Study on the Sustainable Development of Rural Landscape in the UK:Take the Cotswolds as an Example

With the acceleration of globalization and urbanization,rural areas in China,particularly traditional villages have been faced with various problems and the development bottleneck.On the contrary,rural areas in the UK are well-known for picturesque scenery and outstanding characteristics,and able to maintain the sustainable vitality and charm in economy and culture,rural areas in the UK make successful examples for the global rural construction and development.This paper took Cotswolds in the UK for example,analyzed the maintenance and continuation of traditional rural landscapes in the UK from the perspectives of natural scenery,overall layout,folk dwellings,yard plants and so on.On the other hand,the paper explored the all-around sustainable development of rural landscapes in the UK from the perspectives of internal drives such as intangible cultural confidence,production mode,economic foundation and environmental protection.The study tried to provide references for the sustainable development of rural landscapes in China.

Association of alcohol consumption with aortic aneurysm and dissection risk:results from the UK Biobank cohort study

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have reported inconsistent results with positive,negative,and J-shaped associations between alcohol consumption and the hazard of aortic aneurysm and dissection(AAD).This study aimed to examine the connections between weekly alcohol consumption and the subsequent risk of AAD.METHODS:The UK Biobank study is a population-based cohort study.Weekly alcohol consumption was assessed using self-reported questionnaires and the congenital risk of alcohol consumption was also evaluated using genetic risk score(GRS).Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios(HRs)with 95% confidence intervals(CIs)for the associations between alcohol consumption and AAD.Several sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the results.RESULTS:Among the 388,955 participants(mean age:57.1 years,47.4% male),2,895 incident AAD cases were documented during a median follow-up of 12.5 years.Compared with never-drinkers,moderate drinkers(adjusted HR:0.797,95%CI:0.646-0.984,P<0.05)and moderate-heavy drinkers(adjusted HR:0.794,95%CI:0.635-0.992,P<0.05)were significantly associated with a decreased risk of incident AAD.Interaction-based subgroup analysis revealed that the protective effect of moderate drinking was reflected mainly in participants younger than 65 years and women.CONCLUSION:Our findings support a protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption on AAD,but are limited to participants younger than 65 years and women.

An Empirical Study on the Effectiveness of Adversarial Examples in Malware Detection

Antivirus vendors and the research community employ Machine Learning(ML)or Deep Learning(DL)-based static analysis techniques for efficient identification of new threats,given the continual emergence of novel malware variants.On the other hand,numerous researchers have reported that Adversarial Examples(AEs),generated by manipulating previously detected malware,can successfully evade ML/DL-based classifiers.Commercial antivirus systems,in particular,have been identified as vulnerable to such AEs.This paper firstly focuses on conducting black-box attacks to circumvent ML/DL-based malware classifiers.Our attack method utilizes seven different perturbations,including Overlay Append,Section Append,and Break Checksum,capitalizing on the ambiguities present in the PE format,as previously employed in evasion attack research.By directly applying the perturbation techniques to PE binaries,our attack method eliminates the need to grapple with the problem-feature space dilemma,a persistent challenge in many evasion attack studies.Being a black-box attack,our method can generate AEs that successfully evade both DL-based and ML-based classifiers.Also,AEs generated by the attack method retain their executability and malicious behavior,eliminating the need for functionality verification.Through thorogh evaluations,we confirmed that the attack method achieves an evasion rate of 65.6%against well-known ML-based malware detectors and can reach a remarkable 99%evasion rate against well-known DL-based malware detectors.Furthermore,our AEs demonstrated the capability to bypass detection by 17%of vendors out of the 64 on VirusTotal(VT).In addition,we propose a defensive approach that utilizes Trend Locality Sensitive Hashing(TLSH)to construct a similarity-based defense model.Through several experiments on the approach,we verified that our defense model can effectively counter AEs generated by the perturbation techniques.In conclusion,our defense model alleviates the limitation of the most promising defense method,adversarial training,which is only effective against the AEs that are included in the training classifiers.

