Coupling relationship and genetic mechanisms of shelf-edge delta and deep-water fan source-to-sink:A case study in Paleogene Zhuhai Formation in south subsag of Baiyun Sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin,China

The coupling relationship between shelf-edge deltas and deep-water fan sand bodies is a hot and cutting-edge field of international sedimentology and deep-water oil and gas exploration.Based on the newly acquired high-resolution 3D seismic,logging and core data of Pearl River Mouth Basin(PRMB),this paper dissected the shelf-edge delta to deep-water fan(SEDDF)depositional system in the Oligocene Zhuhai Formation of Paleogene in south subsag of Baiyun Sag,and revealed the complex coupling relationship from the continental shelf edge to deep-water fan sedimentation and its genetic mechanisms.The results show that during the deposition of the fourth to first members of the Zhuhai Formation,the scale of the SEDDF depositional system in the study area showed a pattern of first increasing and then decreasing,with deep-water fan developed in the third to first members and the largest plane distribution scale developed in the late stage of the second member.Based on the development of SEDDF depositional system along the source direction,three types of coupling relationships are divided,namely,deltas that are linked downdip to fans,deltas that lack downdip fans and fans that lack updip coeval deltas,with different depositional characteristics and genetic mechanisms.(1)Deltas that are linked downdip to fans:with the development of shelf-edge deltas in the shelf area and deep-water fans in the downdip slope area,and the strong source supply and relative sea level decline are the two key factors which control the development of this type of source-to-sink(S2S).The development of channels on the continental shelf edge is conducive to the formation of this type of S2S system even with weak source supply and high sea level.(2)Deltas that lack downdip fans:with the development of shelf edge deltas in shelf area,while deep water fans are not developed in the downdip slope area.The lack of“sources”and“channels”,and fluid transformation are the three main reasons for the formation of this type of S2S system.(3)Fans that lack updip coeval deltas:with the development of deep-water fans in continental slope area and the absence of updip coeval shelf edge deltas,which is jointly controlled by the coupling of fluid transformation at the shelf edge and the“channels”in the continental slope area.

Source-sink System and Sedimentary Model of Progradational Fan Delta Controlled by Restricted Ancient Gully:An Example in the Enping Formation in the Southern Baiyun Sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin,Northern South China Sea

Tectonic activity occurred during the depositional period of the Enping Formation in the southern Baiyun Sag in the Pearl River Mouth Basin,with a series of synsedimentary faults and a set of large fan delta reservoir bodies developing.There is no data from drilling,cores,etc.for this area,so this paper applies three-dimensional seismic data to study the structural style of the steep slope zone,the seismic facies characteristics of fan deltas,and the source-sink system and sedimentary model of the Enping Formation.The control action of tectonic activity on fan deltaic sedimentary systems is studied by combining interpretation of fault systems,dissection of structural styles,seismic reflection structure,seismic facies geometry,and seismic attribute analysis,together with theoretical analysis of the source-sink deposition process.The Baiyun Sag has experienced tectonic activity since the Eocene,and a series of synsedimentary faults are developed in the southern steep slope zone.Under the common control of multiple large synsedimentary faults,a large ancient gully formed in the steep slope zone in the south,which gradually widened from south to north.The uplift area in the southern part of the sag was exposed for a long time during the deposition of the Enping Formation and consequently suffered weathering and erosion.The resulting sediments were transported through a system of provenance channels composed of slopes and an ancient gully to the depression area,where they were deposited and eventually converged to form a large fan delta.The fan delta presents the overall characteristics of NS strong wedge reflection and EW strong domal reflection—thick in the middle part and thin in the wings.It displays a lobe-shaped distribution on the plane,with the fan root pointing to the south slope.According to differences in reflection intensity from bottom to top,it can be subdivided into three stages of progradational sedimentary bodies—the southern uplift and denudation zone,the large ancient gully,and the fan delta—which together constitute a complete source-sink system.This represents a sedimentary model of progradational fan delta under the overall joint control of the re stricted ancient gully and syndepositional faults.

