A Review on Vibration Control of Multiple Cylinders Subjected to FlowInduced Vibrations

The fatigue damage caused by flow-induced vibration(FIV)is one of the major concerns for multiple cylindrical structures in many engineering applications.The FIV suppression is of great importance for the security of many cylindrical structures.Many active and passive control methods have been employed for the vibration suppression of an isolated cylinder undergoing vortex-induced vibrations(VIV).The FIV suppression methods are mainly extended to the multiple cylinders from the vibration control of the isolated cylinder.Due to the mutual interference between the multiple cylinders,the FIV mechanism is more complex than the VIV mechanism,which makes a great challenge for the FIV suppression.Some efforts have been devoted to vibration suppression of multiple cylinder systems undergoing FIV over the past two decades.The control methods,such as helical strakes,splitter plates,control rods and flexible sheets,are not always effective,depending on many influence factors,such as the spacing ratio,the arrangement geometrical shape,the flow velocity and the parameters of the vibration control devices.The FIV response,hydrodynamic features and wake patterns of the multiple cylinders equipped with vibration control devices are reviewed and summarized.The FIV suppression efficiency of the vibration control methods are analyzed and compared considering different influence factors.Further research on the FIV suppression of multiple cylinders is suggested to provide insight for the development of FIV control methods and promote engineering applications of FIV control methods.

Vortex-Induced Vibrations of Two Cylinders in Tandem Arrangement at Low Reynolds Number

The objective of this study is to apply numerical methods to investigate the effects of the spacing on the vortex shedding of two elastically mounted cylinders in tandem arrangement. 2-D computational simulations are carried out at low Reynolds number of 100. The study utilized a commercial software ANSYS FLUENT to carry out the computational simulations. First, a number of test cases, including flows past one and two cylinders with predetermined motions, are simulated to evaluate the solver’s accuracy. The vortex shedding and hydrodynamic forces from the current findings and those from literature show good agreement, which supports the accuracy of the current solver. Multiple simulations were the performed for flow around two elastically mounted cylinders in tandem arrangement. The subsequent relative flow fields demonstrated that for a certain range of spacing, vortex shedding was completely eliminated while it remained completely unaffected or partially reduced for other ranges of spacing. This suggests that the spacing between the two cylinders can be utilized as a passive method of suppressing vortex shedding.

Numerical simulation of low-Reynolds number flows past two tandem cylinders of different diameters

The flow past two tandem circular cylinders of different diameters was simulated using the finite volume method. The diameter of the downstream main cylinder （D） was kept constant, and the diameter of the upstream control cylinder （d） varied from 0.1D to D. The studied Reynolds numbers based on the diameter of the downstream main cylinder were 100 and 150. The gap between the control cylinder and the main cylinder （G） ranged from 0.1D to 4D. It is concluded that the gap-to-diameter ratio （G/D） and the diameter ratio between the two cylinders （d/D） have important effects on the drag and lift coefficients, pressure distributions around the cylinders, vortex shedding frequencies from the two cylinders, and flow characteristics.

Experimental Study on the Flow Around Two Tandem Cylinders with Unequal Diameters

In this paper, flow around two circular cylinders in tandem arrangement with unequal diameters has been investigated using the particle image velocimetry technique(PIV) in a water channel. The upstream to downstream diameter ratio was kept constant at d/D = 2/3, the centre-to-centre distance was varied from 1.2D to 5D and the Reynolds number was varied from 1200 to 4800. The flow characteristics were analyzed through ensemble-averaged patterns of velocity, vorticity, normalized Reynolds stress contours and streamlines. Based on ensemble-averaged and instantaneous flow fields, different flow patterns, including single-wakeshedding at small spacing ratio, bi-stable flow behavior(alternating behavior of reattachment and vortex shedding) at intermediate spacing ratio and co-shedding pattern at large spacing ratio were observed. The effects of Reynolds number and the centre-to-centre spacing ratio on flow patterns and turbulent characteristics were also investigated. It was found that the diameter ratio appears to have a certain effect on the flow patterns at intermediate spacing ratios, where the reattachment of shear layer depends on the lateral width of the wake flow in the lee of the upstream cylinder. Extensive discussion on the distributions of Reynolds stress and turbulent kinetic energy was presented.

