Climate-growth relationships of Pinus tabuliformis along an altitudinal gradient on Baiyunshan Mountain,Central China

A set of standard chronologies for tree-ring width(TRW),earlywood width(EWW)and latewood width(LWW)in Pinus tabuliformis Carr.along an altitudi-nal gradient(1450,1400,and 1350 m a.s.l.)on Baiyunshan Mountain,Central China to analyze the effect of varying temperature and precipitation on growth along the gradi-ent.Correlation analyses showed that at all three altitudes and the TRW and EWW chronologies generally had signifi-cant negative correlations with mean and maximum tem-peratures in the current April and May and with minimum temperatures in the prior July and August,but significant positive correlations with precipitation in the current May.Correlations were generally significantly negative between LWW chronologies and all temperatures in the prior July and August,indicating that the prior summer temperature had a strong lag effect on the growth of P.tabuliformis that increased with altitude.The correlation with the standard-ized precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI)confirmed that wet conditions in the current May promoted growth of TR and EW at all altitudes.Significant altitudinal differences were also found;at 1400 m,there were significant positive correlations between EWW chronologies and SPEI in the current April and significant negative correlations between LWW chronologies and SPEI in the current September,but these correlations were not significant at 1450 m.At 1350 m,there were also significant negative correlations between the TRW and the EWW chronologies and SPEI in the prior October and the current July and between LWW chronology and SPEI in the current August,but these cor-relations were not significant at 1400 m.Moving correlation results showed a stable response of EWW in relation to the SPEI in the current May at all three altitudes and of LWW to maximum temperature in the prior July-August at 1400 m from 2002 to 2018.The EWW chronology at 1400 m and the LWW chronology at 1450 m were identified as more suitable for climate reconstruction.These results provide a strong scientific basis for forest management decisions and climate reconstructions in Central China.

光质和光强变化对油松幼苗生长及非结构性碳水化合物的影响

为研究不同光质和光强对油松幼苗生长的影响,以培育5个月的油松容器苗为材料,设置红蓝绿混合光源(red∶blue∶green=6.5∶1.2∶2.3)、红蓝混光光源(red∶blue=5∶1)和全光谱植物生长灯作对照处理,分别在RGB和RB光源条件下50 cm处设置光子通量为90、150、210μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)的3个不同光照强度对油松幼苗继续补光4个月,揭示不同光质和光强对油松幼苗生长及非结构性碳水化合物的影响规律。结果表明:1)RB和RGB光质处理下除W1处理外,油松幼苗苗高和地径均高于CK,达到油松1年生播种苗的一级苗木标准。RGB处理下光照强度为210μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)时油松幼苗的苗高与地径最大,分别是CK处理的149.44%和152.00%。2)RB和RGB光质处理下整株干重、根冠比、根分配率及壮苗指数均在光照强度为210μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)时最高。3)RB光质处理下光照强度为150μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)时油松幼苗的淀粉含量变化明显,RGB光质处理下光照强度为210μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)时油松幼苗的可溶性糖含量最多,且可溶性糖与淀粉含量之间的转化相对稳定。4)RB和RGB光质处理下油松幼苗整株生物量、地径和苗高与淀粉含量存在正相关,与可溶性糖含量存在负相关(P<0.01)。

气候变化对我国油松人工林适生区分布的影响

【目的】油松是我国北方地区重要的针叶树种,根系发达,具有较强的水土保持和水源涵养能力,发挥着重要的生态防护功能。研究油松的生态特征及分布边界,探索油松的最佳造林区,了解油松人工林适生区分布在气候变化下的变迁,为气候变化背景下合理规划油松的造林和经营方案提供支持。【方法】基于油松人工林在中国地区221条有效分布记录和22个环境因子变量,结合ArcGIS,运用MaxEnt模型模拟气候变化情景下油松人工林的潜在分布,确定制约油松人工林分布的关键环境因子和适宜区间,预测油松人工林适生区在未来不同气候情景下的地理分布及面积的变化。【结果】(1)MaxEnt模型的AUC值达到0.955,说明模拟的结果可靠。(2)当前油松人工林在我国的适生区面积为98.90×10^(4) km^(2),集中分布在秦岭以北的地区,包括太行山、黄土高原、燕山和辽西等山地。影响油松人工林分布的主要环境变量为最暖季度降水量、最干季度平均温度、最冷月最低温度和海拔。其中,最暖季度降水量是影响油松人工林分布的首要因子,适宜范围为223~389 mm。最干季度平均温度的范围为-5~5℃,最冷月最低温度的范围为-14.5~-3.5℃,适合油松生长的海拔高度在100~2 100 m之间。(3)从1931—2020年的变化趋势来看,油松适生区的南界基本没发生变化,一直是岷山—秦岭—大巴山一线,向西到达祁连山南端和贺兰山东南侧,并没有向西北扩张。而油松适生区的北界却一直向北延伸,纬度大概向北扩张3.5°,高适生区重心同样也向北迁移。因此油松适生区面积一直呈增加的趋势。(4)从未来气候变化情景来看,在2041—2060年和2061—2080年两个时期,油松的潜在适生区继续呈现向北迁移的趋势,高适生区面积呈现先增加再减少的趋势。【结论】气候变化会导致油松适生区向北扩张,同时在黄土高原和秦岭地区高适生区呈现破碎化,引种栽培油松时需谨慎。在燕山北部和辽宁西部的高适生区范围比较稳定,适合继续扩大种植。