Diagenetic evolution and its effect on reservoir-quality of fan delta sandstones during progressive burial: Evidence from the upper part of the fourth member of Shahejie formation, Bonan sag, Jiyang depression

Petrographic analysis combined with various techniques, such as thin section identification, fluid inclusions, isotopic data, petro-physical property testing and oil testing results, was used to study diagenetic evolution and its effect on reservoir-quality of fan delta reservoirs of Es4s in the Bonan sag. The diagenesis is principally characterized by strong compaction, undercompaction, multi-phase of dissolution and cementation. Compaction played a more important role than cementation in destroying the primary porosity of the sandstones. The reservoirs have experienced complicated diagenetic environment evolution of "weak alkalineacid-alkalinity-acid-weak alkalinity" and two-stage of hydrocarbon filling. The diagenetic sequences are summarized as "early compaction/early pyrite/gypsum/calcite/dolomite cementation→feldspar dissolution/the first stage of quartz overgrowth → early hydrocarbon filling→quartz dissolution/anhydrite/Fe-carbonate cementation→Fe-carbonate dissolution/feldspar dissolution/ the second stage of quartz overgrowth→later hydrocarbon filling→later pyrite cementation. In the same diagenetic context, the diagenetic evolution processes that occurred in different sub/micro-facies during progressive burial have resulted in heterogeneous reservoir properties and oiliness. The braided channel reservoirs in fan delta plain are poorly sorted with high matrix contents. The physical properties decrease continually due to the principally strong compaction and weak dissolution. The present properties of braided channel reservoirs are extremely poor, which is evidenced by few oil layers developed in relatively shallow strata while dry layers entirely in deep. The reservoirs both in the underwater distributary channels and mouth bars are well sorted and have a strong ability to resist compaction. Abundant pores are developed in medium-deep strata because of modifications by two-stage of acidic dissolution and hydrocarbon filling. The present properties are relatively well both in the underwater distributary channels and mouth bars and plenty of oil layers are developed in different burial depth. The present reservoir properties both in interdistributary channel and pre-fan delta are poor caused by extensively cementation. Small amounts of oil layers, oil-water layers and oil-bearing layers are developed in relatively shallow strata while dry layers totally in deep.

A STUDY ON THRESHOLDS IN THE CHANGE OF ALLUVIAL FAN AND DELTA OF THE HUANGHE RIVER, CHINA

In the river systems, the environmental change always undergoes a process from quantitative to qualitative change. The upper limit of the qualitative change is called threshold. When the process reaches or goes beyond the limit, the original event series will be replaced by the other event series. Investigations show that the evolution of the Huanghe River alluvial fan and delta has also under gone a process from quantitative to qualitative change. The geometric forms in each process are roughly the same. This threshold of the geometric forms not only provides us a quantitative index for plotting the periodicity of the alluvial fan and delta, but also is of importance for estimation of the trend of natural environmental change.It is shown that there are three periodic alluvial fans of the Huanghe River since the middle Holocene and four periodic delta since 1855 A.D., the thresholds of their geometric forms are from 0.93 to 0.94 and from 1.2 to 1.21 respectively.The changing trend in the past and the

The Current Situation of Fan Delta Sedimentary Research

目前扇三角洲研究程度不断加深,在文献调研基础上,对扇三角洲术语体系,水动力机制,沉积相、岩石相及层序特征、沉积模式等方面的研究进展做了介绍。扇三角洲分类角度有构造背景、供源体系、坡降、河口作用、成因–结构等方面。以牵引流、重力流双重水动力机制为特征,阵发性流水作用突出;坡度和搬运颗粒粒径成正相关体现地形坡度的重要性。根据岩石学特征对岩石相进行精细划分,加强沉积相和岩石相的联系和匹配关系;源汇思想结合了地貌、沉积学、盆地分析,对扇三角洲沉积物剥蚀、搬运和沉积的沉积动力学过程进行整体分析,提高储层预测精度。

