Applications of online monitoring technology for tailings dam on digital mine

Considering its structural features, geometric shapes, service mode, environmental media, mechanical behavior, etc, the special nature and complexity of tailings dam were summarized. The technical approach to safety management for tailings dam was proposed, which is the on-line automated monitoring and early warning information. The results show that a strong theoretical basis can be provided for security monitoring and security management of tailings dam. Online automated monitoring system for tailings dam has full implementation of the information. It is applied widely in Lingnan gold mine, Xiadian gold mine and Hedong gold mine in Zhaoyuan, Shandong Province, and achieves good effect.

Monitoring technique for seepage line of tailings dam

An automatic monitoring technique of the seepage line, including the monitoring design, the automatic monitoring system and the backfill technique of the measuring probe of pore-water pressure, was used in a tailings dam, and a shallow refractive seismic method was investigated for obtaining the seepage line of those areas outside the monitoring zone. The results show that the automatic monitoring has the error within ±3% relative to piezometric tube method and improves monitoring efficiency greatly, and the shallow refractive seismic method has the error within ±10% but expands the area of monitoring. Both of them can be used for a daily measurement in monitoring the seepage line. The result of the automatic monitoring also shows that not only the design of the survey line and the backfill technique of the measuring probe of pore-water pressure are reasonable and economic but also the reliability and safety of the automatic monitoring system are better. Testing result by the shallow refractive seismic method in tailings reveals that the energy excited by hammering iron sheet-pole is strong enough and safe, and that the character of anti-jamming by the detectors with long tailcone is better.

Genetic Regression Model for Dam Safety Monitoring

Under-fitting problems usually occur in regression models for dam safety monitoring.To overcome the local convergence of the regression, a genetic algorithm (GA) was proposed using a real parameter coding, a ranking selection operator, an arithmetical crossover operator and a uniform mutation operator, and calculated the least-square error of the observed and computed values as its fitness function. The elitist strategy was used to improve the speed of the convergence. After that, the modified genetic algorithm was applied to reassess the coefficients of the regression model and a genetic regression model was set up. As an example, a slotted gravity dam in the Northeast of China was introduced. The computational results show that the genetic regression model can solve the under-fitting problems perfectly.

Numerical analysis and geophysical monitoring for stability assessment of the Northwest tailings dam at Westwood Mine

The Westwood Mine aims to reuse the tailings storage facility #1(TSF #1) for solid waste storage, but,downstream of the Northwest dike is considered critical in terms of stability. This paper uses numerical modeling along with geophysical monitoring for assessing the Northwest dike stability during the restoration phase. The impact of waste rock deposition in the upstream TSF #1 is considered. The geophysical monitoring is based on electrical resistivity methods and was used to investigate the internal structure of the dike embankment in different deposition stages. The numerical simulations were performed with SLOPE/W code. The results show a factor of safety well above the minimum recommended value of 1.5. Geophysical monitoring revealed a vertical variation in the electrical resistivity across the dike, which indicates a multilayer structure of the embankment. Without any current in situ data, the geophysical monitoring helped estimating the nature of the materials used and the internal structure of the embankment. These interpretations were validated by geological observation of geotechnical log of the embankment. Based on this study, it is recommended that the water polishing pond be partly filled before waste rock is deposited in TSF #1. In addition, to ensure the stability of the dike, the piezometric head monitoring prior to and during waste rock deposition is recommended.

Safety evaluation of replacement reinforcement quality in abutment contact zones of ultra-high arch dam in first impoundment period based on prototype monitoring

Reinforcement quality evaluation at the abutment is an important research direction. Prototype monitoring and theoretical derivation were integrated to study the replacement reinforcement quality in abutment contact zones of the Xiaowan ultra-high arch dam. The principles of monitoring layout and design are introduced in detail. Prototype monitoring shows that the increment of the interfacial compressive stress is much larger in the impoundment stage than in the regulating stage. The water pressure and time-effect are two main factors affeeting the interfacial stress. The time-effect is the key factor in the initial impoundment stage, and the water pressure is the key factor after impoundment. The contact properties are significantly improved by grouting. This study shows that there are three typical stages in the joint opening hydrographs, namely the compression stage, opening stage, and stable stage. There is a nonlinear relationship between the joint opening and temperature, which can be well described by the S-function. In conclusion, the reinforcement effect is satisfying, and the abutment is safe.