Evaluation of seed production in a first-generation seed orchard of Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis)

We evaluated seed production in a first-gener- ation orchard of Chinese pine （Pinus tabuliformis） during the crucial transition period from first generation to advanced generations. Clones varied significantly in all traits related to seed production. Repeatability of these traits ranged from 0 to 0.96. Seed production per ramet （SPPR）, seed producing index （SPI）, the number of relative female strobili （RFS）, the number of scales, and the num- ber of ineffective scales had comparatively high repeata- bility at 0.86, 0.87, 0.89, 0.96, and 0.91, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that SPPR was greatly influenced by RFS and by the number of full seeds per cone. Finally, we showed that SPI was the best predictor of the seed-producing ability of clones. Our findings will assist seed orchard managers in effectively predicting and improving seed production of Chinese pine seed orchards.

油松人工林相容性生长联立方程组模型构建

以西宁市周边山地人工林为研究对象,利用近2年森林资源更新调查数据,构建油松林相容性生长联立方程组模型,采用似乎不相关回归法求解模型参数,并对模型进行异方差修正,最后检验所构建的相容性生长联立方程组模型预测精度及适应性。结果表明:相容性生长联立方程组模型对平均胸径、平均树高和每公顷断面积的预估精度均在93%以上,MSE和TRE值均在±2%以内,卡方检验结果远远小于临界值,预测效果优于独立拟合模型。在油松中幼龄林阶段,胸径、树高和断面积生长均与林分密度指数和地位级指数正相关;胸径、树高生长对地位级指数更敏感,而断面积生长对林分密度指数更敏感。基于模型预测结果,油松林分胸径快速增长期在5~25 a,年均生长量为0.33 cm;树高快速增长期在5~30 a,年均生长量为0.23 m;断面积在15 a之前增速最快,年均生长量为0.13 m2/hm2。本研究所构建的油松林相容性生长联立方程组模型预测精度高,可用来预测西宁市及相似生态区油松林分胸径、树高和断面积生长,为林分生长及收获预估、科学合理经营提供参考。

油松主要分布区林分碳储量特征与固碳潜力

根据北京市、河北省、辽宁省、陕西省、内蒙古自治区的油松(Pinus tabuliformis)资源二类调查数据,使用材积源生物量法结合油松含碳率计算中国油松主要分布区油松林碳储量与碳密度,分析不同地区、龄组、林种、起源的油松林碳储量分布特征与固碳潜力。结果表明:油松5个主要分布区的油松林总面积为243.09万hm^(2)、总蓄积为11175.75万m^(3)、总碳储量为5043.38万t,平均碳密度为20.75 t·hm^(-2)。油松天然林碳储量为1660.14万t,碳密度为25.77 t·hm^(-2)。油松人工林碳储量为3383.24万t,碳密度为18.94 t·hm^(-2)。油松人工林碳储量高于天然林,占全部碳储量的67.08%。不同龄组中,碳储量最大是油松中龄林,为2032.38万t,占全部碳储量的40.30%;碳储量最小的为过熟林,占全部碳储量的2.32%。油松各龄组平均碳密度随林龄的增加而增加。不同林种中,碳储量来源主要为防护林及用材林,共为4360.45万t,占全部碳储量的86.46%。5处主要分布区的油松林固碳潜力为5285.63万t,相当于现有油松碳储量的1.88倍,其中,中幼龄林固碳潜力为4904.46万t,是油松林固碳潜力所在。油松林具有明显的固碳增汇能力,其人工林为油松碳库的主体,中幼龄油松林具有巨大的固碳潜力,需加强油松人工中幼龄林的抚育及管理。