Control of slope-pattern on the deposition of fan-delta systems:a case study of the Upper Karamay Formation,Junggar Basin

The Mesozoic fan deltas in the north-west margin of the Junggar Basin,as important petroleum reservoirs,exhibited complex facies change and internal structures with strong heterogeneity which were controlled by the transformation of slope-patterns,bringing great challenges to the study of sedimentary characteristics.The Upper Karamay Formation at north-west margin of the Junggar Basin was the objective in this paper which attempts to clarify the mechanism of sedimentary response and sand-body distribution of fan delta systems under the control of slope-pattern change.Based on a data set of cores,well logs and seismic,two types of slope-pattern were identified in the study area,which include steep-to-gentle in the south and gentle-to-steep in the north.The control of difference slope-patterns on the sand-body distribution was clarified based on the analysis of the sedimentary dynamics,facies characteristics,and depositional evolution of the fan deltas.The study shows that the transport mechanism of sediments on the steep-slope was dominated by debris flows,developing coarse-grained,thick-bedded lobes with poor structural maturity of clasts.On the gentle-slope,the deposition was dominated by hyperconcentrated-traction currents,forming relatively fine-grained,thin-bedded lobes with increased sandy matrix.The sand-bodies show frequent bar-channel transformation and channel down-cutting under the steep slope setting,which exhibit migration of isolated river channels on the gentle slopes.Under the steep-to-gentle pattern,the coase-grained sediments were mainly accumulated at slope toe,generally developed equiaxial lobes.However,the coarse-grained clasts were preserved both at proximal and distal lobes on the gentle-to-steep slopes,showing obvious lateral extension of the fan delta.The slope patterns controlled sedimentary respond rates of the fan deltas during lake level change.By comparing the modern cases of fan systems worldwide,the control of slope patterns on deposition of coarse-grained fans was clarified,providing insight into hydrocarbon exploration on basin margins.

沾化凹陷孤北洼陷东三段沉积体系类型及差异分布

沾化凹陷孤北洼陷东营组油气资源十分丰富,但沉积类型及其分布制约了油气勘探方向和精细勘探。文中综合孤北洼陷钻测井、岩心和三维地震资料,详细研究了东营组东三段沉积类型及其时空分布特征。结果表明:1)孤北洼陷东三段(Ed3)发育近岸水下扇、辫状河三角洲、滑塌浊积扇、滨浅湖和半深湖—深湖沉积。2)东三段沉积类型时空分布差异性特征明显。西缘陡坡带发育近源砂砾岩与暗色泥岩组合的近岸水下扇;南侧和东侧缓坡带发育辫状河三角洲;洼陷内发育湖相泥岩,断裂带附近多为滑塌浊积扇。3)沉积相带影响了储层质量。距源区越远,结构成熟度越高,则有利储层越发育;滑塌浊积扇相带储层质量优于辫状河三角洲相带,近岸水下扇相带相对较差。

断陷湖盆陡坡带扇三角洲—滑塌扇复合扇体的沉积演化及油气地质意义——以中非地区Melut盆地A凹陷白垩系为例

【目的】扇三角洲—深水滑塌扇组成的复合扇体作为断陷盆地陡坡带重要的粗粒沉积体系和油气储层,其展布范围、演化期次、成藏模式等一直是湖盆沉积和成藏研究的热点。【方法】以中非地区Melut盆地A凹陷高精度三维地震和钻测井资料为基础,采用岩心观察、层序划分、地震反射特征与地震属性分析等方法,对扇三角洲—滑塌扇复合扇体的沉积特征与演化规律进行了研究。【结果与结论】发现研究区复合扇体的沉积相类型包括扇三角洲和重力流成因的滑塌扇,滑塌扇具有两类形貌特征,第一类为受坡折控制的线状供源滑塌扇,第二类为受较陡地形坡度控制的单点供源多级滑塌扇。白垩系研究层段刻画出五期扇体,单期复合扇体内部具有退积特征,多期复合扇体具有“先进积、后退积”的垂向演化特征,其中下白垩统Renk组沉积末期复合扇体规模最大,达到148 km^(2)。复合扇体演化主要受幕式构造活动、古地貌和物源供给,以及相对湖平面变化的影响,构造活动强烈、物源供给充足、短轴构造隆升幅度大的时期,复合扇体规模更大,相对湖平面下降初期和上升初期滑塌扇最为发育。提出A凹陷早白垩世和晚白垩世发生沉积格局转换的新认识,明确了断陷期陡坡带扇三角洲-滑塌扇复合扇体的勘探潜力,指导了勘探部署。

