Determination of Elastoplastic Mechanical Properties of the Weld and Heat Affected Zone Metals in Tailor-Welded Blanks by Nanoindentation Test

The elastoplastic mechanical properties of the weld and heat affected zone metals have comparatively major impact on the forming process of tailor-welded blanks. A few scholars investigated the elastoplastic mechanical properties of the weld and heat affected zone, but they only simply assumed that it was a uniform distribution elastoplastic material different from the base materials. Four types of tailor-welded blanks which consist of ST12 and 304 stainless steel plates are selected as the research objects, the elastoplastic mechanical properties of the tailor-welded blanks weld and heat affected zone metals are obtained based on the nanoindentation tests, and the Erichsen cupping tests are conducted by combining numerical simulation with physical experiment. The nanoindentation tests results demonstrate that the elastoplastic mechanical properties of the weld and heat affected zone metals are not only different from the base materials, but also varying between the weld metals and the heat affected zone metals. Comparing the Erichsen cupping test resulted from numerical with that from experimental method, it is found that the numerical value of Erichsen cupping test which consider the elastoplastic mechanical properties of the weld and heat affected zone metals have a good agreement with the experimental result, and the relative error is only 4.8%. The proposed research provides good solutions for the inhomogeneous elastoplastic mechanical properties of the tailor-welded blanks weld and heat affected zone metals, and improves the control performance of tailor-welded blanks forming accuracy.

Joint Performance for Laser Cutting-welding of Zinc-coated Tailored Blanks

The process of laser bull welding of zinc-coated steel（SGCD3 and WLZn）blanks was presented.whose edges were prepared by laser cutting.The properties of the butt joints.such as tensile strength.bending,stamping.weld shape,and corrosion-resisant were tested.The experiments of laser cutting and welding were carried ont on a custom-made system designed.which is a set of equipment for wide sheet butt welding based on a laser cutting-welding combination process.The experiments proved the technological feasibility of laser butt welding for thin zinc coated steel sheets whose edges were prepared by laser cutting on the same equipment.

Research on microstructure and properties of boron/Q235 steel laser welded dissimilar joints under synchronous thermal field

The mechanical mismatch effect frequently occurs in the dissimilar materials welded joints, thus leading to plastic gradient at the interface between the weld and heat-affected zone(HAZ). In this work, the boron steel and Q235 steel were selected for laser tailor welding,which obtained boron/Q235 steel tailor-welded blanks(TWBs). The method of welding with synchronous thermal field(WSTF) was utilized to eliminate the mismatch effects in TWBs. The WSTF was employed to adjust cooling rates of welded joints, thereby intervening in the solidification behaviors and phase transition of the molten pool. Boron/Q235 steel was welded by laser under conventional and WSTF(300-600 ℃) conditions, respectively. The results show that the microstructure of weld and HAZ(boron) was adequately transitioned to ferrites and pearlites instead of abundant martensite by WSTF. Meanwhile, the discrepancy of microhardness and yield strength between various regions of welded joints was greatly reduced, and the overall plasticity of welded joints was enhanced by WSTF. It is indicated that WSTF can effectively contribute to reducing plastic gradient and achieving mechanical congruity in welded joints by restraining the generation of hardbrittle phase, which could significantly improve the formability of TWBs in subsequent hot stamping.

Analytical Models for the Design of High Strength Steel Tailor Welded Blanks

To further reduce the weight of tailor-welded blanks (TWBs) parts,the thicker material of conventional TWBs were replaced by high-strength steel (HSS).However,designers need to determine the thickness of HSS sheet by trial and error,without theoretical foundation.In this paper,analytical models were developed to predict the thickness or the mechanical parameters of HSS sheet.In the case of limit dome height (LDH) tests,simulations and experiments were performed to verify the accuracy of the proposed models in terms of LDH and weld line movement.Comparison to numerical and experimental results demonstrates the accuracy of the methodology.The analytical models can predict the mechanical characteristics or the thickness of HSS sheet used in place of the thicker side of TWBs,which provide designers a valuable tool to design HSS TWBs.