基于地理信息技术油松(Pinus tabuliformis)根长密度估算及空间分布特征分析

定量研究植物根系的生长发育及时空分布特征是构建根系吸水模型、计算根系吸水量的基础。选择陇中黄土高原定西安家沟流域为研究区,对研究区内的油松(Pinus tabuliformis)吸水根系空间分布特征进行研究。利用剖面法获取不同空间点上的吸水根系,基于地理信息系统技术估算油松吸水根系的根长密度。结果表明:在水平方向上,油松根长密度呈二次曲线分布,吸水根系主要集中在0～400 cm范围内;在垂直方向上,油松吸水根系呈对数分布,吸水根系主要集中在0～100 cm范围内。并构建了油松吸水根系的二维空间分布方程。

北京市油松林根际真菌种类调查——松山自然保护区为例

真菌在土壤生态系统中对分解有机质、保育土壤肥力和促进养分循环等发挥重要作用。为了探究天然和人工油松林下根际真菌多样性,为北京城区及周边山区松林的持续发展、根际真菌资源的合理开发和可持续利用提供科学依据。本研究采用MMN固体平板培养法,通过一代测序技术分析了天然油松林根际和人工油松林根际真菌数量、种类及分布特征。(1)天然油松林根际真菌种类比人工油松林丰富,接合菌门(Zygomycota)和子囊菌亚门(Ascomycotina)为优势真菌菌落。(2)青霉属(Penicillium)是天然油松林根际的主要优势菌落,伞状霉属(Umbelopsis)是人工油松林根际的主要优势菌落。(3)青霉属(Penicillium)、伞状霉属(Umbelopsis)、毛霉属(Mucor)、镰孢菌属(Fusarium)和木霉属(Trichoderma)等是油松林根际土壤优势真菌。(4)从根际真菌类群数量和个体数量上,天然油松林均高于人工油松林。本试验初步筛选、鉴定出2种油松林根际优势真菌,为根际真菌资源的保护、合理开发提供了基础。

油松高世代种子园亲本选择策略研究

【目的】通过油松高世代种子园建园亲本2种选择策略的对比与评价,为高世代高产稳产油松建园亲本选择策略的确定提供科学依据。【方法】以山西省隰县上庄油松初级种子园自由授粉子代测定林为基本群体,对42个油松半同胞家系的生长性状进行遗传变异分析,采用配合选择策略和最优单株直接选择策略筛选油松第二代种子园建园亲本,对比分析两种选择策略下,筛选出的优良单株的各性状平均生长量和平均预期遗传增益。【结果】油松半同胞家系间和家系内胸径、树高和材积生长均达到了极显著差异水平(P<0.01),配合选择策略与最优单株直接选择策略分别选出30个优良单株,其中有19个相同、11个不同。最优单株直接选择策略所筛选的11个特有优良单株的平均胸径、树高和材积生长量分别高出配合选择策略所筛选的11个特有优良单株7.72%、18.56%和31.01%,所筛选的30个优良单株的平均胸径、树高和材积的预期遗传增益比配合选择策略筛选的30个优良单株分别增加了15.52%、121.78%和29.38%。与每一优良家系入选1个优良单株的配合选择策略不同,最优单株直接选择策略筛选出的30个优良单株中,有29个优良单株分属于19个优良家系,另外1个优良单株(D12)属于非优良家系。【结论】配合选择策略会导致部分优良单株资源损失,最优单株直接选择策略更适合用于油松高世代种子园亲本材料的筛选。