准噶尔盆地二叠系上乌尔禾组退覆式扇(辫状河)三角洲前缘-滩坝复合砂砾岩沉积特征及控制因素

近年来准噶尔盆地的油气勘探从源外常规圈闭逐渐走向源内岩性圈闭,二叠系上乌尔禾组是该盆地增储上产的主力层系,沉积体系展布对上乌尔禾组岩性油气藏分布具有控制作用。利用岩心数据、薄片资料等,并结合地震数据和钻测井资料,对准噶尔盆地二叠系上乌尔禾组的沉积相类型及沉积体系分布特征进行了识别和刻画,总结了大型退覆式扇(辫状河)三角洲-滩坝复合砂砾岩体的沉积模式,并分析了其控制因素。研究表明:(1)研究区发育扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、滨浅湖滩坝等沉积相类型,扇三角洲平原亚相和扇三角洲前缘亚相主要发育在盆地西部,辫状河三角洲平原亚相和辫状河三角洲前缘亚相主要发育在盆地东部和北部,滩坝相叠置在扇三角洲和辫状河三角洲前缘之上或在其前端独立分布;(2)准噶尔盆地上乌尔禾组各段沉积体系是在整体湖侵的背景下发育的,乌一段沉积时期湖盆面积较小,沉积的砂体较厚,延伸距离近,靠近凹陷的中央;乌二段沉积时期物源持续供应,湖盆水体加深,湖盆面积增加,沉积砂体厚度薄,分布广;乌三段沉积时期湖侵作用增强,湖盆面积进一步扩大,湖盆内广泛发育湖泛泥岩;(3)扇三角洲与辫状河三角洲前缘在湖平面不断变化与湖浪的改造下,形成了扇(辫状河)三角洲前缘-滩坝复合砂砾岩体;(4)准噶尔盆地上乌尔禾组沉积时期,沉积体系的主要控制因素为气候、物源供给、湖平面变化和沉积时的古地形坡度和古地貌。该研究为上乌尔禾组油气勘探提供了地质依据。

水流输入对大比降入湖三角洲演化的影响评估试验

三角洲是河流携带泥沙入湖或入海时泥沙沉积形成的一种河口地貌。当三角洲上游地势相对较高、整体纵比降较大时,局部沉积体具有冲积扇的特性,三角洲演化过程表现出复杂系统的不确定性。通过进行重复自然模型试验,评估了两种不同流量水流输入对大比降三角洲沉积体形成演化的影响。基于三角洲沉积体横断面结构的多峰高斯函数拟合及其特征参数时变波动性的统计分析,结果表明,在小流量条件下三角洲上游堆积体具有多方向发展的不确定性,在大流量条件下堆积体具有纵向多层级结构化发展的不确定性特征。