重卡侧围内板不等厚激光拼焊板应用研究

研究不等厚激光拼焊板(DC04/0.8-1.5mm)的力学、硬度、金相、杯突及焊缝性能,同时基于某重卡驾驶室侧围内板制定不等厚激光拼焊板方案,对其进行冲压成型性仿真、零件试制验证和台架可靠性试验。结果表明:不等厚激光拼焊板材料力学性能、成型性能和焊接质量满足要求;不等厚激光拼焊侧围内板零件力学性能、尺寸精度满足要求;零件数量由2件集成为1件,可实现单件减重1.26 kg/件,坯料成本降低2.4元/件,工装投入减少75万元,生产费用减少7.9元/件。相关设计经验可为后续驾驶室零件轻量化及工艺设计提供参考。

Constitutive Model of Friction Stir Weld with Consideration of its Inhomogeneous Mechanical Properties

In practical engineering, finite element（FE） modeling for weld seam is commonly simplified by neglecting its inhomogeneous mechanical properties. This will cause a significant loss in accuracy of FE forming analysis, in particular, for friction stir welded（FSW） blanks due to the large width and good formability of its weld seam. The inhomogeneous mechanical properties across weld seam need to be well characterized for an accurate FE analysis. Based on a similar AA5182 FSW blank, the metallographic observation and micro-Vickers hardness analysis upon the weld cross-section are performed to identify the interfaces of different sub-zones, i.e., heat affected zone（HAZ）, thermal-mechanically affected zone（TMAZ） and weld nugget（WN）. Based on the rule of mixture and hardness distribution, a constitutive model is established for each sub-zone to characterize the inhomogeneous mechanical properties across the weld seam. Uniaxial tensile tests of the AA5182 FSW blank are performed with the aid of digital image correlation（DIC） techniques. Experimental local stress-strain curves are obtained for different weld sub-zones. The experimental results show good agreement with those derived from the constitutive models, which demonstrates the feasibility and accuracy of these models. The proposed research gives an accurate characterization of inhomogeneous mechanical properties across the weld seam produced by FSW, which provides solutions for improving the FE simulation accuracy of FSW sheet forming.

CO_2 laser welding of 5A06 aluminum alloy plates with different thicknesses

CO2 laser beam welding of aluminum alloys with different thicknesses was carried out. The influences of laser power and travel speed on the weld width were analyzed. The mechanical characteristics of tailor-welded blanks (TWB) with unequal thickness were evaluated using tensile tests, and the fracture appearance was inspected after tensile tests. The microstructure of welded joints was analyzed by SEM. The results indicate that this alloy can be laser welded with full penetration. All the tensile specimens fracture on the base metal, far from the weld in the transverse direction. The tensile strength and yield strength of TWB are 89% and 91.2% compared with the base metal. The percentage of the thinner plate in the specimen has an important effect on the transverse elongation. The transverse elongation of TWB approaches that of the base metal when the thinner plate has a large percentage in TWB specimen. The weld microstructure shows extra-fine grains. Dendrite exists around weld fusion line and the equiaxed grains in the weld.

轻量化系数2.0级车身关键设计及制造技术

汽车的轻量化有着巨大的经济、社会及环境效益,车身轻量化是其中的重要组成部分。新能源汽车需要搭载大容量动力电池以增加续驶里程,电池的安全性也十分重要,要求车身在保证车内乘员和电池安全性的同时提供尽量大的电池包安装空间,又要兼顾轻量化,这些目标给车身设计开发带来了诸多挑战。以一款电动轿跑车为例,介绍了一些关键的轻量化设计和制造技术,实现了C-NCAP五星和C-IASI优秀的碰撞安全性,以及轻量化系数2.03的行业领先水平。

