Analysis on the Changes of Research Hotspots in the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19 by Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Knowledge Graph

Objective: To grasp the changing trend of research hotspots of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, and to better play the role of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and other diseases. Methods: The research literature from 2020 to 2022 was searched in the CNKI database, and CiteSpace software was used for visual analysis. Results: The papers on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 by traditional Chinese medicine changed from cases, overviews, reports, and efficacy studies to more in-depth mechanism research, theoretical exploration, and social impact analysis, and finally formed a theory-clinical-society Influence-institutional change and other multi-dimensional achievement systems. Conclusion: Analyzing the changing trends of TCM hotspots in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 can fully understand the important value of TCM, take the coordination of TCM and Western medicine as an important means to deal with public health security incidents, and promote the exploration of the potential efficacy of TCM, so as to enhance the role of TCM in Applications in social stability, emergency security, clinical practice, etc.

Visual Analysis of Knowledge Map of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Pulmonary Interstitial Fibrosis Based on CiteSpace

Objective: To analyze the relevant research literature on the prevention and treatment of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), understand the current research status, hot spots and future development trend in this field, and provide basis and feasible suggestions for further research in this field. Methods: The journal literatures related to the prevention and treatment of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis with TCM in recent 20 years in CNKI database were searched and passed through CiteSpace 5.8.R3 generates the knowledge map of relevant literature authors, document issuing institutions and keywords, and makes visual analysis. Results: A total of 1,576 documents were included, and the annual number of documents showed a fluctuating upward trend, forming a relatively stable research team represented by authors such as LYU Xiaodong, PANG Lijian and LIU Chuang;According to the atlas of document issuing institutions, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and its affiliated hospitals ranked first in the number of documents issued, and the cooperation between institutions is dominated by the University of traditional Chinese medicine and its affiliated hospitals;Keyword cluster analysis shows that a large number of studies have been carried out in the field of etiology and pathogenesis, TCM compound, clinic and experiment. Conclusion: The research on the prevention and treatment of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis with TCM has a high degree of attention, but the cooperation network between the research authors and institutions needs to be strengthened. The research on the pathogenesis and improving the quality of life of patients is the trend of development in the future.

Expression model for multiple relationships in the ontology of traditional Chinese medicine knowledge

Objective:To explore multiple relationships in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)knowledge by comparing binary and multiple relationships during knowledge organization.Methods:Characteristics of binary and multiple semantic relationships as well as their associations are described.A method to classify multiple relationships based on the involvement of time is proposed and theoretically validated using examples from the ancient TCM classic Important Formulas Worth a Thousand Gold Pieces.The classification includes parallel multiple relationships,restricted multiple relationships,multiple relationships that involve time,and multiple relationships that involve time restriction.Next,construction of multiple semantic relationships for TCM concepts in each classification using Protege,an ontology editing tool is described.Results:Protege is superior to a binary relationship and less than ideal with multiple relationships during the constitution of concept relationships.Conclusion:When applied in TCM,the semantic relationships constructed by Protege are superior than those constructed by correlation and/or attribute relationships,but less ideal than those constructed by the human cognitive process.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Automated Diagnosis Based on Knowledge Graph Reasoning

Syndrome differentiation is the core diagnosis method of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).We propose a method that simulates syndrome differentiation through deductive reasoning on a knowledge graph to achieve automated diagnosis in TCM.We analyze the reasoning path patterns from symptom to syndromes on the knowledge graph.There are two kinds of path patterns in the knowledge graph:one-hop and two-hop.The one-hop path pattern maps the symptom to syndromes immediately.The two-hop path pattern maps the symptom to syndromes through the nature of disease,etiology,and pathomechanism to support the diagnostic reasoning.Considering the different support strengths for the knowledge paths in reasoning,we design a dynamic weight mechanism.We utilize Naïve Bayes and TF-IDF to implement the reasoning method and the weighted score calculation.The proposed method reasons the syndrome results by calculating the possibility according to the weighted score of the path in the knowledge graph based on the reasoning path patterns.We evaluate the method with clinical records and clinical practice in hospitals.The preliminary results suggest that the method achieves high performance and can help TCM doctors make better diagnosis decisions in practice.Meanwhile,the method is robust and explainable under the guide of the knowledge graph.It could help TCM physicians,especially primary physicians in rural areas,and provide clinical decision support in clinical practice.