Patterns of Clay Minerals Transformation in Clay Gouge, with Examples from Revers Fault Rocks in Devonina Niqiuhe Formation in The Dayangshu Basin

The role of authigenic clay growth in clay gouge is increasingly recognized as a key to understanding the mechanics of berittle faulting and fault zone processes,including creep and seismogenesis,and providing new insights into the ongoing debate about the frictional strength of brittle fault(Haines and van der Pluijm,2012).However,neither the conditions nor the processes which

Characteristics of Authigenic Pyrite and its Sulfur Isotopes Influenced by Methane Seep--Taking the Core A at Site 79 of the Middle Okinawa Trough as an Example

Objective Authigenic pyrite often develops extensively in marine sediments,which is an important product of sulfate reduction in an anoxic environment.It has a specific appearance and complicated sulfur isotopic properties,and acts as important evidence of methane seep in marine sediments.Strong AOM（anaerobic oxidation of methane）activity has developed in the Okinawa Trough.

Exploration and Research on the Category Management for the Chain Retail Enterprises： Taking Jiajiayue as Example

In this paper, we conduct research on the category management for chain retail enterprises while taking Jiajiayue as the example. Category management theory research has more than ten years history, its core has been basically mature theory. The future study of category management focuses more on how to make the category management theory and be combined closely with the enterprise actual and pays more attention to the effect of the implementation and effect. Implementing category management investment return period is how to curve and how to evaluate the effect of the category management. The supermarket of the category management innovation is a huge project without a reasonable and predictable return that will be conducive to category management decision-making is unfavorable to the supermarket profits change after the implementation of category management right evaluation. Under this background, we propose our novel perspective on the corresponding issues to form the better theoretical analysis on the issues that is meaningful.

ZTE and Three Release Android clair Handset in the UK

ZTE Corporation and Three have launched the ZTE Racer, a low cost Android 2.1 （Eclair） powered handset. The Racer is the first Android handset in the UK from ZTE and is Three＇s first Android handset to break the 100 barrier, selling at 99.99.

A Study of the Role of the Board of Directors in Corporate Governance Based on UK Listed Companies

Companies are directed and controlled by corporate governance.It acts on the company internally and externally.The board of directors is responsible for the governance of the company;that is to say,the board of directors is the brain of the company,while corporate governance is the blood distributed throughout the company,which not only supplies blood to the whole,but also reflects the situation.Therefore,with regard to the role of the board of directors in corporate governance,this paper objectively analyzes the importance of the board of directors in corporate governance from theory to practice and from the internal composition of the board of directors to the impact of the board’s actions on the enterprise as a whole based on United Kingdom(UK)listed companies.

Historical Trend of China-UK Strategic Cooperation Based on the Belt and Road Initiative

The Belt and Road Initiative which was proposed by Chinese President Xi Jinping is playing an important role in the development of globalization, increasingly more countries and international groups are supporting and engaging in it. The trade and cultural communications between China and the United Kingdom(UK) goes back centuries, and although troubled at times, has now successfully entered the"golden age"of deep cooperation between the world powers through strategic cooperation based on the Belt and Road Initiative. With the developing trend of the times, China and the UK should deepen their cooperation in the areas of higher education, research and development, financial innovation, social management, cultural innovation, supply-side structural reform, regional development, rural governance, public medical systems, aerotropolis construction, university science parks, high-tech parks, and other social and economic developments, thus continuing the advancement of deep cooperation between world powers. The Belt and Road International Conference held in Beijing in May 2017 and was the beginning of a new round of strategic cooperation and globalization for the benefit of the countries and regions involved.

Imbalance Between Scientific Technology and Human Rights and Measures to Rectify the Imbalance——Taking Geological Disasters as an Example

I. Increase in Human Activity and Occurrence of Geological Disasters ＂A geological disaster is a natural disaster that happens in a geo- logical environment. It is a geological effect （phenomenon） caused or in- fluenced by Nature and （or） human factors that leads to losses to human life, property and the environment.TM Based on their cause, geological disasters can be divided into natural geological and artificial geological disasters. Natural geological disas- ters include those caused by natural effects. These include typhoons, rain- fall, melting snow and earthquakes,

Auto-expanded multi query examples technology in content-based image retrieval

In order to narrow the semantic gap existing in content-based image retrieval （CBIR）,a novel retrieval technology called auto-extended multi query examples （AMQE） is proposed.It expands the single one query image used in traditional image retrieval into multi query examples so as to include more image features related with semantics.Retrieving images for each of the multi query examples and integrating the retrieval results,more relevant images can be obtained.The property of the recall-precision curve of a general retrieval algorithm and the K-means clustering method are used to realize the expansion according to the distance of image features of the initially retrieved images.The experimental results demonstrate that the AMQE technology can greatly improve the recall and precision of the original algorithms.