先进车型车身用材与典型设计制造工艺分析

车身轻量化与安全性是汽车制造行业目前最关注的两大研究方向。采用逆向解析的方法,针对某前驱小型车白车身用材进行材料反求,从白车身钢板用材与典型设计制造工艺两方面,结合轻量化与安全性需求,详细分析了车身钢铁材料的应用准则与车身设计制造中被动安全、激光拼焊、热成形技术、形状优化等典型工艺的应用情况。通过逆向解析对车身设计理念进行研究,了解了高性能材料和典型先进制造工艺的发展方向,为汽车产品设计提供参考,促进了车身用材与制造工艺的多元化发展。

Laser-based manufacturing concepts for efficient production of tailor welded sheet metals

Laser welding is an established manufacturing technology for a large variety of automotive applications due to its attractive properties such as low heat input, high precision and fast welding speed. Especially when welding high strength steels, which are dominantly used in today＇s car body construction, the low heat input by laser welding bears significant advantages with regard to the properties of the weld seam. The exploitation of the full application potential of laser welding in mass production requires an appropriate manufacturing concept and corresponding auxiliary technologies. The present paper demonstrates the integration of laser welding into the surrounding manu- facturing concepts by a modular setup with different levels of automation. This approach offers flexible solutions for individual needs thereby optimizing investment cost, labor cost and productivity. Recently available laser sources enable exceptionally high welding speed on thin gauged sheet metals but require efficient material handling con- cepts to utilize the full speed potential. Industrial concepts are presented offering efficient material handling and high process robustness for mass production welding.

弹性模邵尔硬度对拼焊板成形过程非均匀变形行为的影响

针对拼焊板两侧材料力学性能差异造成的非均匀变形问题,提出了通过调节弹性模邵尔硬度来提高其均匀变形能力和整体成形性。开展了不同加载工况下SS316/SS304拼焊板弹性模胀形实验,通过数字化图像相关技术获取了板材构型和应变分布,采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元分析软件模拟分析了弹性模压力场和板材应力场。基于实验以及有限元分析结果,研究了弹性模邵尔硬度、拼焊板材质和板材壁厚等因素对金属拼焊板成形性能的影响规律。结果表明,随着弹性模邵尔硬度的增加,拼焊板的极限胀形高度降低,两侧胀形高度差值也减小,弹性模邵尔硬度为50~70 A时,板材的成形均匀性最好;弹性模/板料界面压力随弹性模邵尔硬度的增加而增大,导致SS316和SS304板料侧的应力比α从等双拉应力状态(α=1.0)向单轴应力状态(α=0)转移;而焊缝处的应力比α表现出先减小后增大的趋势,这与成形末段高邵尔硬度弹性模胀形件变形向中心区域的集中有关,是拼焊板极限胀形高度随弹性模邵尔硬度的增加而降低以及非均匀性减少的原因。

高强钢拼焊板前纵梁成形工艺优化

以应用高强钢拼焊板的某车型前纵梁为研究对象,分析前纵梁结构特点和冲压工艺性。基于CATIA软件设计了前纵梁全工序成形工艺数模,并利用Autoform软件对前纵梁全工序进行仿真评估,识别了前纵梁成形不充分与整形开裂风险。通过对前纵梁成形过程进行分析,提出采用“一次拉深+二次拉深”代替“W成形”的工艺优化方案,改善了前纵梁成形性,解决了开裂问题。将优化后的成形工艺方案应用于前纵梁冲模开发和试模验证,获得了成形充分、无开裂缺陷的合格样件,表明采用多道次拉深工艺可以提高前纵梁的冲压可行性。

