Composite armor philosophy(CAP):Holistic design methodology of multi-layered composite protection systems for armored vehicles

A philosophy for the design of novel,lightweight,multi-layered armor,referred to as Composite Armor Philosophy(CAP),which can adapt to the passive protection of light-,medium-,and heavy-armored vehicles,is presented in this study.CAP can serve as a guiding principle to assist designers in comprehending the distinct roles fulfilled by each component.The CAP proposal comprises four functional layers,organized in a suggested hierarchy of materials.Particularly notable is the inclusion of a ceramic-composite principle,representing an advanced and innovative solution in the field of armor design.This paper showcases real-world defense industry applications,offering case studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of this advanced approach.CAP represents a significant milestone in the history of passive protection,marking an evolutionary leap in the field.This philosophical approach provides designers with a powerful toolset with which to enhance the protection capabilities of military vehicles,making them more resilient and better equipped to meet the challenges of modern warfare.

Intelligent Layout Method of the Powerhouse for Tank & Armored Vehicles Based on 3-Dimensional Rectangular Packing Theory

Probes into a new and effective method in arranging the powerhouses of tank & armored vehicles. Theory and method of 3-dimensional rectangular packing are adapted to arrange effectively almost all the systems and components in the powerhouse of the vehicle, thus the study can be regarded as an attempt for the theory's engineering applications in the field of tank & armored vehicle design. It is proved that most parts of the solutions attained are reasonable, and some of the solutions are innovative.

New Method to Restrain Pumping Voltage of Braking Procedure for Brushless DC Motor of Electric Armored Vehicle

In order to restrain the high pumping voltage of braking procedure which is harmful to the system of electric armored vehicle. Based on the analysis of pumping voltage of the braking procedure, the relation between pumping voltage and PWM ratio is derived and a new digital control method to restrain the pumping voltage by changing PWM ratio is put forward. Because the capacitance is decreased effectively, the volume of controller is reduced and the performance to price ratio is improved. The results of computer simulation and experiment proved that this method is feasible and valid.

Steering Control of Wheeled Armored Vehicle with Brushless DC Motor

Considering the steering characters of one type of wheeled armored vehicle, a brushless direct current （DC） motor is adapted as the actuator for steering control. After investigating the known algorithms, one kind of algorithm, which combines the fuzzy logic control with the self-adapting PID control and the startup and pre-hrake control, is put forward. Then a test-bed is constructed, and an experiment is conducted. The result of experiment confirms the validity of this algorithm in steering control of wheeled armored vehicle with brushless DC motor.

Vibration Severity Monitoring and Evaluation of Armored Vehicle Transmission

Vibration monitoring and vibration severity evaluation of armored vehicle transmission are realized by additional sensors. An algorithm of vibration severity in frequency domain is presented. The algorithm has powerful applicability for signal type and flexible selectivity for frequency range,and avoids the processing of signal conversion used calculus and filtering compared to the algorithm of vibration severity in time domain. An applied example is given in company with attentive proceedings and measures for improving evaluation effect.

Numerical Simulation of Airflow Field and Structure Improvement in Engine Compartment of Armored Vehicles with Electric Transmission

When the mechanical drive is changed into the electric transmission,the cooling system of the engine compartment should be altered to meet the new requirement for the increasing in equipment such as electric apparatus.In order to predict and analyze the rationality of cooling system in the virtual engine compartment,the numerical simulation of airflow fields in the engine compartment by using computational fluid dynamics(CFD) technique is necessary.An armored vehicle with electric transmission in the research is taken as the research object.The physical model and mathematical model for the computation of 3D air flow and heat transfer in the engine compartment of an armored vehicle with electric transmission is established.Turbulent flow in the compartment is described by using the standard k-ε two-equation turbulence model.The temperature and velocity fields of 3D air flow in the engine compartment are numerically simulated and analyzed based on different fan's flux.A theoretical basis for determination of the fan's flux is given by the simulation results.The positions of the air-vent shutter are analyzed.The simulation results show that the different positions of the air-vent shutter can lead to different cooling efficiencies.