3D Numerical Modeling of Wave Forces on Tandem Fixed Cylinders Using the BEM

在这糊 3D 数字模型被开发学习在波浪之间的复杂相互作用，一套双人脚踏车修理了柱体。液体被认为是 inviscid 并且无旋。因此， Helmholtz 方程被用作一个管理方程。边界元素方法(BEM ) 被采用到 discretize 相关方程。开的边界在学习领域的远领域里被使用。线性波浪被产生并且向双人脚踏车宣传了固定柱体估计力量在他们上适用。特殊注意在在力量上改变在柱体， ka 和 kd 之间的非维的柱体半径和距离上对效果的考虑被给予并且套住模式。在一套九双人脚踏车柱体的中间的柱体波浪力量和套住的模式被验证利用分析数据。比较证实模型的精确性。n 双人脚踏车柱体上的嵌入的波浪力量评价的结果证明在排的批评柱体是为柱体的奇数的中间的。而且，批评套住的模式效果发生为的结果表演近把柱体半径规范化为 0.5 和 1.0。最后，为 n 双人脚踏车柱体的力量评价证实中间的柱体对规范的分离距离的那个力量振幅关于单个柱体的波动。

Three-Dimensional Instability of Flow Around Two Circular Cylinders in Tandem Arrangement

The spatial evolution of vortices and transition to three-dimensionality in the wake of two circular cylinders in tandem arrangement have been numerically studied. An improved virtual body method developed from the virtual boundary method is used here. A Reynolds number range between 220 and 270 has been considered, and the spacing between two cylinders is selected as L/D=3 and L/D=3.5. When L/D=3, the secondary vortices of Mode-A are seen to appear at Re=240 and persist over the range of the Reynolds number of 240～270. When L/D=3.5, the similar critical Reynolds number has been found at Re=250. No obvious discontinuity has been found in the Strouhal-Reynolds number relationship, and this is different from three-dimensional flow around a single cylinder at the critical Reynolds number. The spanwise wavelength is about four times the diameter of the cylinder, and it is the characteristic wavelength for Mode-A instability. This paper can give some foremost insight into the three-dimensional instability of flow by complicated geometrical configuration.

Numerical Study of an Oscillating Smaller Cylinder in the Wake of an Upstream Larger Cylinder

A numerical study of flow around two tandem cylinders with unequal diameters was carried out. The upstream larger cylinder was fixed and the downstream smaller cylinder was allowed to oscillate in the transverse direction only. Comparisons of the experimental and numerical results were made to investigate the effects of the gap ratio on the maximum vibration amplitude and vortex shedding frequency. The results showed that the vibration response of the smaller cylinder was significantly affected by the presence of the upstream larger cylinder, and resulted in greatly reduced vibration amplitudes. With an increasing gap ratio, the vibration amplitude increased. However, the magnitude was lower than that corresponding to a single cylinder (with the same diameter as that of the downstream smaller cylinder) under the same flow conditions.

串列三圆柱流固耦合响应的尾流干涉与动态演变特性研究

基于有限体积法应用开源OpenFOAM软件对串列三圆柱的涡激振动响应进行了数值模拟研究,分析了雷诺数Re=150、间距比介于2~6的串列三圆柱在约化速度2~16范围内的流固耦合动态响应特性.研究观察到:当间距比为2时,上游圆柱振动锁定的区域明显变宽,并且在锁定区域内振幅明显高于大间距工况,表明小间距布置时,下游圆柱的存在对上游圆柱振动起增强作用.由于尾流诱导的作用,中间圆柱和下游圆柱振幅的最大值高于上游圆柱.串列三圆柱的尾流干涉模式存在拓展体模式、持续再附着模式、交替再附着模式、拟同脱落模式和同脱落模式5种,并且由于圆柱振动过程中振幅的动态变化,尾流干涉模式出现不稳定切换.在间距比为2,约化速度为7时观察到振动存在“拍”现象,在间距比为6,约化速度为4时观察到多频参与振动的大周期现象,两种现象发生时都会引起柱体升力和振幅的波动.当中间圆柱和下游圆柱的尾流干涉处于拟同脱落模式时,尾迹中的双排涡合并形成二次涡街,而双排涡的融合发生在同侧相邻的两个旋涡或3个旋涡之间,与圆柱的间距比相关.