海拉尔盆地中部断陷带下白垩统南屯组致密储层特征及有利区预测

综合运用岩心分析、铸体薄片、高压压汞等资料,对海拉尔盆地中部断陷带下白垩统南屯组储层特征及其主控因素开展了详细研究,并对有利区进行了定量综合评价。研究结果表明:(1)海拉尔盆地中部断陷带南屯组岩石类型主要为岩屑砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩,储层孔隙度小于12%的样品数占总样品数的70.2%,渗透率小于1 mD的样品数占总样品数的66.3%,属于致密砂岩储层,储层储集空间主要为少量原生孔隙和大量次生溶蚀孔隙。(2)沉积相控制了研究区储层物性在空间上的总体分布规律,南屯组最有利的沉积相带是辫状河三角洲前缘和扇三角洲前缘亚相;压实作用对储层具有减孔效应,溶蚀作用普遍发育,形成了大量粒间和粒内溶孔,对储集性具有一定改善作用。(3)盆地中部断陷带发育缓坡断阶构造带、陡坡断阶构造带和洼槽带3种构造带,其中缓坡断阶构造带和陡坡断阶构造带为主要的油气聚集区带,其断裂的大量发育均早于或同期于烃源岩大量排烃阶段,为油气运移提供了通道。(4)将“沉积相-孔隙度-储层厚度-砂地比-埋藏深度”五要素进行叠合,定量评价有利储层发育区,其中Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类优质储层主要分布在盆地中部断陷带的缓坡断阶构造带和陡坡断阶构造带。

准噶尔盆地沙湾凹陷三叠系百口泉组沉积相展布特征及沉积模式

准噶尔盆地沙湾凹陷三叠系百口泉组主要发育扇三角洲沉积,准确识别扇三角洲各沉积相的展布特征对多类型油气藏的勘探开发具有重要意义。结合高精度三维开发地震和大量钻井、测井资料,采用沉积相研究、地震属性分析和古地貌恢复等方法,对沙湾凹陷百口泉组沉积相展布特征进行了研究。研究结果表明:①沙湾凹陷百口泉组可划分出3个四级层序和数个五级层序,且3个四级层序分别对应百口泉组的3个层段,五级层序受短期沉积旋回控制,分别对应不同的沉积微相。②均方根振幅属性对岩性变化更为敏感,能量高值区对应扇三角洲平原亚相,中值区对应扇三角洲前缘亚相,低能量区对应滨浅湖亚相。③百一段和百二段沉积时期,研究区湖盆面积小,主要发育扇三角洲平原和前缘亚相;百三段沉积时期湖盆面积增大,主要发育扇三角洲前缘和滨浅湖亚相,为典型的水进退积型扇三角洲。扇三角洲前缘亚相物性较好,被滨浅湖亚相的泥质岩所覆盖,形成良好的储盖组合。④研究区百口泉组扇体规模大、物源近,岩性以砂砾岩为主,为缓坡浅水扇三角洲沉积模式,扇三角洲前缘亚相为潜在的有利成藏区,是油气资源规模发现的重点勘探区。

断陷湖盆陡坡带早期斜向扇三角洲形成机制、发育规律及勘探启示:以东营凹陷北带为例

断陷湖盆作为全球最重要的含油气盆地类型之一,在盆地早期的充填演化过程中,其陡坡带往往能够形成厚达上千米的砂砾岩沉积建造,成为油气勘探的重要领域。目前对这些巨厚层砂砾岩的沉积成因认识仍存在较多的争议。本次研究以济阳坳陷典型的断陷湖盆——东营凹陷陡坡带盐家地区为例,基于高分辨率三维地震数据体、岩心、录井、测井等地质资料,综合运用地震地层学、构造地质学、沉积学和流变学分析方法,对前期在断陷湖盆陡坡带早期发现的斜向扇三角洲的发育特征及其形成演化机制进行了研究,取得了以下主要认识:(1)斜向扇三角洲沉积物中砾石含量相对较高,由牵引流和重力流共同形成,石英含量平均40%~55%,发育扇三角洲平原、扇三角洲前缘和前扇三角洲亚相,其地震响应特征在顺物源方向表现为(斜交、叠瓦和帚状)前积相,在垂直物源方向表现为充填相;(2)斜向扇三角洲主要发育于断陷早期,并于断陷中期大量消亡,扇体与边界断层以低角度斜交,角度通常不会超过45°,扇体的发育规模受到其根部所处位置的影响,扇体的消亡呈非等时性;(3)断陷湖盆陡坡带早期大型斜向扇三角洲的形成演化主要受控于4个因素:边界断层分段特征形成的转换构造为斜向扇三角洲的发育提供输送通道,断陷早期边界断层控制下的古凹槽为斜向扇三角洲的发育提供可容纳空间,断块间相互作用形成的破碎带为斜向扇三角洲的发育提供物质来源以及边界断层的硬连接导致斜向扇三角洲的消亡并向近岸水下扇转换;(4)已发现断陷湖盆陡坡带深层砂砾岩油气藏多属于斜向扇三角洲。本次研究指出陡坡带各级别转换带可作为勘探的重点靶区,布井方向应沿斜交边界断层。本研究不仅丰富了断陷湖盆陡坡带沉积理论,同时能够为中国陆相断陷盆地深层勘探提供新的思路和理论依据。