Multi-dimensional database design and implementation of dam safety monitoring system

To improve the effectiveness of dam safety monitoring database systems, the development process of a multi-dimensional conceptual data model was analyzed and a logic design wasachieved in multi-dimensional database mode. The optimal data model was confirmed by identifying data objects, defining relations and reviewing entities. The conversion of relations among entities to external keys and entities and physical attributes to tables and fields was interpreted completely. On this basis, a multi-dimensional database that reflects the management and analysis of a dam safety monitoring system on monitoring data information has been established, for which factual tables and dimensional tables have been designed. Finally, based on service design and user interface design, the dam safety monitoring system has been developed with Delphi as the development tool. This development project shows that the multi-dimensional database can simplify the development process and minimize hidden dangers in the database structure design. It is superior to other dam safety monitoring system development models and can provide a new research direction for system developers.

Research on the Seepage Safety Monitoring Indexes of the High Core Rockfill Dam

The study on developing the reasonable safety monitoring indexes plays a most importantly role in the health monitoring of high core rockfill dams. However, researches on this topic are relatively scarce both at home and abroad. In this paper, the characteristics and failure modes of seepage in high core rockfill dam are analyzed firstly. Then, a safety monitoring index based on seepage quantity, which reflects the overall seepage behavior, is developed, using the real-time monitoring data and its safety monitoring model. Moreover, another safety monitoring index based on seepage gradient, reflecting the local seepage behavior, is proposed, combining the spatial layout of osmo- meters and local failure mechanisms of core wall. Additionally, one more safety monitoring index based on permeability coefficient, which considers the overall and local seepage behaviors, is developed, on the basis of establishing the finite element analysis model and real-time seepage coefficient inversion analysis model of high core rockfill dam. A case study on these indexes of Nuozhadu high core rockfill dam is developed, which improves the reliability of seepage safety evaluation of the dam.

Usage and Benefit of an Overhead Line Monitoring System

Overhead lines are the backbone of the electrical power transmission.Contrary to the distributions networks,the transmission system consists only in exceptional cases of longer cable lines.Typical exceptions are connections of cavern power plants,approaches to airports or bird sanctuaries and lines in urban centres.In the majority of cases,an overhead line is the most economic and practicable solution for the energy transmission.In tourism regions,an overhead line will be seen as impairment of nature or landscape and so the approval chain and procedure is in most countries long-winded and circumstantial.At the other hand,the energy consumption in Europe is growing and the volatility of transmitted power is also increasing during the last decade caused by the opening of the electric energy market.This opening process leads to a stopping of the enlargement of the interoperation network and to a minimisation of the maintenance of existing lines.Today the network operates more often at the limit of the equipment and the small and large-areas disturbances and blackouts are increasing.The operators of transmission lines are forced to ensure the electrical power supply and so they have to improve the reliability of the network.One solution is to monitor the critical(heavy loaded)overhead lines.For example,with the knowledge of the thermal condition,the risk of unexpected outages can be reduced.Today several monitoring systems are available on the market.They differ in the principle and techniques of the condition evaluation.The three most interesting output variables are the line temperature,the capable transmission power and the actual sag of the investigated section.In this paper an overview of existing overhead line monitoring system and also an outline over the usage and benefit for the application will be given.Thermal monitoring is one technique to improve the reliability of the network and for increasing or optimising the capable transmission power.

关于加强水库大坝下游水位监测的认识与建议

下游水位监测是1级~5级水库大坝必设的安全监测项目,但在实际建设过程中常常被忽视或误解,不利于充分发挥监测系统作用。通过设置下游水位监测,可以确定准确完整的坝体浸润线位置,支撑智慧水利建设;定量分析监测断面的防渗效果与渗流安全性态,提高渗流安全监测资料分析深度;为大坝渗流计算提供可靠的重要边界条件参数,提升渗流计算成果可靠性与准确性。下游水位监测对大坝安全监测以及大坝安全管理至关重要,建议有条件的水库补充设置下游水位监测,进一步完善大坝安全监测系统。

渗漏入口大小及形状对拟流场法渗漏探测的影响研究

为深入研究渗漏入口大小及形状对拟流场法渗漏探测的影响规律,通过构建堤坝渗漏数值模型,模拟了拟流场法在实际工程中的探测情况。研究了水库拟流场的基本分布特征,揭示了不同大小及形状的渗漏入口附近的电流密度分布规律,并提出了不同大小及形状的渗漏入口在平行于坝轴线和平行于坝面垂直于坝轴线两个方向上拟流场影响范围及电流密度峰值的经验公式。结果表明:线状渗漏入口的电流密度比相同面积圆形渗漏入口的电流密度小,且线状渗漏入口短边影响范围比相同长度的圆形渗漏入口大,长边影响范围比相同长度的圆形渗漏入口小。研究揭示了渗漏入口大小及形状对测线上电流密度分布的影响规律,可为实际工程探测中利用测线上的电流密度分布情况判断渗漏入口大小与形状提供依据。