Role of traditional Chinese medicine in the initiative practice for health

To achieve awareness of the initiative practice for health concept in the Chinese population,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)doctors should popularize TCM culture and knowledge among young people,people with a low level of education,in low-income populations,and in rural populations.

Tacit Knowledge Mining:The Key Traditional Chinese Medical Inheritance

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is a treasure of traditional Chinese culture and a gift to the world.TCM tacit knowledge refers to the knowledge and experiences formed in the process of learning and practice of TCM.The objective of this study is to discuss the importance of TCM tacit knowledge in the inheritance and education of TCM.As the essence of the TCM,TCM tacit knowledge has the characteristics of massive,complicated,relativistic,highly individualized,constantly innovative,the dependence of cultural background and the regional environment,as well as difficult to explicate.It exists in every aspect of the TCM theory and the process of dialectical treatment.Besides the traditional master‑apprentice,family‑based,school‑based,and inheritance and education methods,together with the inheritance based on the books,images,and network platforms,in the process of TCM modernization,a variety of modern theoretical models and computing techniques have also been used in the mining of the TCM tacit knowledge.In this study,we introduced the usage of SECI model,complexity adaptive system,latent variable model,and some of the data mining technologies in the TCM tacit knowledge mining.An accurate and efficient inheritance of TCM tacit knowledge is the key to maintain the vitality and innovative development of TCM.Under the reasonable application and combination of the traditional education methods,modern mining methods,and further the artificial intelligence,the explicit and inheritance of TCM tacit knowledge will get tremendous development,and it could extremely improve the efficiency and accuracy of the TCM inheritance and the TCM modernization.

Dissemination of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Germany from an Intercultural Perspective: A Brief Introduction of Franz Hübotter

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is the cultural heritage of all humankind.TCM not only embodies the cultural crystallization of the region and the nation,but also performs the important mission of curing the lives,saving the sick and maintaining the health of the people.In the history of the spread of Chinese medicine to the West,foreign missionaries have played an important role,and researches about this role have continued in China.In the history of Chinese medicine in Germany,there is a pivotal figure named Franz Hübotter(1881-1967),who broke through the deadlock in the academic research of Chinese medicine in the 19th century in Germany,but the discussion on his contribution has been comparatively rare in China.His works and translations are not only of medical value,but are also valuable historically,culturally,and socially.The historical development of TCM has the authenticity of history,the integrity of the environment,and the richness of the times.Medical experts have explored and verified the value of medicine.Translators and scholars are mainly concerned with the dissemination of knowledge from an intercultural perspective.This paper provides a primitive and objective introduction to Franz Hübotter,hoping to trigger off the secondary research among scholars of different professional backgrounds and to expand professional thinking,and then get over the barriers of disciplines.

A brief overview of traditional Chinese medicine prescription powered by artificial intelligence

Traditional Chinese medicine prescription is one of the treasures of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).There are tens of thousands TCM prescriptions accumulated in the past thousands of years,corresponding to different diseases,symptoms and therapeutic goals.The correspondences are so complicated that there is an urgent need to leverage new technologies such as artificial intelligence(AI)to analyze,understand and utilize them effectively.In this paper,we present a brief overview of this direction,where current research progress on TCM prescription powered by AI is summarized.Our summarization focuses on three aspects,TCM prescription mining that aims at understanding the TCM prescription,TCM prescription or herb knowledge base construction that aims at extracting knowledge to support the TCM prescription-related study,and TCM prescription discovery that aims at utilizing AI technologies to further energize TCM.It is encouraging to see that steady progress in this direction has been made recently.Besides,a toy experiment on image-based TCM herb recognition by using convolutional neural networks is also conducted.It basically verifies that it is promising to use AI technologies to address challenging tasks in TCM.We also point out several research topics that could be cooperatively performed by researchers from the two disciplines.