亚临界雷诺数下串列双波浪锥柱绕流数值模拟

针对风力俘能结构布局问题,基于大涡模拟(LES)方法,在亚临界雷诺数下(Re=3900)研究有限长串列双波浪锥柱的升阻力特性及其流动结构随间距比的变化规律。结果表明:由于上游波浪锥柱的影响,下游波浪锥柱的脉动升力系数大幅增大,当间距比为3时,表面时均压力系数分布形式呈反向分布;随间距比增加,上游波浪锥柱尾流充分发展,并产生大量肋状涡撞击在下游波浪锥柱表面,下游波浪锥柱产生大的脉动升力,相较于单直圆柱提升约15.3倍,阻力系数降低约0.172。所得结果可为风力俘能结构布局提供有益参考。

高雷诺数下串列粗糙三圆柱的流致振动试验研究

通过试验研究了高雷诺数下串列粗糙三圆柱的流致振动,分析与探讨了刚度、间距比对各个圆柱振幅响应、频率响应、位移频谱的影响,并与串列粗糙双圆柱的结果进行对比,揭示了干扰圆柱数量的增加对受扰圆柱流致振动的影响规律。研究结果表明:在初始分支,上游圆柱对下游圆柱有强烈的屏蔽作用,而在上端分支,出现下游圆柱振幅超过上游圆柱的现象;在上端分支和过渡区域,低刚度条件下,下游圆柱干扰数量的增加可以明显降低上游圆柱的振动频率;在涡激振动区域,下游干扰圆柱数量的增加几乎不影响上游圆柱的振幅;在驰振区域,上游圆柱干扰数量的增加降低了下游圆柱的振幅,并随着刚度的增加对下游圆柱振幅的降低程度下降;间距比对串列粗糙三圆柱的流致振动响应具有显著影响。

基于重叠网格的风力助推转子绕流研究

利用风力助推转子辅助推进在实际工程中广泛应用,但以往的研究多局限于低雷诺数和单圆柱的范畴。本文基于重叠网格技术研究亚临界雷诺数范围内串列双圆柱体绕流,寻找合适的转速比实现航行器辅助推进。研究结果表明,旋转圆柱体产生的横向力可以为航行器提供辅助动力。然而转速比较大时,上下游圆柱产生的横向力差距变大,这对航行器的航向稳定性不利。要消除这种不利的影响,下游圆柱体需要更大的转速比才能平衡这个扭矩。随着转速比的增加,旋转圆柱体的尾涡由交替脱落转变为无明显的漩涡脱落,上游圆柱体对下游圆柱体的影响逐渐削弱。

串列双圆柱倾斜入水试验研究

基于高速摄像方法开展串列双圆柱倾斜入水试验研究,分析串列双圆柱入水空泡演化特性及运动特性的变化规律。结果表明:当双圆柱入水时序差为3.5 ms时,圆柱Ⅱ(后入水圆柱)入水后进入圆柱Ⅰ(先入水圆柱)的空泡中并与之碰撞。根据独立扩张原理,圆柱Ⅰ在被撞击后获得瞬间的加速,从而使撞击位置截面的空泡迅速扩张,形成嵌套空泡。碰撞破坏了双圆柱的稳定性,导致两个圆柱在水中翻转。当时序差在10.2~31.8 ms范围内时,圆柱Ⅱ入水后进入圆柱Ⅰ的空泡中,未与圆柱Ⅰ发生碰撞,在穿破圆柱Ⅰ空泡壁后再次进入水中运动。由于圆柱Ⅱ在空泡中运动时受到的阻力显著低于水中运动,因此具有较好的存速性能。当时序差为48.2 ms时,圆柱Ⅰ空泡尾部在浮力作用下上飘明显,两个圆柱的空泡壁面之间的排斥作用导致圆柱Ⅱ受到压力后轨迹偏移,圆柱Ⅱ入水后没有进入圆柱Ⅰ的空泡中。圆柱Ⅱ入水运动特性与单个圆柱相似,所以圆柱Ⅰ入水后流场的扰动对圆柱Ⅱ的影响很小。但是随着圆柱向下运动,两个圆柱周围空泡之间的相互作用影响了圆柱Ⅱ在水中运动的姿态。