长期饮酒人群发生急性胰腺炎的风险因素分析:一项基于UK Biobank的自然人群研究

目的探讨有长期饮酒习惯人群急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)发生的风险因素。方法将由UK Biobank数据库中筛选的初次参与调查(2006年—2010年)和第二次随访(2014+)均为“目前饮酒状态”的志愿者作为目标人群(观察至2022年11月30日,期间新诊断AP 176人,未患AP 59512人)。收集目标人群入组时的手术史、饮食习惯等,并通过多因素Cox比例风险模型探讨其是否为AP发生的风险因素。同时以目标人群中有“饮酒类型”记录的人群为亚组,通过多因素Cox比例风险模型探讨不同酒类摄入量及增长量是否为AP发生的风险因素。结果多因素分析结果显示,每天摄入熟菜1~4汤匙,患AP风险分别为不摄入熟菜的44%(HR=0.44,95%CI:0.20~0.95)、39%(HR=0.39,95%CI:0.19~0.82)、42%(HR=0.42,95%CI:0.20~0.89)和41%(HR=0.41,95%CI:0.19~0.88);每天摄入2和3杯咖啡患AP风险为不摄入咖啡人群的45%(HR=0.45,95%CI:0.27~0.75)和39%(HR=0.39,95%CI:0.21~0.72);有胆源性疾病(BD)但未行胆囊切除术(CHO)患AP风险为无BD且未行CHO的7.82倍(HR=7.82,95%CI:5.30~11.54),有BD且行CHO患AP的风险仅为无BD且未行CHO的2.15倍(HR=2.15,95%CI:1.15~4.01)。亚组分析结果显示,不同酒类的摄入量均不影响AP的发生,但在此基础上纳入不同酒类摄入增长量后的结果表明,烈酒摄入增长量每升高1瓶/周、患AP的风险增长1.05倍(HR=1.05,95%CI:1.02~1.09,P<0.05)。结论在有长期饮酒习惯的人群中,熟菜和适量的咖啡摄入是AP发生的保护因素;患BD且不切除胆囊为AP发生的危险因素,而患BD且进行CHO人群的AP发生显著降低;烈酒摄入增长量上升也是AP发生的危险因素。

实现一流技能 领跑世界经济——英国白皮书World Class Skills:Implementing the Leitch Review of Skillsin England

英国新的创新、大学与技能部于2007年发布了白皮书World Class Skills:Implementing the Leitch Review of Skills in England,从世界一流技能的目标、支持个人改善技能、增加雇主的发言权、创设新型的技术发展伙伴关系和重视年轻人工作和生活所需技能的培训等五个方面,阐述了英国提高全社会劳动力技能的计划及措施,以确保英国在2020年成为世界经济的领跑者。

Association of accelerometer-measured sleep duration and different intensities of physical activity with incident type 2 diabetes in a population-based cohort study

Purpose:The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of accelerometer-measured sleep duration and different intensities of physical activity(PA)with the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in a population-based prospective cohort study.Methods:Altogether,88,000 participants(mean age=62.2±7.9 years,mean±SD)were included from the UK Biobank.Sleep duration(short:<6 h/day;normal:6-8 h/day;long:>8 h/day)and PA of different intensities were measured using a wrist-won accelerometer over a 7-day period between 2013 and 2015.PA was classified according to the median or World Health Organization-recommendation:total volume of PA(high,low),moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA)(recommended,not recommended),and light-intensity PA(high,low).Incidence of type 2diabetes was ascertained using hospital records or death registries.Results:During a median follow-up of 7.0 years,1615 incident type 2 diabetes cases were documented.Compared with normal sleep duration,short(hazard ratio(HR)=1.21,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.03-1.41)but not long sleep duration(HR=1.01,95%CI:0.89-1.15)was associated with excessive type 2 diabetes risk.This increased risk among short sleepers seems to be protected against by PA.Compared with normal sleepers with high or recommended PA,short sleepers with low volume of PA(HR=1.81,95%CI:1.46-2.25),not recommended(below the World Health Organization-recommended level of)MVPA(HR=1.92,95%CI:1.55-2.36),or low light-intensity PA(HR=1.49,95%CI:1.13-1.90)had a higher risk of type 2 diabetes,while short sleepers with a high volume of PA(HR=1.14,95%CI:0.88-1.49),recommended MVPA(HR=1.02,95%CI:0.71-1.48),or high light-intensity PA(HR=1.14,95%CI:0.92-1.41)did not.Conclusion:Accelerometer-measured short but not long sleep duration was associated with a higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes.A higher level of PA,regardless of intensity,potentially ameliorates this excessive risk.