拼焊板冲压成形中的焊缝移动分析

将拼焊板盒形件分解成包含横向或纵向焊缝的U形件拼焊板,从分析简单U形件拼焊板出发,考虑压边圈类型及压边力大小和分布、焊缝位置和方向等因素的作用,研究盒形件拼焊板金属流动规律和焊缝移动原因及移动趋向。研究结果表明:横向焊缝移动是由于厚薄两侧的负载能力和负载差异引起的;纵向焊缝移动是由于侧壁主应变的差异引起的;盒形件底部的焊缝具有U形件横向焊缝的移动特征,盒形件裙边和侧壁上的焊缝移动的原因不同于U形件的纵向焊缝,且移动方向也不尽相同。

汽车车身轻量化及其相关成形技术综述

综述了应用于汽车车身轻量化的成形方法(如拼焊板成形、液压成形等)以及特点,介绍了实现汽车车身轻量化的新成形工艺及其发展动态,并且对目前存在的问题进行了探讨。

差厚激光拼焊板门内板的成形性能研究

门内板是激光拼焊板在汽车车身上应用的典型零件之一。推导了单向拉伸下差厚拼焊板的应力、应变与厚度关系的公式;通过数值模拟和实冲试验,研究0.8mm×1.2mm和0.8mm×1.5mm两种不同厚度组合对拼焊板应力、应变、厚度和焊缝移动量等成形性能的影响。模拟和试验的结果与推导的公式吻合:随着板厚比增大,薄侧板材承受的应力、应变变大,破裂的危险也相应增加,而厚侧板材的应力、应变随板厚比的增大而减小。

拼焊板冲压成形研究的现状和发展趋势

从分析汽车车身采用拼焊板的利弊和国内外研究现状出发 ,剖析了其设计到生产过程的主要问题 ,如激光焊接、冲压成形性仿真研究、试验研究、焊缝移动控制和模具结构等 。

铝合金拼焊板技术研究进展

汽车发展面临着环保、能源、安全等问题 ,鉴于这些考虑 ,要求汽车减重。为此 ,采用新型超轻材料 (如铝合金 )和采取新的成形工艺 (拼焊板 ) ,对汽车的发展具有重要意义。本文从铝合金拼焊板的特点出发 ,综合国内外对铝合金拼焊板采用的材料、焊接技术及其成形性、成形规律和应用研究现状 ,分析了铝合金拼焊板技术的进展和发展趋势。

拼焊板方盒件拉深非均匀变形的计算机模拟研究

拼焊板越来越多地应用在汽车制造业及其他工业中。方盒件是工业应用中的一种典型件。因此对拼焊板方盒件拉深过程中非均匀变形的研究是非常重要的 ,比如法兰区起皱和焊缝的移动等。本文对拼焊板方盒件拉深过程的非均匀变形进行了计算机模拟和实验研究。用显式有限元软件DYNAFORM进行了模拟分析 ,考虑了各向异性和加工硬化。为了适应板厚的不同 ,在凹模上设置了台阶 ,并且在台阶处为焊缝移动做出了补偿 ,分析了焊缝移动和法兰区的起皱。为了验证模拟结果 ,做了相应实验 。

拼焊板在车身覆盖件制造中的应用

阐述了拼焊板的基本概念及其优点 ,介绍了拼焊板在车身制造领域的应用现状 ,综述了拼焊板的研究成果 ,并重点介绍了拼焊板冲压成形过程中的焊缝移动控制技术和数值模拟的有限元建模技术。以轿车后门内板为例说明如何应用数值模拟技术来预测和控制焊缝移动量 ,最后分析了拼焊板应用中的主要研究发展方向。

不等厚拼焊板材的成形性实验研究

不等厚拼焊板由于焊缝的存在及其方位影响 ,又由于坯料强弱不均 ,可以引起坯料的冲压变形性能发生显著变化。本文通过焊接工艺对比 ,比较了激光焊、滚压电阻焊和氩弧焊工艺对拼焊板塑性变形性能的影响 ;对拼焊板试件进行拉伸实验 ,确定了焊缝方位和薄厚板比例对试件塑性变形的影响 ;进行了不等厚拼焊板件的半球拉深实验和方盒件拉深实验 。