扇三角洲流体类型转换及控制因素分析——以青海希里沟扇三角洲为例

【目的】扇三角洲广泛发育于沉积盆地边缘及内部,具有规模庞大、类型多样、生储盖配置良好等特点,蕴藏着巨大的油气资源勘探潜力。然而,其流体类型转换和控制因素、沉积过程与特征仍尚不清晰。【方法】以青海希里沟扇三角洲为研究对象,基于野外露头和探槽剖面的精细刻画描述,综合利用14C测年、粒度分析等方法,对希里沟扇三角洲不同时期沉积物粒度、结构、沉积构造等方面特征进行研究。【结果与结论】通过野外露头探槽剖面的精细刻画描述共划分出9类岩相及7种垂向组合序列,识别出碎屑流、片状洪流和牵引流共3种流体类型。根据AMS14C定年标定沉积界面、沉积物粒度、结构等方面特征,将希里沟湖三角洲划分为SI、SII和SIII共3个阶段,其中SI期为碎屑流粗粒沉积期,SII为片状洪流改造沉积期,SIII期为牵引流改造沉积期。通过沉积物粒度敏感组分分析,在希里沟湖扇三角洲平面识别出3期朵叶。结合希里沟三角洲沉积地形坡度和青海湖15 ka以来孢粉浓度变化,证实了希里沟扇三角洲流体类型转换受控于沉积坡度与气候的变化,明确了扇三角洲上平原以碎屑流主导,发育碎屑流主水道、片状洪流沉积为主要的构型单元,扇三角洲下平原以片状洪流主导,发育以辫状水道、辫流坝以及洪漫沉积为主要的构型单元,扇三角洲前缘以牵引流主导,发育以水下分流河道、河口坝以及席状砂为主要的构型单元。

渤海湾盆地庙西北地区古近系沙河街组三段源-汇系统重建

基于钻井岩心和三维地震资料,从物源岩性、分水岭和古水系、搬运通道3个方面对渤海湾盆地庙西北地区物源特征和沉积相展布进行了分析,并通过沉积区古地貌恢复和剥蚀物源区古地貌回溯重建了古近系沙河街组三段(沙三段)沉积时期的源-汇系统。研究结果表明:(1)渤海湾盆地庙西北地区古近系沙三段发育一个完整的近源搬运型源-汇系统,庙西北凸起为物源区,渤东凹陷为主要沉积区;庙西北凸起物源岩性包括中生界花岗岩、下元古界石英片岩及下元古界角砾岩;主分水岭沿凸起长轴呈近南北向展布,古水系散布其间,搬运通道主要为5个古沟谷和2个古断槽;渤东凹陷沙三段主要发育快速堆积的扇三角洲—湖泊相沉积,岩性主要为含砾砂岩、细砂岩及泥岩,分选性和磨圆度均较差,岩石成分及矿物组合均与庙西北凸起石英片岩及花岗岩较为匹配,扇三角洲沉积体呈近东西向展布,在渤东凹陷北部以连片朵状扇三角洲为主,南部为孤立朵状。(2)沙三段沉积期,庙西北凸起剥蚀作用具有“西强东弱”的特征,古分水岭逐渐向西迁移,凸起中部及北部物源面积大、垂向高差大,物源供给能力更强;渤东凹陷沙三段厚度为100~600 m,具有东南薄、西北厚的特征,沉积中心位于区域北部,且北部地层剥蚀作用更强,向东部延伸长度可达3.2 km;扇三角洲的发育位置受控于物源区搬运通道,其发育规模则受控于物源区域面积,渤东凹陷北部及中部扇三角洲沉积体规模更大,是勘探有利区。

