The objective was to visualize a variety of marine bacteriophage and identify unique structural features that set them apart from terrestrial phages. Phages were plaque isolated and characterized using atomic force mi...The objective was to visualize a variety of marine bacteriophage and identify unique structural features that set them apart from terrestrial phages. Phages were plaque isolated and characterized using atomic force microscopy. Bacteriophage infecting cyanobacteria synechococcus that exhibits a novel structural feature not previously reported for any other phages were observed. These cyanophages have up to four, 450 nm long, multi-stranded, complex helical fibers that emanate from either the base plate and/or the collar of the phage particle, origins of shorter fibers on well-studied phages such as T4. The flexible fibers terminate at their distal ends in multiple bulbs of diameter 30 nm composed of 20 to 30 closely associated proteins. Bulbs form one of two distinctive patterns, or tassels. Most commonly, the arrangement is a 3 + 1 pattern of three consecutive bulbs at the very end with a forth lying upstream, separated from the terminal three by a gap of 135 nm. In other populations the fibers terminate in 5 consecutive bulbs. It is proposed that the novel appendages may be involved in host cell searching and recognition in a marine environment.展开更多
尾矿的力学性能是影响尾矿坝稳定性的关键因素,玄武岩纤维的长度及掺量对磷尾矿力学性能的影响显著。本试验结合多级电压加载的电渗工艺,研究了长度为6、12、18 mm的玄武岩纤维,在不同掺量下磷尾矿的力学性能表现,并探讨了纤维改良机理...尾矿的力学性能是影响尾矿坝稳定性的关键因素,玄武岩纤维的长度及掺量对磷尾矿力学性能的影响显著。本试验结合多级电压加载的电渗工艺,研究了长度为6、12、18 mm的玄武岩纤维,在不同掺量下磷尾矿的力学性能表现,并探讨了纤维改良机理。结果表明,相较单一电渗改良,掺入玄武岩纤维后磷尾矿的力学性能显著提升;同一长度纤维对尾矿力学性能的改良效果随掺量增加未单调提高,存在最优掺量区间;6、12、18 mm 3种长度纤维的最优掺量分别为2.2%、1.4%、1.1%左右;纤维提升尾矿性能是通过与尾矿颗粒相互胶结以形成团聚体和网格结构,进而增大试样的摩擦强度来实现,但过量掺入会形成孔洞,反而降低其力学性能。展开更多
文摘The objective was to visualize a variety of marine bacteriophage and identify unique structural features that set them apart from terrestrial phages. Phages were plaque isolated and characterized using atomic force microscopy. Bacteriophage infecting cyanobacteria synechococcus that exhibits a novel structural feature not previously reported for any other phages were observed. These cyanophages have up to four, 450 nm long, multi-stranded, complex helical fibers that emanate from either the base plate and/or the collar of the phage particle, origins of shorter fibers on well-studied phages such as T4. The flexible fibers terminate at their distal ends in multiple bulbs of diameter 30 nm composed of 20 to 30 closely associated proteins. Bulbs form one of two distinctive patterns, or tassels. Most commonly, the arrangement is a 3 + 1 pattern of three consecutive bulbs at the very end with a forth lying upstream, separated from the terminal three by a gap of 135 nm. In other populations the fibers terminate in 5 consecutive bulbs. It is proposed that the novel appendages may be involved in host cell searching and recognition in a marine environment.
文摘尾矿的力学性能是影响尾矿坝稳定性的关键因素,玄武岩纤维的长度及掺量对磷尾矿力学性能的影响显著。本试验结合多级电压加载的电渗工艺,研究了长度为6、12、18 mm的玄武岩纤维,在不同掺量下磷尾矿的力学性能表现,并探讨了纤维改良机理。结果表明,相较单一电渗改良,掺入玄武岩纤维后磷尾矿的力学性能显著提升;同一长度纤维对尾矿力学性能的改良效果随掺量增加未单调提高,存在最优掺量区间;6、12、18 mm 3种长度纤维的最优掺量分别为2.2%、1.4%、1.1%左右;纤维提升尾矿性能是通过与尾矿颗粒相互胶结以形成团聚体和网格结构,进而增大试样的摩擦强度来实现,但过量掺入会形成孔洞,反而降低其力学性能。