Development of Analytical Model for Modular Tank Vehicle Carrying Liquid Cargo

The study of dynamics of tank vehicles carrying liquid fuel cargo is complex. The forces and moments due to liquid sloshing create serious problems related to the instability of tank vehicles. In this paper, a complete analytical model of a modular tank vehicle has been developed. The model included all the vehicle systems and subsystems. Simulation results obtained using this model was compared with those obtained using the popular TruckSim software. The comparison proved the validity of the assumptions used in the analytical model and showed a good correlation under single or double lane change and turning manoeuvers.

Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Bow Profiles on Resistance of an Underwater Vehicle in Free Surface Motion

In this paper, towing tank experiments are conducted to study the behavior of flow on a model of the underwater vehicle with various shapes of bows, i.e. tango and standard bows in free surface motion tests. The total resistances for different Froude numbers are considered experimentally. The towing tank is equipped with a trolley that can operate in through 0.05-6 m/s speed with ±0.02 m/s accuracy. Furthermore, the study is done on hydrodynamic coefficients i.e. total, residual and friction resistance coefficients, and the results are compared. Finally, the study on flow of wave fields around bows is done and wave filed around two bows are compared. The Froude number interval is between 0.099 and 0.349. Blockage fraction for the model is fixed to 0.005 3. The results showed that the residual resistance of the standard bow in 0.19 to 0.3 Froude number is more than the tango bow in surface motion which causes more total resistance for the submarine. Finally, details of wave generated by the bow are depicted and the effects of flow pattern on resistance drag are discussed.

Dynamics analysis of planar armored cable motion in deep-sea ROV system

The armored cable used in a deep-sea remotely operated vehicle(ROV) may undergo large displacement motion when subjected to dynamic actions of ship heave motion and ocean current. A novel geometrically exact finite element model for two-dimensional dynamic analysis of armored cable is presented. This model accounts for the geometric nonlinearities of large displacement of the armored cable, and effects of axial load and bending stiffness. The governing equations are derived by consistent linearization and finite element discretization of the total weak form of the armored cable system, and solved by the Newmark time integration method. To make the solution procedure avoid falling into the local extreme points, a simple adaptive stepping strategy is proposed. The presented model is validated via actual measured data. Results for dynamic configurations, motion and tension of both ends of the armored cable, and resonance-zone are presented for two numerical cases, including the dynamic analysis under the case of only ship heave motion and the case of joint action of ship heave motion and ocean current. The dynamics analysis can provide important reference for the design or product selection of the armored cable in a deep-sea ROV system so as to improve the safety of its marine operation under the sea state of 4 or above.

Experimental Study of the Collective and Cyclic Pitch Propeller for an Underwater Vehicle

A series of experimental studies of the innovative propulsor named Collective and Cyclic Pitch Propeller(CCPP) applied to an underwater vehicle were designed and performed at the Australian Maritime College, University of Tasmania. The bollard pull and captive model tests were conducted to investigate the characteristics of CCPP and to examine the effect of different parameter settings to its performance. The results show that the CCPP is able to generate effective manoeuvring forces in various operational condition. In addition, the obtained results in the form of force coefficients provide a useful empirical model for the simulation and control of an underwater vehicle equipped with this propulsor.

Analysis and Comparison of Electric Drive System Projects of Military Tracked Vehicles

The electric drive system characteristics of different projects for tracked vehicles are analyzed.For the two most typical projects,the parameters of power,torque and rotating speed and others of drive motor are figured out under the condition of satisfying adequate steering performance of the tracked vehicles.General opinions on the two projects are brought forward and conclusions are drawn.