陆架边缘三角洲-深水扇源汇耦合关系及成因机制——以珠江口盆地白云南洼古近系珠海组为例

基于珠江口盆地新采集处理的三维地震资料、钻测井和岩心资料,精细解剖白云南洼古近系渐新统珠海组陆架边缘三角洲-深水扇(简称“洲-扇”),以揭示陆架边缘到深水扇沉积复杂的耦合关系和成因机制。研究结果表明,珠海组四段—一段沉积时期,研究区“洲-扇”沉积体系规模具有先增大后减小的规律,珠海组三段—一段沉积早期深水扇发育,珠海组二段沉积晚期平面分布规模最大。依据顺物源方向洲-扇发育程度的不同,划分出“有洲有扇、有洲无扇、无洲有扇”3种不同类型的洲-扇耦合关系。(1)“有洲有扇”型的陆架区发育陆架边缘三角洲,其下倾方向的陆坡区深水扇发育,强物源供给和相对海平面下降是主控该类型洲-扇系统发育的两大关键因素,而陆架边缘水道的发育有利于在弱物源供给及相对海平面上升时期仍能形成该类型源汇系统。(2)“有洲无扇”型的陆架区发育陆架边缘三角洲,其下倾方向的陆坡区却不发育深水扇,缺“源”、少“渠”和流体改造是形成该类型的3大主要原因。(3)“无洲有扇”型的陆坡区发育深水扇,但溯源其上倾方向陆架区不发育陆架边缘三角洲,陆架边缘的流体改造和陆坡区渠道通畅(水道发育)两者相互耦合共同控制其形成。

石臼坨凸起南部陡坡带扇三角洲沉积特征研究

近年通过钻探在渤海中部海域石臼坨凸起南部陡坡带东三段发现了大型扇三角洲沉积,其具有储层厚度大、岩性复杂、横纵向非均值性强等特征。充分利用录井、测井、壁心和薄片等分析化验资料,对扇三角洲的沉积模式、储层特征、沉积微相特征以及储层展布特征进行研究。结果表明石臼坨凸起南部C构造东三段为湖盆陡坡带的吉尔伯特型扇三角洲沉积,主要发育扇三角洲前缘的近岸水道、远岸水道和水下分流河道间沉积微相。其中近岸水道粒度较粗,以含砾砂岩、砂砾岩为主,储集空间以原生孔隙为主,物性较差,为低孔低渗型储层;远岸水道粒度较细,以含碳酸盐中细砂岩为主,次生溶蚀孔隙发育,物性较好,多为中孔中渗型储层。同时根据地震层序和时频分析技术可将其砂体纵向划分为四期扇体,结合沉积模拟和地震属性,识别了四期扇体的展布范围。研究成果可为扇三角洲储层的油气田勘探开发提供借鉴指导。

二连盆地巴音都兰凹陷B51井区白垩系阿四段扇三角洲前缘沉积特征

在岩心观察和粒度分析的基础上,结合录井、测井、地震等资料,对二连盆地巴音都兰凹陷B51井区下白垩统阿四段扇三角洲前缘沉积特征、分布规律与发育模式进行了研究。研究结果表明:(1)巴音都兰凹陷B51井区阿四段发育砂砾岩相、砂岩相、粉砂岩相、泥岩相等四大类,可进一步划分为13个小类,粒度概率累计曲线表现为悬浮一段式、低斜两段式、高斜两段式、滚动-跳跃-悬浮三段式4种类型,具有箱形、钟形、漏斗形、指形、平直形5种测井相标志,发育前积、丘状、杂乱状、亚平行状4种地震相。(2)研究区阿四段扇三角洲前缘发育水下分流主河道、水下分流河道、河口坝、水下分流间湾、席状砂和远砂坝6种沉积微相,纵向上可分为Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ共3个砂组,Ⅱ砂组和Ⅲ砂组沉积时期,扇三角洲前缘砂体分布广泛,水下分流主河道和水下分流河道发育;Ⅰ砂组沉积时期,湖盆范围最大,砂体变细、变薄。(3)研究区阿四段自下而上表现为水进沉积序列,发育退积型扇三角洲前缘,预测B51-71井区和B51-74井区发育的水下分流主河道和水下分流河道为利储集相带,B51-19井区发育的河口坝为较有利的储集相带。

