rats subjected to treadmill exercise or MSC-exos treatment alone.Mechanistically,further investigation revealed that the activation of JNK1/c-Jun signaling pathways regulated neuronal apoptosis and synaptic-axonal remodeling.These findings suggest that treadmill exercise may exhibit a synergistic effect with MSC-exos treatment,which may be related to activation of the JNK1/c-Jun signaling pathway.This study provides novel theoretical evidence for the clinical application of treadmill exercise combined with MSC-exos treatment for ischemic cerebrovascular disease.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81972606 and 82271774.
文摘BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)exert anti-oncogenic effects via exosomes containing non-coding RNA(ncRNA),which play important roles in tumor biology.Our preliminary study identified the interaction of the ncRNA hsa_-circ_0000563(circ563)and the circ563-associated miR-148a-3p in exosomes,as miR-148a-3p and its target metal-regulatory transcription factor-1(MTF-1)are implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)progression.AIM To identify the clinical significance,functional implications,and mechanisms of circ563 in HCC.METHODS The expression levels of miR-148a-3p and MTF-1 in exosomes derived from MSC and HCC cells were compared,and their effects on HCC cells were assessed.Using a dual-luciferase reporter assay,miR-148a-3p was identified as an associated microRNA of circ563,whose role in HCC regulation was assessed in vitro and in vivo.RESULTS The silencing of circ563 blocked the HCC cell proliferation and invasion and induced apoptosis.Co-culturing of HCC cells with MSC-derived exosomes following circ563 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and metastasis and elicited changes in miR-148a-3p and MTF-1 expression.The tumor-promoting effects of circ563 were partially suppressed by miR-148a-3p overexpression or MTF-1 depletion.Xenograft experiments performed in nude mice confirmed that circ563-enriched exosomes facilitated tumor growth by upregulating the expression of MTF-1.In HCC tissues,circ563 expression was negatively correlated with miR-148a-3p expression but positively correlated with MTF-1 levels.CONCLUSION MSCs may exhibit anti-HCC activity through the exosomal circ563/miR-148a-3p/MTF-1 pathway,while exosomes can transmit circ563 to promote oncogenic behavior by competitively binding to miR-148a-3p to activate MTF-1.
基金Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project(821MS128,822MS164)Hainan Provincial People's Hospital National Natural Science Foundation Cultivation Project(530)(2021MSXM04)。
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of exosomes secreted by decidual macrophages on trophoblast cells and their molecular mechanism.Methods:The decidual tissues of patients with preeclampsia(PE)and normal-term pregnant women were collected.Macrophages were obtained by the density gradient method and then flow cell sorting,then the exosomes were extracted.The structure of the exosomes was observed by transmission electron microscope.The expression of CD63,a marker protein of the exocrine body,was detected by western blot,and the exosomes were identified.CCK-8 was used to detect the effect of exosomes on trophoblast cell viability.Transwell migration experiment was used to detect the influence on migration ability.The expression of miR-146a-5p in exosomes was detected by qPCR.The effect of exosomes on the expression of HIF1αprotein in trophoblasts was detected by western blot and detection of the binding site between miR-146a-5p and HIF1αby double luciferase reporter gene was conducted.Results:The exosomes of macrophages present a"cake"structure with a middle depression about 30-130 nm in diameter,and CD63 is highly expressed,which conforms to the characteristics of exosomes.Compared with the normal group,the exosomes of decidual macrophages in the PE group inhibited the activity and migration of trophoblast cells(P<0.001).The expression of miR-146a-5p in the exosomes of decidual macrophages in the PE decreased significantly,and after exosomes of PE decidual macrophages treating trophoblast cells,the protein expression of HIF1αin trophoblast cells was significantly increased.There are targeted binding sites between miR-146a-5p and HIF1α.Conclusion:PE decidual macrophage exosomes can inhibit the viability and migration of trophoblast cells,which may be related to the decreased expression of miR-146a-5p in exosomes,thus promoting HIF1αprotein expression of trophoblast cells.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81760612)Guangxi Key Research and Development Project(No.AB16380351)
文摘Objective:Adopting mass spectrometry to analyze the protein spectrum of the exosomes in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and screening the target membrane protein in order to analyze the relationship between its gene expression level and prognosis.Methods:The exosomes of hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2 and 7721 were isolated by ultracentrifugation,and the extracted exosomes were verified by transmission electron microscope, western blotting,and nanosight.The relative quantitative proteomics analysis was used to analyze the protein spectrum of HepG2 and 7721 cells in exosomes.The bioinformatics was used to collect the signal pathway,and the target protein AP2M1 was verified by qRTPCR.Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis(GEPIA),OncoLnc,and The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database were used to analyze the expression level of AP2M1 and the survival rate of patients with liver cancer.Results:The extracellular exosomes of HepG2 and 7721 cells were isolated by ultracentrifugation.High-purity exosomes were obtained and verified by transmission electron microscopy,western blotting,and nanosight.There were 836 proteins co-expressed by the exosomes of HepG2 and 7721.By the analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway,a total of 34 pathways that were related to liver cancer were collected,and the target membrane protein AP2M1 was screened.AP2M1 highly expressed in HepG2 cells,HepG2 and Huh7 cells' exosomes were detected by qRT-PCR(P<0.05).The data of GEPIA showed that comparing to the adjacent tissues,gene AP2M1 was highly expressed in hepatocarcinoma tissues.Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis was performed by OncoLnc.It was found that the survival rate of patients with liver cancer and high expression of AP2M1 was significantly lower than patients with liver cancer and low expression of AP2M1(P<0.01).Conclusion:The high expression of membrane protein AP2M1 in the exosomes of hepatoma cells and the high expression of its gene in liver cancer tissues predicted the low survival rate.