合成射流对串列双圆柱受力特性及流场特性影响的数值模拟

合成射流能够通过改变单个圆柱尾部的旋涡脱落模态有效抑制其涡致振动,但对多圆柱结构的控制效果尚待研究。采用数值模拟研究了对称布置在上游圆柱尾部的水平合成射流对串列双圆柱的受力特性和尾流特性的影响。在研究中,来流的雷诺数恒定为150,合成射流的位置角度为45°,2个圆柱中心之间的间距比为2~10。研究结果表明,水平合成射流能够同时降低上、下游圆柱的升、阻力系数,但过大的合成射流动量系数反而会导致上、下游圆柱的阻力系数均大于无合成射流控制情况下的值。当动量系数为2和4时,上游圆柱的尾迹完全由水平合成射流主导,变得完全对称;但下游圆柱的尾部始终存在交替脱落的旋涡。

均匀流场中串列阶梯圆柱流致振动试验研究

采用试验方法研究了均匀流场中雷诺数570~5000内串列阶梯圆柱的流致振动现象,阶梯圆柱的覆盖率为R=50%,直径比为D/d=1.5。试验过程中,上游圆柱固定,下游圆柱可沿横流向自由振动。考虑了s/D=2,4,8,16四种间距比和上、下游阶梯圆柱同相布置和反相布置两种情况。结果表明:间距比对于串列阶梯圆柱间的相互作用有着明显的影响,间距比的变化会改变柱间流动模式,导致下游圆柱的振动特性发生改变;对于反相布置,在小间隙比和高折合流速的条件下,下游阶梯圆柱发生尾流驰振,振幅随着折合流速的增加而显著增加;而当间距比s/D≥8后,外形相位的影响则可以忽略。

串列三圆柱的尾流特性及涡激振动研究

采用重叠网格技术,研究了低雷诺数下串列三圆柱的尾流特性及中游圆柱横向振动的涡激振动响应。结果表明,对于静止三圆柱在不同节径比(2.0~6.0)下的流场,随着节径比的增大,尾流模态将从“2S”模式变为“2P”模式;其上游圆柱与下游圆柱的涡脱临界节径比在3.0~3.5之间,中游圆柱的涡脱临界节径比在2.5~3.0之间;对于上下游圆柱固定-中游圆柱可横向振动的串列三圆柱,其中游圆柱产生横向振动的原因是发生了结构模态失稳。虽然中游圆柱在涡脱临界节径比前后的振动响应趋势相同,但是在临界节径比之后的情况将以更高的折减速度进入锁频状态,且锁频区间更宽。

串列双旋转圆柱群绕流特性及互扰效应研究

本文基于Fluent计算软件,对Re=200条件下,串列双旋转圆柱三维绕流问题进行数值模拟研究。探究不同间距比(L/D=1.5-5.0)和旋转速率(α=0.0-4.0)对旋转圆柱流体力系数、表面压力系数、流场特性以及涡脱落的影响。研究表明:流向涡主要由下游圆柱产生,当旋转速率较小(α<2)时为大涡结构,当α≥2时则转变为混合交错排列的小尺度结构;展向涡则主要由上游圆柱产生将下游圆柱包裹在内;圆柱旋转会导致尾流呈现不对称模态,尾涡向下侧发生偏移,随着转速的增加,圆柱表面以负压为主,吸力会增大从而抑制尾流的产生;随着α增大,上、下游圆柱阻力系数平均值变化规律相反,而升力系数均方根值变化规律相同;旋转速率对上游圆柱的阻力系数成分的影响较大,导致阻力系数平均值发生异号;仅在小间距比工况下下游圆柱阻力系数平均值会发生异号;当旋转速率较大时,上、下游圆柱的斯托罗哈尔数均会趋于0,随L/D增大其变化速度会加快。