渤海LD油田砂砾岩沉积特征及储层展布规律

渤海LD油田砂砾岩油藏开发方案实施后证实,南侧井区未成藏,北侧井区成藏,地质油藏模式发生较大变化。为探究其原因,利用岩心、薄片、钻测井、三维地震及开发动态等资料开展沉积储层研究,结果表明:沙二段为陡坡扇三角洲前缘沉积,物源供给受控于南北两侧沟谷,平面上发育两套沉积体;利用测井相识别出辫流坝、分支河道、河口坝、席状砂体等4类微相砂体,其中,辫流坝和分支河道沉积水动力强、砾石含量高,孔隙、微裂缝发育,储层物性好,为优势储层相;优势储层受控于沉积水流方向和古地貌,北侧砂体的展布与油气充注方向匹配较好,油气充满度高,是油田调整挖潜的主要目标,而南侧砂体未成藏。

Initiation and evolution of coarse-grained deposits in the Late Quaternary Lake Chenghai source-to-sink system:From subaqueous colluvial apron(subaqueous fans)to Gilbert-type delta

Investigating the formation and evolution of coarse-grained deposits in modern lakes and the relevant controlling conditions is indispensable to the prediction of reservoir sandbodies, disaster prediction,and limnological research. The source-to-sink system of coarse-grained deposits in Lake Chenghai, a deep,scarped Late Quaternary lake, was investigated in this study based on 62 outcrops, Advanced Land Observing Satellite(ALOS) digital elevation model(DEM) data, and regional geological survey data. The findings include the following:(1) the source areas of coarse-grained deposits in Lake Chenghai were lithologically classified into carbonate source areas, basaltic source areas and siliciclastic source areas, and were geomorphically categorized as scarp type or confluence type. Subaqueous colluvial aprons have formed downstream of the carbonate source areas and scarp-type basaltic source areas, while Gilbert-type deltas have formed downstream of siliciclastic source areas and confluence-type basaltic source areas.(2) The formation and evolution of coarse-grained deposits are controlled by the sediment flux that evolves in synchrony with the geomorphic evolution of the source areas and the sink regimes. Scarps represent the initial landform of the source areas.Source material rolls off or slides down scarps or forms small-scale debris flows before entering the lake. The source material initially formed subaqueous colluvial apron(synonymous with subaqueous fans) where sufficient space was present to accommodate sediments and the basement angle exceeded than the natural angle of repose. As weathering and denudation have progressed, the initial scarps have transformed into confluencetype slopes, and the source material has formed medium-and large-scale debris flows that have entered the lake, resulting in an increase in sediment flux. Consequently, the subaqueous colluvial aprons have rapidly grown and developed subaerial deposits, which have evolved into larger-scale Gilbert-type deltas that overlie the initial aprons.(3) The morphology and distribution of coarse-grained deposits vary in response to differences in quantity and composition of materials from different source areas, which resulting from different rates of weathering and denudation and different sediment input regimes. Firstly, the size and surface slope angle of a subaqueous colluvial apron from a carbonate source are smaller than those of a subaqueous colluvial apron of basaltic origin. Secondly, a Gilbert-type delta from a basaltic source features a greater slope angle and a thicker topset than does a Gilbert-type delta of siliciclastic origin, and the latter exhibits a longer foreset and a thicker bottomset than in the former. Thirdly, the sizes of subaqueous colluvial aprons are not strongly correlated with the sizes of the source areas, while the sizes of Gilbert-type deltas are.