天然油松叶-枝-根氮磷含量随降水和温度的变化规律

【目的】对油松叶、枝、根的氮、磷含量随水热变化的响应规律进行研究,有助于加深对我国暖温带地区森林植物应对气候变化策略的认识。【方法】本文基于生态化学计量学理论,在我国天然油松林主要分布区选择7个代表性样点,对优势种油松叶、枝、根的氮、磷含量进行定量分析。【结果】(1)油松叶、枝、根器官间氮、磷含量存在显著差异,叶的氮、磷含量均高于枝和根的氮、磷含量,其中当年生叶、当年生枝的氮、磷含量高于多年生叶、多年生枝的氮、磷含量。吸收根氮、磷含量高于次生根氮、磷含量。当年生叶、当年生枝的氮磷比低于多年生叶、多年生枝的氮磷比,次生根氮磷比高于吸收根氮磷比。(2)油松叶、枝、根的氮、磷含量的变异程度存在差异,整体变异系数范围为12.3%~44.4%,其中吸收根磷含量的变异系数最大,多年生叶氮含量的变异系数最小。(3)油松不同器官的氮磷化学计量特征随环境变化的响应存在差异,油松多年生叶氮含量、多年生及当年生枝氮、磷含量随降水量的增加呈显著下降的趋势。多年生及当年生叶磷含量、枝磷含量均随温度的升高呈显著上升的趋势。多年生及当年生叶氮磷比、枝氮磷比随温度的升高呈显著下降的趋势。次生根磷含量随温度的升高呈显著上升的趋势,次生根氮磷比随温度升高呈显著下降的趋势。【结论】降水、温度对我国天然油松林优势物种油松叶、枝、根的氮磷化学计量特征有显著影响,不同器官应对这两个环境因子的响应趋势及适应机制不同。

阜新地区油松造林技术研究

油松是干旱区域造林的首选树种之一,其根系发达、抗贫瘠、耐旱耐寒、成林速度快,可广泛用于干旱区域的防风固沙、水土保持林等。该文结合阜新市实际,从林地准备、造林苗准备、林间管理等方面总结了干旱地区油松的造林技术,为提高油松在干旱地区造林的效果提供参考。

科尔沁沙地油松人工林林龄对土壤酶活性及化学性质的影响

【目的】研究科尔沁沙地不同林龄油松人工林地土壤养分变化及酶活性变化过程,为该地区植被恢复提供参考依据。【方法】以流动沙地为对照(0 a),选择固沙18、34、48、56 a油松人工林地为研究对象,进行土壤样品分层采集,用于土壤化学性质及酶活性的测定;采用冗余分析方法,探究不同林龄土壤酶活性变化过程及其与土壤理化性质之间的关系。【结果】与对照相比,有机质、全氮、全磷、速效钾含量随林龄增加而显著增加,但全钾、速效氮则无明显变化。不同林龄0~2 cm土层过氧化氢酶、脱氢酶、脲酶、中性磷酸酶、中性蛋白酶活性随林龄增加均显著高于对照并具有明显表聚现象,蔗糖酶活性在18 a时活性最高,随后下降。林龄、土层及其交互作用均显著影响土壤酶活性。冗余分析结果表明土壤全氮、全钾、速效磷、速效钾与土壤脲酶、脱氢酶、过氧化氢酶均呈极显著正相关关系;7种化学性质在前两轴累积解释土壤酶活性的76.06%,对土壤酶活性影响重要性排序为全氮>速效磷>全钾>有机质>全磷>速效钾>速效氮,全氮是影响土壤酶活性差异的关键因子。【结论】油松人工林能有效改善沙地土壤肥力,提高土壤酶活性,并随林龄增加改善作用增强;同时人工造林56 a时,油松人工林地未出现衰退现象。

油松良种基地精细化管理技术

为更好地提高油松良种基地的管理质量,从土水肥管理、树体管理、花果管理、病虫害防治、种子采收和档案建立管理等各方面总结了油松良种基地的精细化管理技术。

山西省关帝山林区油松径向生长对气候的响应

测定山西省关帝山林区28棵油松不同树高处的年轮宽度数据,运用ARSTAN软件建立树木年轮标准年表,并对年轮宽度指数与降水量、温度的相关性进行分析。结果表明,油松不同树高处径向生长速率对气候的响应不同。0.0 m和11.0 m树高处年轮径向生长速率因降水量增加或者温度上升而加快;1.3 m树高处年轮径向生长速率因降水量增加而减缓,因温度上升而加快;3.0 m树高处年轮径向生长速率因降水量增加或者温度降低而加快;5.0 m树高处年轮径向生长速率因降水量增加或者温度升高而减缓;8.0 m树高处年轮径向生长速率因降水量增加或当年3月温度升高而加快,因当年7月温度升高而减缓。总体来说,降水量适量增加和温度适度升高,有利于油松的径向生长。