Community nurses＇ knowledge need toward traditional chinese medicine and related factors in China： A cross-sectional survey

目的：研究在社区卫生中心工作的护士对传统中医药的知识需求，并探讨我国当前形势的相关因素。主题与背景：参与者在北京朝阳区的五个社区卫生中心工作，每个社区卫生中心包括4．7个卫生站。使用整群抽样对218名注册社区护士进行了问卷调查。调查是在获得每位参与者的知情同意后进行的。设计：本研究采用描述性横截面设计来收集数据。研究工具：调查工具为中医及相关领域专家设计的5分Likert型问卷，具有良好的表面效度和内部一致性。结果：中医护理技术得分最高（42．87±5．74）。其次是中医的疾病预防（21．02±2．67）。中草药的平均得分最低（15．03±2．77）。护士对中医知识需求的显著相关因素有教育背景（P〈0．05），工作单位（P〈0．01），“中医在职培训”（P〈0．01）和“药”（P〈0．05）。结论：这个结果表明，在社区护理工作的护士希望更多地了解中医。提高社区护士对中医的认识和学习能促进社区中医护理技术的应用和推广。因此，我们可以采取有针对性的社区护士教育，以满足他们的知识需求，并促进中医知识在社区的应用。

Visual Analysis of Application and Development Trend of Agarwood Based on CiteSpace

The Chinese traditional medicine,agarwood,is a commonly used medicine for regulating qi,which has many clinical applications because of its unique curative effect.In this study,CiteSpace software was used to visually analyze the application and development trend of agarwood in the literature from CNKI website in the period of 2007-2022.The analysis results showed that the research on agarwood has basically formed core groups of authors,and universities and their affiliated hospitals are main publishing institutions.Moreover,in this study,several research directions of agarwood were also summarized,including clinical research,chemical composition,structural identification and quality standards,showing that agarwood has rich and flexible application prospects in many aspects.On this basis,several suggestions were put forward:strengthening the cooperation between universities and research institutes and building a scientific research cooperation community,and promoting the combination of clinical research and laboratory research.

An improved association-mining research for exploring Chinese herbal property theory: based on data of the Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica

Knowledge Discovery in Databases is gaining attention and raising new hopes for traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） researchers. It is a useful tool in understanding and deciphering TCM theories. Aiming for a better understanding of Chinese herbal property theory （CHPT）, this paper performed an improved association rule learning to analyze semistructured text in the book entitled Shennong＇s Classic of Materia Medica. The text was firstly annotated and transformed to well-structured multidimensional data. Subsequently, an Apriori algorithm was employed for producing association rules after the sensitivity analysis of parameters. From the confirmed 120 resulting rules that described the intrinsic relationships between herbal property （qi, flavor and their combinations） and herbal efficacy, two novel fundamental principles underlying CHPT were acquired and further elucidated： （1） the many-to-one mapping of herbal efficacy to herbal property; （2） the nonrandom overlap between the related efficacy of qi and flavor. This work provided an innovative knowledge about CHPT, which would be helpful for its modern research.

Aknowledge-guided and traditional Chinese medicine informed approach for herb recommendation

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is an interesting research topic in China’s thousands of years of history.With the recent advances in artificial intelligence technology,some researchers have started to focus on learning the TCM prescriptions in a data-driven manner.This involves appropriately recommending a set of herbs based on patients’symptoms.Most existing herb recommendation models disregard TCM domain knowledge,for example,the interactions between symptoms and herbs and the TCM-informed observations(i.e.,TCM formulation of prescriptions).In this paper,we propose a knowledge-guided and TCM-informed approach for herb recommendation.The knowledge used includes path interactions and co-occurrence relationships among symptoms and herbs from a knowledge graph generated from TCM literature and prescriptions.The aforementioned knowledge is used to obtain the discriminative feature vectors of symptoms and herbs via a graph attention network.To increase the ability of herb prediction for the given symptoms,we introduce TCM-informed observations in the prediction layer.We apply our proposed model on a TCM prescription dataset,demonstrating significant improvements over state-of-the-art herb recommendation methods.