Wounding characteristics and treatment principles of ground anti-armored vehicle ammunition against armored crew

The wound mechanism,injury characteristics and treatment principles of anti-armored vehicle ammunition against armored crew in the past 20 years are summarized in this paper.Shock vibration,metal jet,depleted uranium aerosol and post armor breaking effect are the main factors for wounding armored crew.Their prominent characteristics are severe injury,high incidence of bone fracture,high rate of depleted uranium injury,and high incidence of multiple/combined injuries.During the treatment,attention must be paid on that the space of armored vehicle is limited,and the casualties should be moved outside of the cabin for comprehensive treatment.Especially,the management of depleted uranium injury and burn/inhalation injury are more important than other injuries for the armored wounds.

基于隔振率及动态传递力测试的某动力总成悬置隔振性能试验与特性分析

针对某型装甲车辆动力总成中发动机右侧悬置易损坏,其寿命较其他3点悬置寿命更短的问题,开展了故障诊断测试。经测量动力总成悬置4点支撑位置上、下点振动加速度以及4个悬置系统垫块的支撑力数据并分析研究发现,悬置系统4个支撑点中发动机右侧悬置支撑点垂直向隔振率最差,而该处悬置垂直支撑力较其他3位置悬置支撑力大。这正是该位置悬置系统寿命低的直接原因,最后根据测试分析结果提出了优化建议,建议从承重、发动机工作频率范围、悬置结构、形式及其刚度、阻尼、多向隔振要求上考虑对该型车辆的动力总成悬置系统进行优化,以提升动力总成悬置系统总体隔振效果。

一种基于光电自准直法的装甲战车原位校炮系统

为了解决当前装甲战车校炮时空受限、精度低、过程复杂、无法现场原位校炮等问题,提出了一种基于光电自准直法的装甲战车原位校炮系统。基于镜炮一致性原理,设计校炮装置的机械结构;构建平行光管及其内部光路结构,利用光学自准直原理实现模拟无穷远处虚拟靶标;建立校炮装置的误差模型,通过对误差模型进行分析与合成以评定校炮装置参数的精确性,确定装置允许的最大误差值;通过实验对系统性能进行了实际测试与验证。结果表明:利用所设计的误差模型,其校准误差最大不超过传统校炮方式的60%,且时间缩短了一半以上,符合设计要求,具有较强的稳定性。装甲战车原位校炮系统可应用于装甲战车校炮工作,提高校炮的效率及精度、实现现场原位校准,为装甲战车校炮提供了一种新方法、新思路。

美国定向能机动近程防空计划进展分析

美国定向能机动近程防空(directed energy maneuver-short range air defense,DE M-SHORAD)计划通过击伤、摧毁或压制旋转翼无人机、固定翼无人机以及火箭弹、火炮炮弹、迫击炮弹(rockets,artillery and mortar,RAM)等威胁目标,为机动部队提供伴随防空,对抗新兴威胁,属于美国陆军防空反导现代化的优先项目之一。首先介绍了DE M-SHORAD研制计划;其次详细分析了系统结构,并由系统参数评估了系统的作战性能;最后梳理了系统的研制进展。通过综合分析可知,DE M-SHORAD系统采用最佳组件,通过快速原型方法实现激光武器系统在装甲车上的集成;为降低技术风险,该计划在发展方式上分为两个阶段,首先集成、测试2 kW~5 kW机动实验型高能激光器(mobile experimental high-energy laser,MEHEL),然后再研制50 kW级的多任务高能激光器(multi-mission high-energy laser,MMHEL)。经计算可得:MEHEL和MMHEL对无人机的最大射程分别约为0.77 km、4.8 km。

深海采矿系统模型水池试验方案

深海采矿系统单一模块研究无法准确反应其实际运行特性。搭建深海采矿系统模型水池试验平台,分析深海采矿系统运动力学特性,提出深海采矿系统模型全流程水池试验方案,为深海采矿系统全流程模拟提供技术支撑。