不同造林方式对乌兰察布地区油松容器苗生长状况的影响

为了提高乌兰察布地区油松容器苗在立地条件差、土壤贫瘠环境下的成活率和生长量,试验分别采用常规整地、集水整地和菌根菌剂造林技术对油松容器苗进行栽植处理。3年间观察并测定苗木成活率、生长量以及土壤水分指标,通过隶属函数值法评价不同造林技术的抗旱性。结果发现:3年试验期间(2014-2017年),相比常规整地和集水整地造林技术,菌根菌剂造林技术能够显著提高试验区油松容器苗的成活率和生长量;采用菌根菌剂处理的样地土壤水分明显高于常规整地和集水整地;将集水整地和菌根菌剂造林技术相结合,油松容器苗成活率、生长量和土壤水分指标均优于其他3种单独造林技术。此外,不同造林技术的抗旱性评价由高到低为:集水整地与菌根菌剂造林技术结合>菌根菌剂造林技术>集水整地造林技术>常规整地造林技术。

冀北山地南麓油松蒙古栎混交林土壤物理性质研究

为明确冀北山地南麓油松蒙古栎混交林土壤物理性质,并探究其水土保持能力,选取油松纯林、蒙古栎纯林、油栎混交林为研究对象,对其土壤物理性质进行差异分析。结果表明:土壤容重均值以油松纯林(1.26 g·cm^(-3))>油栎混交林(1.21 g·cm^(-3))>蒙古栎纯林(1.08 g·cm^(-3));土壤总孔隙度均值以油松纯林(42.39%)<油栎混交林(43.32%)<蒙古栎纯林(51.53%);土壤最大持水率与土壤毛管持水率呈现出相同的大小关系为蒙古栎纯林>油栎混交林>油松纯林;土壤孔隙度随土层深度的增加均呈现出递减的态势,而土壤容重对土层深度的增加体现出递增的变化趋势。

Effects of gibberellin A_(4/7), 6-benzylaminopurine and chlormequat chloride on the number of male and female strobili and immature cones in Chinese Pine (Pinus tabuliformis) with foliar sprays

Three kinds of plant growth regulators, gibberellinA 4/7 （GA 4/7 ）, 6-benzylaminopurine （BA）, and chlormequat chloride （CCC）, were evaluated for their ability to promote strobilus and cone production in a Chinese pine （Pinus tabuliformis Carr.） clonal seed orchard. Treatments （0, 250, 500, or 1000 mg L -1 ） were applied during three periods （June- July, July-August and August-September） in 2005. Of the three plant growth regulators, GA 4/7 was the best for promoting flower and cone production. Trees sprayed with GA 4/7 （500 mg L -1 ） from June to September had significantly more female strobili and immature cones than controls and other treatments （p≤0.0001）. The best time to apply GA 4/7 was in June. BA at 500 mg L -1 significantly increased female flower and immature cone production, compared to other treatments and controls （p≤0.0001）, while promotion of male strobili was unchanged. Chlormequat chloride at 1000 mg L -1 significantly increased the number of male strobili, compared to the other treatments （p≤0.0001）. Spraying CCC at500 mg L -1 significantly increased the number of female strobili, compared to controls （p0.05）, but it had no effect on immature cone production （p0.05）. These results are important for improving seed production and seed orchard management of Chinese pine.

Environmental contribution to needle variation among natural populations of Pinus tabuliformis

Variations in the phenotypic characteristics of conifer needles is a consequence of genetic evolution that has been widely used in geographic variation and ecological studies.Although many studies are based on an in situ sampling strategy and generally realize the contribution of environmental effects to variation in needle traits,it is still uncertain which needle traits are most influenced by genetic effects and which are most influenced by the environment.Using both a common garden experiment to eliminate environmental heterogeneity and an in situ sampling strategy,we compared 18 Pinus tabuliformis needle traits among 10 geographical populations.Using both sampling strategies,we found significant differences in needle traits among populations and among individuals within populations.Differences in the‘‘among-population’’variance component between the two sampling strategies revealed the environmental contribution among natural populations for each trait.The among-population variance in the following traits exceeded 8%:needle length,number of stomata within 2 mm(NS2),number of stomatal lines on the planar side,number of resin canals(RCN)and the resin canal area(RCA).For the stability of needle traits,NS2,RCN,RCA,ratio of the vascular bundle area to the RCA(VBA/RCA),and MA/RCA differed significantly in more than five provenance changes between the common garden populations and natural populations,which may be susceptible to environmental effects.Conversely,the crosssectional area,mesophyll area(MA),MA/(VBA+RCA),and MA/VBA were phenotypically stable.Geographic variation patterns and systematic relation of needle traits differed between the two sampling strategies,suggesting that in situ sampling results may reflect environmental effects and deviate statistical parameters for genetic study.Future studies of genetic evolution in the context of geographic variation should be based on appropriate sampling strategies and stable phenotypic traits.

