企业技术创新中隐性知识分享的探讨

在经济全球化发展的今天,技术创新成为企业获取竞争优势和持续发展的根本途径。技术创新作为典型的知识性活动,在技术创新过程中的知识分享特别是隐性知识的分享,成为企业技术创新能力提升和积淀保证。文章根据隐性知识的特性和知识分享过程的影响因素进行了探讨,并由此提出了建立分享机制的具体措施。

TACITE用于油气混输管线

在油气田采气管线和集气管网系统中,广泛采用的是油气混输工艺。此段管道中的多相流会产生瞬变,对管网造成极大的危害。因此有必要开展瞬态效应研究,对管道的瞬态过程进行仿真模拟计算,了解瞬态变化规律,掌握此过程中压力、流量和流型等变化情况。TA-CITE软件是基于漂移流模型,在"白箱"理论基础上建立,能有效地模拟管道中的瞬态变化,在油气田应用广泛,其计算结果与实际符合程度较高,可用于分析管道瞬态规律的变化。

苏里格气田集输管线清管过程瞬态模拟

对清管过程中的两相流流体特征的研究有助于管线及上下游设备的设计及操作。为此,采用稳态Barua模型与具有较好组分追踪功能的TACITE编码瞬态模型对苏里格气田集气管线清管操作中两相流瞬时流动规律进行了研究,重点分析了通球过程中流型、液体流量、压力、清管速率及天然气水合物堵塞等工况的变化规律。结果表明:由于清管过程中地形起伏较大,流体出现了多种流型,液体流量与压力沿程波动较大;清管器速度在上升管段和下降管段的凹凸结合处由于前后压差的明显变化会发生较大的改变。通过对管道总持液量变化的分析,获取了清管后各阀组管线恢复稳态的时间。采用瞬态分析方法对清管器运行中温度变化研究的结论表明:各阀组在清管过程中没有天然气水合物的形成。进一步验证了清管节流理论的正确性。

苏里格气田井下节流综合预测

传统井下节流工艺通常采用图版法、简化模型或焓熵图图解法来求解节流降温过程,这些算法都缺乏通用性和计算的连续性。为此,应用TACITE稳态模型分别结合Perkins和Fortunati节流模型对苏里格气田井下节流过程的温度、压力变化进行模拟,并采用NETOPT网络优化模型对井下节流器的内径进行预测优化,同时采用多种模型对井下节流过程进行井下节流敏感性分析、天然气水合物抑制效果预测和流体临界状态判断。模拟结果与现场实测数据比较表明:多种预测模型的综合运用可较好地对井下节流过程的压力、温度、节流器内径等节流参数进行预测模拟,为该气田井下节流工艺提供了可靠的预测手段;井下节流可较好地简化井口流程并改善井筒天然气水合物的形成条件;马赫数临界判定方法对井下节流流体临界状态的判定要比理论临界压力比判定方法更严格、准确。

Systematic research on enterprise knowledge management

Entering 21st century, knowledge has already become the most important strategic resource for enterprises. The key factors of keeping continuous competitive advantages for an enterprise are the abilities of knowledge management and knowledge innovations. Enterprise knowledge management is a new subject with great theoretical meaning and actual meaning. From a new angle, guided by systematic viewpoint, this paper analyses deeply and explores synthetically enterprise knowledge management as a complicated system problem by doing the following:Defining the implication of enterprise knowledge management;Analyzing three kinds of the key elements in enterprise knowledge management and the interaction relations among the elements;Proposing and probing into the structure of enterprise knowledge management. Considers the structure as the open dynamic network structure with multidimensional space. Through drawing the state chart of key elements, analyzes the functions of enterprise knowledge management; Proposing and studying the interaction mechanisms between three kinds of the key elements and enterprise knowledge management. On the basis of all above analyses, aiming at the conditions and problems of enterprise knowledge management in our country, this paper probes into the main countermeasures of knowledge management that should be adopted by the enterprises of our country.

Exploiting Distributed Cognition to Make Tacit Knowledge Explicating

Distributed cognition is a new development trend of cognitivism, and is also a new research field of knowledge manage- ment. The study discusses that tacit knowledge explicating activity is a distributed cognitive activity, whose success depends on interaction of each of these factors in distributed cognitive system and none of the factor could be neglected. Further, the study exploits distributed cognition to explore how to design these factors in the system so that tacit knowledge explicating can be accomplished successfully.