坦克装甲车辆电力系统源网荷储协同优化与安全控制:架构设计及前沿思考

为保障坦克装甲车辆电力系统在复杂环境中的安全可靠、优质高效运行,发展以主动弹性、协调优化、灵活互动为主要特征的车载电力系统是未来一代全电战车的重要发展方向。聚焦于以全电化为特征的坦克装甲车辆电力系统源网荷储协同优化与安全控制研究。从内在要求和外在驱动2方面阐述发展坦克装甲车辆电力系统的必要性和挑战;从架构设计的角度介绍车辆电力系统源网荷储协同优化与安全控制的核心内容及关键技术,包括极端环境下的主动弹性安全控制技术、正常环境下的多时间尺度优化调度技术以及大扰动源场景下的灵活动态调控技术。继而结合弹性电力系统的内涵,探讨基于弹性优化控制的坦克装甲车辆电力系统在面对极端或突发事件时的性能特点。为未来我国坦克装甲车辆电力系统的发展提供参考。

基于准零刚度的坦克装甲车辆半主动惯容悬架控制策略

为了提高坦克装甲车辆悬架系统的减振性能,提出“惯容-弹簧”准零刚度的基本架构,以惯容、弹簧、阻尼三元件并联作为悬架构型,对惯容连续控制和惯容开关控制两种方案进行动力学仿真和参数优化。研究结果表明:采用准零刚度控制策略后,车体振动加速度大幅度减小,乘坐舒适性改善明显,同时降低了对阻尼系数的需求,提升了减振效率。通过分析悬架减振过程中各元件的瞬时功率,发现可变惯容起能量补偿作用,使一部分振动能量在弹簧和惯容之间反复动态地传递和转换,突破了弹簧缓冲储能、阻尼生热耗能的传统减振机理,达到了更好的减振效能。

喷水推进两栖车辆水面航行特性试验与数值计算研究

兼具陆上机动、水面航行及水陆交界地带作业能力的特种水陆两栖车辆,是未来多域协同系统中重要组成部分。以喷水推进两栖车辆为研究对象,基于船模拖曳水池试验,获得了弱约束条件下喷水推进两栖车辆的航行特性,建立了喷水推进器与两栖车辆一体化操控的数值计算方法,对喷水推进两栖车辆水动力性能展开研究并充分验证了数值计算方法的准确性,对比分析了两栖车辆设计航速下拖曳与约束自航条件下的航行特性。相比于常规的“船-泵”一体化研究,从两栖车的角度丰富了喷水推进器和水面航行体相互影响的研究。结果表明,约束自航条件下车体阻力相比无喷水推进条件下阻力增加17.6%,喷水推进器运行导致的车辆姿态变化是造成增阻的主要因素。约束自航条件与拖曳条件相比,虚长度延伸长度从-0.864 X/L(X为距车辆重心长度,L为两栖车总长)增加至-1.513 X/L。与此同时,鸡尾流波高高度与发散波面积显著增加,从0.037 H/L(H为波面高度)增加至0.061 H/L,增加了尾流场附近能量损失。

液体运载火箭贮箱箱底厚度设计准则及轻量化

为进一步实现液体运载火箭贮箱箱底结构轻量化,在实际工况的约束下,综合现役箱底的载荷特点(贮箱箱底厚度参数和火箭运行内压值的理论关系),对贮箱箱底的结构进行参数化。提出剩余强度系数作为贮箱箱底的设计载荷指标,结合工况建立了箱底厚度设计准则,剩余强度系数不小于1时满足工程需要,并以此对箱底厚度进行优化。根据设计准则可以建立开口与箱底厚度的关系,更精确的给定设计箱底临界厚度值。建立的箱底厚度设计准则可以对已设计完成的贮箱箱底进行内压承载能力进行验算。运用实际工况数据验证了设计准则的可用性,并提出了旋压型箱底的厚度分区轻量化方法。此外,根据贮箱箱底管路接口、传感器接口各方面输入输出的交互影响,建立了贮箱箱底开口多约束评估模型。通过参数化平台实现方法的具体实用性及自动化建模。结果表明,旋压型箱底的厚度分区轻量化方法可以实现箱底平均减重约30%。参数化平台和自动化建模为提高贮箱箱底设计效率提供了一种新的方法。