Collecting Knowledge about Medicinal Ingredients in Northwestern Sichuan in the 1950s

This article explores China’s state-level knowledge production on medicinal ingredients in northwestern Sichuan in the 1950s.Drawing on county-level archives,published materials and interviews,this historical article traces how different levels of governments and state-owned trading companies produced knowledge about medicinal ingredients and its production.It argues that on one hand the state’s procurement standards codified the knowledge about medicinal ingredients from the marketplace and the local producers.On the other hand,direct extraction of knowledge from the medicine gatherers and cultivators verbalized and collected the previously tacit local knowledge about the production of medicinal ingredients,which would help to alleviate the shortage in the supply of traditional Chinese medicines throughout the 1950s.

基于CNKI和Web of Science数据库2012—2021年中药治疗乳腺癌的文献计量学分析

目的基于CNKI和Web of Science(WOS)数据库对2012—2021年中药治疗乳腺癌的文献进行计量学分析,分析中药治疗乳腺癌的研究现状及发展趋势。方法检索CNKI和WOS数据库2012年1月1日至2021年12月31日已发表的中药治疗乳腺癌的相关文献,运用文献计量学及CiteSpace 5.8.R1软件对研究作者、研究机构及关键词进行可视化分析。结果经筛选最终纳入960篇CNKI数据库文献、809篇WOS数据库文献。2012年以来,CNKI和WOS数据库中药治疗乳腺癌的发文数量总体呈上升趋势。CNKI和WOS数据库发文核心作者分别为32名和35名,占发文总人数的9.2%、9.7%。发文主要来源于中医药类院校及其附属医院,包括中国医科大学、北京中医药大学、上海中医药大学等。2012—2021年中药治疗乳腺癌的热点从早期的多药耐药、生存质量、互补治疗等临床相关研究,过渡至用药规律、网络药理学、数据挖掘、作用机制等多角度多方向。结论中药治疗乳腺癌研究应结合现代科学技术对其进行信息化、数字化和知识化研究,有助于研究人员探索研究的新方向,并确定该领域潜在合作的新视角。

基于关联规则的中医药知识发现——以肺病医案为例

[目的/意义]中医医案作为重要的医疗资源含有大量的数据与信息,深度挖掘中医医案,围绕医案内容进行知识发现,有利于隐性知识的发掘,提高中医临床诊疗的效率与医疗服务的精准性。[方法/过程]以实地肺病医案为数据源,基于统计分析与关联规则的方法对中医医案内容进行挖掘,以咳嗽为主证为出发点,挖掘相关中医用药规律与临床症状以及症—药规律,探究关联规则分析在中医药知识发现方面的创新应用。[结果/结论]本地治疗咳嗽的高频药物包括炙甘草、杏仁、半夏、川贝母、茯苓、陈皮等,舌诊症状以苔薄白、苔薄黄、舌红、舌暗红、有齿印等为常见。基于Apriori算法的关联规则分析显示常见的药物配伍为丹参,桔梗—炙甘草、柴胡,桔梗—炙甘草、前胡,枳壳—桔梗等;舌诊症状以薄淡黄—舌暗红、有齿印—舌暗红、苔薄腻淡黄—有齿印等组合为强关联组合,苔薄淡黄—舌暗红症状组合的强关联药物有桔梗、炙甘草、丹参、白前等。咳嗽患者的类型有外感咳嗽与内伤咳嗽,涉及风热证、痰湿证、阴虚证、肺气虚证、痰热壅肺证等证型。

中医药传统知识专门保护制度构建研究

中医药传统知识是中医药的核心内容,兼具卫生、经济、科技、文化、生态五重资源价值。目前中医药传统知识面临国外不当占有、盗用,国内传承、保护不力的双重困局,现行法律制度无法实现全面、系统保护,建立专门保护制度已成为必然选择。专门保护制度需要解决四个核心问题:对外防御侵占和不当占有,对内保护持有人权利并规范知识的获取与利用,化解持有人利益与社会公共利益之间的矛盾,处理与现行法律制度的衔接。在此基础上,提出构建中医药传统知识专门保护制度的四个机制,即阻却外国不当专利申请的防御机制、持有人权利保护机制、持有人利益与社会公共利益平衡机制、与现行法律制度的衔接机制,以更好促进中医药传统知识的保护、传承、创新、发展。