Singular value diagnosis in dam safety monitoring effect values

Based on the principal component analysis, principal components that have major influence on data variance are determined by the energy percentage method according to the correlation between monitoring effects. Then principal components are extracted through reconstructing multi effects. Moreover, combining with the optimal estimation theory, the method of singular value diagnosis in dam safety monitoring effect values is proposed. After dam monitoring information matrix is obtained, single effect state estimation matrix and multi effect fusion estimation matrix are constructed to make diagnosis on singular values to reduce false alarm rate. And the diagnosis index is calculated by PCA. These methods have already been applied to an actual project and the result shows the ability of the monitoring effect reflecting dam evolution behavior is improved as dam safety monitoring effect fusion estimation can take accurate identification on singular values and achieve data reduction, filter out noise and lower false alarm rate effectively.

Long-term dam safety monitoring of Punt dal Gall arch dam in Switzerland

The 130m high Punt dal Gall dam is located at the Swiss-Italian border in the South-eastern part of Switzerland and was completed in 1969.The dam is founded on highly folded and partially crushed dolomite and limestone formations.A grout curtain with an area of 120,000m^(2) was provided for controlling seepage.For the monitoring of the dam deformations five inverted pendulums were installed in the dam and three in the rock foundation of the right abutment outside of the dam.For a seasonal water level fluctuation in the reservoir of about 60 m the maximum amplitude of the radial displacement is 25 mm,which includes both the effects of the water load and temperature effects.Furthermore a comprehensive geodetic network was established,57 joint meters were installed and cracks in the crest gallery are monitored by crack meters.There are also thermometers,piczometers and rocmeters.Springs at the left and fight banks of the dam are monitored and chemical analyses of the seepage water and springs are performed regularly.The dam is equipped with strong motion instruments and several near-field earthquakes have been recorded in the past.The paper describes the long-term safety monitoring of this 42 years old arch dam.A short description of the Swiss practice in dam safety monitoring and emergency planning is also given.

Ill-conditioned problems of dam safety monitoring models and their processing methods

The focus of this paper is the ill-conditioned problems in the dam safety monitoring model. The reasons to give rise to the ill-conditioned problems in statistical models,deterministic models and hybrid models are analyzed in detail,and the criterions for ill-conditioned models are investigated. It is shown that safety monitoring models are not easy to be ill-conditioned if the number of influence factors is less than seven. Moreover,the models have a high accuracy and can meet the engineering requirements. Another frequently encountered problem in establishing a safety monitoring model is the existence of inflection points,which are often present in the mathematical model for the hydraulic components in deterministic models and hybrid models. The conditions for inflection points are studied and their treatments are suggested. Numerical example indicates that the treatments proposed in this paper are effective in removing the ill-conditioned problems.

基于改进随机森林的大坝监测数据质量评价算法

针对大坝安全监测数据质量评价效率低下、智慧化不足等难题,为了满足大坝高频率自动化采集的实时数据质量评价需要,从准确性、完整性、时效性和连续性4个方面出发提出了6项评价因子及由相关评价规范构成的安全监测历史数据质量评价标准,通过基于AUC值改进的随机森林算法建立了大坝安全监测历史数据质量评价算法,并将该算法应用于新疆柳树沟面板堆石坝多年安全监测历史数据评价。结果表明:通过AUC值改进的随机森林算法优于原始算法,在特征属性数量取3时效果最好,测试集的泛化误差最小仅为0.0195,平均准确率稳定在96.97%附近,10折交叉验证平均准确率达到97.77%,证明了该算法的可行性。

基于Vue.js+Django的大坝安全监测信息管理系统开发

随着大坝安全监测向自动化、智能化和高精度化发展,统一管理监测数据,提升系统的跨平台性、兼容性和易维性已成为提高大坝安全监测信息化管理水平的关键。归纳分析大坝安全监测常用的电阻式、差阻式、振弦式等传感器参数及监测变量信息,设计数据标准化导入模板。基于前后端分离开发模式,采用Vue.js+Django框架,运用RESTful API统一功能接口。开发集多类型数据源的导入、预处理、查询及报表快速生成等功能的信息管理系统,实现监测数据的集中规范化管理。研究成果已应用于某水电站,显著提高了大坝安全监测信息管理的效率,可在类似工程中推广应用。