Statistic Analysis on Quantitative Characteristics for Developing the DUS Test Guideline of Ranunculus asiaticus L.

Selection of quantitative characteristics, division of their expression ranges, and selection of example varieties are key issues on developing DUS Test Guidelines, which are more crucial for quantitative characteristics since their expressions vary in different degrees. Taking the development of DUS Test Guideline of Ranunculus asiaticus L. as an example, this paper applied statistic-based approaches for the analyses of quantitative characteristics. We selected 9 quantitative characteristics from 18 pre-selected characteristics, based on within-variety uniformity, stability between different growing cycles, and correlation among characteristics, by the analyses of coefficient of variation, paired-samples t-test and partial correlation. The expression ranges of the 9 selected quantitative characteristics were divided into different states using descriptive statistics and distribution frequency of varieties. Eight of the 9 selected quantitative characteristics were categorized as standard characteristics as they showed one peak in distribution frequency of 120 varieties in various expressions of the characteristics, whereas, plant height can be categorized as grouping characteristic since it gave two peaks, and can group the varieties into pot and cut varieties. Finally, box-plot was applied to visually select the example varieties, and varieties 7, 12, and 28 were determined as the example varieties for plant height. The methods described in this paper are effective for the selection of quantitative characteristics, division of expression ranges, and selection of example varieties in Ranunculus asiaticus L. for DUS test, and may also be interest for other plant genera.

An Automatic Method to Identify Citations to Journals in News Stories: A Case Study of UK Newspapers Citing Web of Science Journals

Purpose: Communicating scientific results to the public is essential to inspire future researchers and ensure that discoveries are exploited. News stories about research are a key communication pathway for this and have been manually monitored to assess the extent of press coverage of scholarship.Design/methodology/Approach: To make larger scale studies practical, this paper introduces an automatic method to extract citations from newspaper stories to large sets of academic journals. Curated ProQuest queries were used to search for citations to 9,639 Science and3,412 Social Science Web of Science(WoS) journals from eight UK daily newspapers during2006–2015. False matches were automatically filtered out by a new program, with 94% of the remaining stories meaningfully citing research.Findings: Most Science(95%) and Social Science(94%) journals were never cited by these newspapers. Half of the cited Science journals covered medical or health-related topics,whereas 43% of the Social Sciences journals were related to psychiatry or psychology. From the citing news stories, 60% described research extensively and 53% used multiple sources,but few commented on research quality.Research Limitations: The method has only been tested in English and from the ProQuest Newspapers database.Practical implications: Others can use the new method to systematically harvest press coverage of research.Originality/value: An automatic method was introduced and tested to extract citations from newspaper stories to large sets of academic journals.

Digital image inpainting by example-based image synthesis method

A simple and effective image inpainting method is proposed in this paper, which is proved to be suitable for different kinds of target regions with shapes from little scraps to large unseemly objects in a wide range of images. It is an important improvement upon the traditional image inpainting techniques. By introducing a new bijeetive-mapping term into the matching cost function, the artificial repetition problem in the final inpainting image is practically solved. In addition, by adopting an inpainting error map, not only the target pixels are refined gradually during the inpainting process but also the overlapped target patches are combined more seamlessly than previous method. Finally, the inpainting time is dramatically decreased by using a new acceleration method in the matching process.

The UK Education System and References for China

The UK education has a long history and is internationally accepted for its qualifications and teaching standards. This essay firstly gives an introduction about the development of British education since the last century, then discusses the basic structure of British education system and finally suggests some references for our education.