近十年中医药治疗三阴性乳腺癌研究的可视化分析-基于CiteSpace知识图谱

目的:从近十年三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)中医药研究文献中,探究其研究轨迹与发展动向。方法:在中国知网(CNKI)中对2013年1月1日至2023年12月1日的中医药领域TNBC治疗文献进行检索,利用CiteSpace 6.2软件从文献的关键词、作者及机构等方面进行可视化分析。结果:近十年中医药领域治疗TNBC文献发文量呈增长态势。合作网络关键词共线及聚类分析中发现,TNBC中医药研究主要聚焦在细胞凋亡、化疗、增殖、转移、免疫及生存质量方面,而分子对接是新出现的研究热点,突现分析提示细胞自噬是近五年出现的热点。文献发文量最多的作者是刘胜。发文量最多的研究机构是北京中医药大学。结论:关于TNBC的中医药研究处于上升阶段。目前研究热点主要集中在中医药应用提升TNBC患者免疫功能、提高生活质量、辅助化疗和细胞增殖凋亡机制。而分子对接和细胞自噬是新出现的研究前沿,值得进一步研究与挖掘。

中医药治疗宫腔粘连的CiteSpace可视化分析

目的探讨中医药治疗宫腔粘连的研究现状、热点及发展趋势。方法检索中国知网(CNKI)数据库获取2000年1月1日—2022年12月31日期间中医药治疗宫腔粘连的相关文献,对数据进行转换处理,以年发文量、文献作者、发文机构、关键词为节点,应用CiteSpace V(6.1.R3)软件进行可视化分析,绘制中医药治疗宫腔粘连的可视化知识图谱,并对关键词进行共现、聚类及突现分析。结果共纳入相关文献327篇,形成以尤昭玲教授为核心的研究团队,发文量最多的机构是湖南中医药大学,研究热点集中在病因病机、名医经验、中西医结合等方面,研究前沿与中药作用机制有关。结论中医药治疗宫腔粘连的研究逐年增多,研究更加深入细化,但研究者、研究机构之间缺乏合作,临床研究样本量还需扩大,中药作用机制研究有待进一步开展。

从知识管理角度探讨中医传承新模式

中医知识可分为显性知识和隐性知识两个部分,本文从知识管理角度,阐述了五种中医传承模式中显性知识与隐性知识组成,系统梳理了传统中医传承模式的优势与不足,并创新性地将SECI知识管理模型引入中医传承研究中,构建中医知识传承创新模式,通过隐性知识社会化、隐性知识外部化、显性知识组合化、显性知识内部化4个方面提出中医知识传承的新思路。该模式有助于实现中医传承中的显隐性知识循环转化,为中医传承事业的“创造性转化与创新性发展”提供借鉴方案。

2021年安徽省居民中医药健康文化知识普及情况及影响因素分析

目的 分析2021年安徽省居民中医药健康文化知识普及情况及其影响因素,为制定有针对性的中医科普政策提供科学依据。方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取安徽省2913名15~69岁常住居民进行入户问卷调查。结果 回收有效问卷2909份,有效率为99.86%。2021年安徽省居民中医药健康文化知识普及率为88.14%。不同人群中医药知识普及程度存在差异。以女性、农村和不识字/少识字人群为对照,男性(OR=1.320,95%CI=1.001~1.740)、城市(OR=1.623,95%CI=1.246~2.114)、大专/本科及以上(OR=18.965,95%CI=8.531~42.161)居民的中医药健康文化知识普及水平更高。性别、城乡分布和文化程度是居民中医药健康文化知识普及的独立影响因素。结论 应根据群体特征制定有针对性的中医健康教育与健康促进策略,加强重点地区、重点人群的中医药健康文化普及工作,同时注重完善中医药科普的内容与传播途径,以提高中医药健康素养水平,发扬中医的重要作用。