大坝安全监测数据异常识别模型簇研究

监测数据异常识别是大坝运行安全在线监测的前提和基础。单一识别方法难以实现高效准确识别,而RREW模型对规律不佳与单台阶数据序列容易漏判且计算效率低。为此,提出了基于卷积神经网络的一维VGG数据异常识别模型,建立了由统计回归、稳健回归、一维VGG识别模型等模型库和Pauta准则、MZ准则等判别准则库共同构成的大坝安全数据异常识别模型簇,并构建了不同数据类型与异常识别模型及预警准则的匹配机制。工程校验表明:一维VGG模型对不同序列长度、不同台阶占比的数据序列均具有较好的识别效果,能有效弥补传统回归模型和稳健回归模型的不足,由前述3种模型及两种准则共同构建的异常识别模型簇可实现海量数据异常的在线精准、快速识别,为大坝安全在线监测提供可靠的数据支持。

基于VMD-KSVD字典学习降噪的大坝变形预测

提出一种自适应变分模态分解和KSVD字典学习相结合的降噪算法。该方法对监测序列分解后的子序列进行降噪,同时考虑残差序列的特征,从而充分保留监测序列中的有效信息。以某大坝变形监测数据为例进行测试,结果表明,该方法能够较好地保留监测序列中的有效信息,相较于传统的降噪算法更适用于复杂情况下的大坝变形预测,能进一步提高预测模型的泛化能力。

大坝安全监测数字孪生系统应用研究

针对传统大坝安全监测系统在海量数据管理、风险识别灵敏度及预警预报响应时效方面存在的不足,采用基于Revit的BIM技术与Three.js可视化技术,构造与原型高度相似的数字模型,通过有限元法迭代进行材料性能参数反演,进而分析得到大坝各部位运行性态;利用MySQL关系数据库技术、NEO4J图数据库技术、智能算法及微服务技术进行数据管理,构建包含完整监测信息的大坝数字孪生安全监测系统。通过嵌入的概率图模型进行大坝安全风险评估,实现大坝的在线监测、实时参数反演和安全风险评估,并对未来工况进行安全性态预测和预警。工程应用实践表明,系统在风险识别和预测预警的实时、高效、准确性等各方面都得到极大改进,显著提升了大坝安全管理效率与抵御风险的能力。可为同类型工程的安全监测系统提供借鉴。

基于LV-DBSCAN算法的大坝安全监测数据异常检测

大坝安全监测数据原始序列中常存在异常测值,极大影响了大坝安全监测资料分析的可靠性和准确性。为此,在分析异常值特性及传统异常检测方法优缺点的基础上,分别从局部与整体角度研究监测数据异常检测方法。首先针对多重局部异常系数法要求数据序列较长且数据等时间间距等缺陷,提出了局部变化异常系数法(LV)及局部方法与整体方法协同判别策略;进一步引入密度聚类算法(DBSCAN),提出了兼顾数据整体与局部特性的LV-DBSCAN异常检测方法。以某混凝土重力坝两垂线测点顺流向位移监测数据为实例,对比分析了不同方法在不同类型数据集上的检测精度。研究结果表明,所提LV-DBSCAN方法适用性更广,准确率更高,误判率更低。

黄土高原半干旱区淤地坝安全监测方法

[目的]监测黄土高原半干旱区淤地坝在汛期后形变程度,及时准确发现淤地坝的异常情况,为黄土高原半干旱区淤地坝安全监测提供更加科学可靠的技术方法。[方法]通过三维激光扫描仪对两座淤地坝进行扫描,由此得到高密度、高精度、连续完整的3D点云数据,然后将点云数据导入HD Scene软件进行点云预处理,最后通过Cloud Compare以及Geomagic Control软件进行建模对比分析。[结果]两期点云模型对比可以看出,东沟淤地坝模型大量点云的偏移量在0.05 cm以下,少量点云达到了最大偏移值0.2 cm。西沟淤地坝模型大量点云的偏移量在0.1 cm以下,极少量点云达到了最大偏移值0.4 cm。汛期降水量占全年的77.34%,汛期后两座淤地坝均会产生较小的坝体沉降和水平位移,但西沟淤地坝的形变受水压分量影响更为明显。[结论]将三维激光扫描技术应用于黄土高原半干旱区淤地坝安全监测,可以快速精准掌握淤地坝汛期后是否发生形变以及形变程度,使得淤地坝安全监测工作更加精准可靠。