苏里格气田苏10井区清管工艺的研究与应用

对清管过程中的两相流流体特征的研究有利于管道及上下游设备的操作与设计。现采用稳态Barua模型与具有较好组分追踪功能的动态分析TACITE编码对苏里格气田苏10井区的"枝上枝"布站中集气管道清管操作中两相流瞬时流动规律进行研究。对两种模型的模拟结果进行了对比分析,并重点分析了通球过程中清管压力、压差及清管速率等工况变化规律的计算结果。通过现场实践表明该方法得到的结果较保守,现场可将稳态模型与动态模拟结合使用,可起到较好的指导作用。

Tacit Knowledge Mining:The Key Traditional Chinese Medical Inheritance

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is a treasure of traditional Chinese culture and a gift to the world.TCM tacit knowledge refers to the knowledge and experiences formed in the process of learning and practice of TCM.The objective of this study is to discuss the importance of TCM tacit knowledge in the inheritance and education of TCM.As the essence of the TCM,TCM tacit knowledge has the characteristics of massive,complicated,relativistic,highly individualized,constantly innovative,the dependence of cultural background and the regional environment,as well as difficult to explicate.It exists in every aspect of the TCM theory and the process of dialectical treatment.Besides the traditional master‑apprentice,family‑based,school‑based,and inheritance and education methods,together with the inheritance based on the books,images,and network platforms,in the process of TCM modernization,a variety of modern theoretical models and computing techniques have also been used in the mining of the TCM tacit knowledge.In this study,we introduced the usage of SECI model,complexity adaptive system,latent variable model,and some of the data mining technologies in the TCM tacit knowledge mining.An accurate and efficient inheritance of TCM tacit knowledge is the key to maintain the vitality and innovative development of TCM.Under the reasonable application and combination of the traditional education methods,modern mining methods,and further the artificial intelligence,the explicit and inheritance of TCM tacit knowledge will get tremendous development,and it could extremely improve the efficiency and accuracy of the TCM inheritance and the TCM modernization.

苏里格气田集输管道段塞流的动态预测

苏里格气田地面环境恶劣,由于地形起伏变化较大,在集输管道中极易形成段塞流,造成管路的不稳定振动。如何准确预测管道系统段塞流的形成对高效开发苏里格气田具有非常重要的意义。现采用TACITE软件对苏-10井区集气阀组管道的正常投产和通球情况下的段塞流进行预测,并采用PIPEFLO软件对其结果进行验证,结果表明:TACITE计算结果比PIPEFLO计算结果较保守。经预测,在苏-10井区由于地形变化大产生了地形段塞流,流体在流动过程中流型等流动特性发生了变化。流体经上凹肘部时会产生段塞积液,引起不稳定的振动现象,导致液体出流;流体经上凸肘部时,由于流动特性变化,段塞流可能存在或消失。在通球过程中,由于清管器的运行,使管道各点出现超高压力值,应引起注意。

Construction and Application of Cloud Computing Model for Reciprocal and Collaborative Knowledge Management

Promoting the co-constructing and sharing of organizational knowledge and improving organizational performance have always been the core research subject of knowledge management.Existing research focuses on the construction of knowledge management systems and knowledge sharing and transfer mechanisms.With the rapid development and application of cloud computing and big data technology,knowledge management is faced with many problems,such as how to combine with the new generation of information technology,how to achieve integration with organizational business processes,and so on.To solve such problems,this paper proposes a reciprocal collaborative knowledge management model(RCKMmodel)based on cloud computing technology,reciprocity theory,and collaboration technology.RCKM model includes project group management and cloud computing technology,which can realize management,finance,communication,and quality assurance of multiple projects and solve the problem of business integration with knowledge management.This paper designs evaluation methods of tacit knowledge and reciprocity preference based on the Bayesian formula and analyzes their effect with simulation data.The methods can provide quantitative support for the integration of knowledge management and business management to realize reciprocity and collaboration in the RCKM model.The research found that RCKM model can fully use cloud computing technology to promote the integration of knowledge management and organizational business,and the evaluation method based on the Bayesian formula can provide relatively accurate data support for the evaluation and selection of project team members.

Personal Tacit Knowledge and Global Learning Professional Competencies—Multi-Dimensional Relationships

Global learning professional competencies (GLPCs) are essential for college students to be able to address the impact of globalization in the 21st century. Organizations and society-at-large look to higher education to prepare college students with GLPCs. In addition, there is a body of literature that suggest personal tacit knowledge enhance GLPCs. However, researchers have done little from an empirical perspective to determine the relationship between the use of P-T K and enhancement of GLPCs, hence the purpose of this study. The statistical results revealed significant correlations, p st century knowledge society through use of P-T K.

Protocol Based Approach for Tacit to Explicit Knowledge Conversion

In the knowledge management domain, the conversion of tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge is critical because it is a prerequisite to the knowledge amplification process wherein knowledge becomes part of an organization＇s knowledge network. Although codified knowledge and its capture is commonplace, tacit knowledge has up until recent years proved elusive in its inclusion within the organization＇s knowledge base. In this paper, the conversion process has been dealt with the help of protocols. It is learned that while structure may significantly improve the tacit to explicit conversion process, it also may matter how the structure is employed. It is anticipated that eventual successful modeling of such knowledge will ultimately be undertaken in several organizations with a view to improving information capture and transference.