不同排列小间距双方柱涡激振动数值模拟研究

为研究不同排列下小间距双方柱涡激振动特性及其振动机理,在雷诺数为100时,对间距比为2、质量比为3的串列、错列和并列排列双方柱涡激振动进行数值模拟研究,分析了双柱在折合流速U_(r)=1~30下的响应振幅及频率特性,并得到振动柱体的升阻力系数,以了解其气动力系数的变化情况,探讨了不同排列下双柱尾流结构的变化情况。结果表明:串列及错列排列中,下游柱涡激振动振幅远大于单柱,上游柱振动受到抑制(θ=60°的双方柱排列情况除外)。并列排列中,双柱振动曲线几乎一致,其涡激振动振幅比单柱稍大。各排列双柱均发生尾流驰振现象,使其在U_(r)超出共振区时仍保持较高的振幅。不同排列的双柱阻力系数C_(D)(θ=30°的双柱排列下游柱除外)均在共振区内突增,在共振区外保持不变。在共振区内,双柱C_(Lrms)随U_(r)的变化情况与A*的大小有关;在其余U_(r)范围内,双柱C_(Lrms)基本不变。串列双柱存在3种尾流模式,θ=30°双柱排列的尾流模式与串列双柱相似,但在超出共振区时,其尾流呈现无序状态。在θ=60°,90°双柱排列中,当U_(r)较大时,双柱尾涡结构呈现混乱的状态;当U_(r)较高时,柱体各自独立脱落旋涡。

应用等离子体激励器抑制串列双圆柱噪声的数值仿真研究

针对等离子体激励下的串列双圆柱绕流噪声抑制问题,通过将等离子体体积力模型、脱落涡模拟、声比拟理论等技术相结合的数值模拟方法,研究不同来流速度下等离子体激励器安装位置对双圆柱分离流形态控制与远场噪声抑制效果的影响。结果表明,当所施加的等离子体激励位于圆柱流动分离点附近时,控制措施可有效减小分离涡尺度和湍流强度,并显著降低远场监测点的总声压级。随着来流速度增大,等离子体激励器的降噪效果增强,同时最优安装位置前移。当来流速度达到55m/s时获得最优降噪效果,其远场监测点声压级频谱峰值和总声压级分别降低11.5dB和8.3dB。而随着来流速度的进一步增大,等离子体激励器的降噪效果逐渐减弱。所得结果对于等离子体流动控制抑制串列圆柱噪声的实际应用有一定指导意义。

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FLOW OVER TWO CIRCULAR CYLINDERS IN TANDEM ARRANGEMENT

In this article,the 2-D unsteady viscous flow around two circular cylinders in a tandem arrangement is numerically simulated in order to study the characteristics of the flow in both laminar and turbulent regimes.The method applied alternatively is based on the finite volume method on a Cartesian-staggered grid.The great source term technique is employed to identify the cylinders placed in the flow field.To apply the boundary conditions,the ghost-cell technique is used.The implemented computational method is firstly validated through simulation of laminar and turbulent flows around a fixed circular cylinder.Finally,the flow around two circular cylinders in a tandem arrangement is simulated and analyzed.The flow visualization parameters,the Strouhal numbers,and drag and lift coefficients are comprehensively presented and compared for different cases in order to reveal the effect of the Reynolds number and gap spacing on the behavior of the flow.The obtained results have shown two completely distinct flow characteristics in laminar and turbulent regimes.