Genetic variation of wood tracheid traits and their relationships with growth and wood density in clones of Pinus tabuliformis

To improve wood quality for pulpwood industries, it is important to examine not only wood density but also its components, especially tracheid characteristics. We studied genetic variations in the following tracheid traits by earlywood （EW） and latewood （LW）： tracheid length （TL）, double wall thickness （WT）, radial lumen diameter （R_D1）, tangential lumen diameter （T_D1）, radial central diameter （R_D2）, and tangential central diameter （T_D2）. We also studied the relationship with the following growth traits： diameter at breast height （DBH）, height （H）, crown breadth south-north axis （NSC）, crown breadth east-west axis （EWC）, ring width （RW）, latewood percentage （LWP）, and wood density （WD）. All sample materials were collected from a 33-year old clonal seed orchard of Pinus tabuliformis Carr. Genetic variation among clones was moderate for all tracheid traits, 9.49-26.03%. Clones significantly affected WT, R_D1, R_D2, T_D1, T_D2, and the two ratios WT/R_D1 and TL/T_D2 in EW but had no effects in LW. Clones significantly affected TL in LW but had no effects in EW. H2/C was higher in LW （0.50） than in EW （0.20） for TL, while H 2/C was higher in EW （0.27-0.46） for other tracheid traits and the two ratios （TL/T_D2 and WT/R_D1） than in EW （0.06-0.22）. WD and TL were significantly positively correlated, but WT and TL were negatively correlated both at individual and clone levels; all tracheid diameters and the four ratio values （EW_WT/ R_D1, LW WT/R_D1, EW_TL/T_D2 and LW_TL/ T_D2）, were strongly positively correlated with DBH, H, NSC, WEC and RW, and strongly negatively correlated with WD both at individual and clone levels. The most important variables for predicting WD were LW_TL, EW_WT and R_D1 in both EW and LW （r2= 0.22）. Selecting the top 10% of the clones by DBH would improve DBH growth by 12.19% （wood density was reduced by 0.14%） and produced similar responses between EW and LW for all tracheid traits： a reduction of 0.94 and 3.69% in tracheid length and increases in tracheid diameters （from 0.36 to 5.24%） and double wall thickness （0.07 and 0.87%）. The two ratios WT/R_D1 and TL/T_D2 across tissues （EW and LW） declined 0.59 and 4.56%, respectively. The decreased tracheid length and the ratio between tracheid length and diameter is disadvantageous for pulp production. The unfavorable relationship of tracheid traits with wood density indicate that multiple trait selection using optimal economic weights and optimal breeding strategies are recommended for the current longterm breeding program for P. tabuliformis.

Capacitance Characteristics of Pinus densata,Pinus tabuliformis,Pinus yunnanensis and the hybrids Pinus tabuliformis×Pinus Yunnanensis

We employed capacitance to evaluate the kinship and interspecific variation of homoploid hybrid conifer Pinus densata,P.tabuliformis,P.yunnanensis and artificial hybrids of P.tabuliformis(maternal parent)and P.yunnanensis(paternal parent)which were cultivated and selected in the common garden experiment.By measuring capacitance spectra under different voltage frequencies,we could differentiate different germplasms based on the electrical response.We aims to demonstrate that P.densata as the hybrid of P.tabuliformis and P.yunnanensis based on the capacitance values of the species,and to provide new evidence to the previously known biological evidence,as well as and the parental effect on the hybrids.Our results revealed that capacitance values between the species are significantly different in the spectra where P.yunnanensis positioned at the lowest and P.densata was much higher than all other species,indicating that P.densata had possessed a great capacity to store electrical energy.The capacitance spectra of P.densata and the artificial hybrid are not similar,which rejected our hypothesis.Both of the capacitance values of P.densata and the hybrids were closer to P.tabuliformis than to P.yunnanensis,which shows that the maternal influence was stronger than the paternal influence.Correlation analysis on the relationship between capacitance and fitnessrelated characteristics showed that capacitance is negatively correlated to mortality rate,and positively correlated with second-year survival rate.High capacitance values of P.densata and some of the hybrids reveal their superior adaptability to harsh environment in the Tibet Plateau.We concluded that capacitance as a new indicator for plant fitness and evolution evidence of homoploid hybrid conifers.