Experienced College Instructors＇ Personal Epistemology in Teaching Social Studies and Their Perception of Using Technology

Experience includes explicit and tacit knowledge. Explicit knowledge is from a person＇s ＂espoused theory＂ which is what a person believes and claims to follow. Tacit knowledge is from a person＇s ＂theory-in-use＂ which lies behind a person＇s action or behavior. The knowledge of teaching demonstrated in the classroom can be referred to as tacit knowledge or theory-in-use which is often the theory behind the practice of experienced teachers. Freema Elbaz （1983） points out that the ＂experience＂ is referred to as ＂practical knowledge＂, which ＂provides the basis for a conceptualization which sees the teacher as possessing valuable resources＂ （6） and allows teachers to explicitly indicate and tacitly demonstrate their experience in teaching. The purpose of the study is to investigate how experienced college instructors apply their good teaching qualities to teaching social studies. The participants are three experienced college instructors teaching social studies. A concept map and a final reflection are used to elicit experienced instructors＇ personal epistemology in teaching social studies and their perception of technology use in the classroom. Each participant was asked to generate nine good teaching qualities and draw their concept map based on the nine qualities. Their concept maps reflected their theory-in-use and showed the relationship among their teaching qualities by displaying them together in a graphic form and how each teaching quality is connected to another. Participants＇ technology use was also explored to get their perception of the role of technology and their actual use of it in teaching. Then they were asked to validate their concept map data and reflect on their classroom teaching and use of technology. The findings show the three instructors taught under different schema and decided what their means and ends should be and how technology can help facilitate teaching and learning. However, most of them seemed to treat the content （e.g., democracy education） as their ends and thus used pedagogy （e.g., technology） as the means to reach the ends. Their technology use also reflected their perception of technology in teaching and revealed their limited understanding of technology integration, which leads to potential problems.

Sino-US “Major Consensus”:Past and Future

"Major Consensus"between China and the United States during the Past 35 Years The so-called"major consensus"refers to the tacit understanding and agreement between the two countries on a series of fundamental strategic issues.These fundamental strategic issues include which kind of country they expect their own to become,what means they would adopt in order

Research on Explicit and Tacit Knowledge Interaction in Software Process Improvement Project

This research develops a knowledge model for Software Process Improvement (SPI) project based on knowledge creation theory and its twenty-four measurement items, and proposes two hypothesizes about the interaction of explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge in SPI. Eleven factors are extracted through statistical analysis. Three knowledge-creation practices for capturing tacit knowledge contribute greatly to SPI, which are communication among members, crossover collaboration in practical work and pair programming. Two knowledge-creation practices for capturing explicit knowledge have significant positive impact on SPI, which are integrating project document and on-the-job training. Ultimately, suggestions for improvement are put forward, that is, encouraging communication among staff and integrating documents in real time, and future research is also illustrated.

Social Work in Light of Jane Addams

Classics of literature and science may characteristically be read anew outside their time and interest area, giving birth to new insights, lane Addams is one such classic author. Her writings can be read as classic texts that educate readers in the discipline of social work, among other things. Her impact on the beginnings of modern social work is foundational. She contributed to radical changes on basis of thought, understanding, and practice in the field. Many have read her texts and written about her, resulting in multiple perspectives. The authors will highlight some relevant areas ripe to be re-examined in our time.

Insights From the Philosophical Reception of Michael Polanyi in Italy

Is there a national philosophy?It is hard to answer the question definitively,beyond mainstream philosophical currents and a supposed particular tradition.Beyond an invisible boundary,today,academic research is also defined by its international and interdisciplinary dimension.Although it is possible to argue about certain specificities,the interaction between different national traditions and distant scientific areas can be fruitful(and these parameters are also required in the case of research funding).One can take an example of the reception of Michael Polanyi’s epistemology in Italy,starting from a brief reference to the Italian tradition and its renewed interest thanks to the Italian Thought.Therefore,in this paper,I will try to consider Polanyi’s epistemology through his relations with Italian intellectuals and the dissemination of his writings in Italy.In the end,I will verify the potential contribution of Polanyian personal epistemology in three philosophical and social issues addressed in Italy.

Managing the Experience in IT R&D Department

How to manage the experience in IT R＆D department is vital for the IT company. The primary purpose of this paper is to probe into the natural character of the experience in IT R＆D department, and put forward the strategy of how to manage it. The research on the strategies is applied in a mobile phone game software company to further validate its efficiency. The results indicate using the strategies of ＂a learning history＂ and ＂dynamic knowledge map＂ can improve the performance level and more attentions should focus on the relationship between people and how to communicate.

“tacit”知识究竟指什么?——波兰尼思想核心探秘

较为全面、系统分析了波兰尼思想核心的tacit知识,考察了当代西方学术界对tacit知识的认识,分析我国对此"一词多译"的现象,提出了规范这一范畴的中文译法的意见。

CONNECTING INFORMAL NETWORKS TO MANAGEMENT OF TACIT KNOWLEDGE

The relationship between tacit knowledge and informal networks has not been fully explored. Tacit knowledge cannot be well managed directly, because it is deeply embedded in individual actions and experiences. This study proposes an approach to managing informal networks as a new middle way to facilitate the sharing and transferring of tacit knowledge, owing to the fact that tacit knowledge is mostly shared and transferred through informal networks. To support the idea of the approach, an empirical case study of applying the approach to management of a large scientific project is also included. Our findings suggest that informal networks play essential roles for management of tacit knowledge, and thus good management of informal networks can lead to efficient sharing and transferring of tacit knowledge.