The objective of this study is to compare the targeting ability of activated carbon nanoparticles and nanoliposomes,which are used as carriers for delivering docetaxel(DTX)to the metastatic lymph nodes.In this study,w...The objective of this study is to compare the targeting ability of activated carbon nanoparticles and nanoliposomes,which are used as carriers for delivering docetaxel(DTX)to the metastatic lymph nodes.In this study,we first prepared the DTX-loaded activated carbon nanoparticles(DTX-AC-NPs)by modifying the activated carbon with nitric acid oxidation and absorbing DTX in the concentrated nitro-oxide nanocarbon.We then prepared DTX-loaded nanoliposomes(DTX-LPs)by the proliposome method.The physiochemical properties of DTX-AC-NPs and DTX-LPs were carefully evaluated in vitro.The metastatic lymph node uptake and the injection site retention were investigated by analyzing the DTX concentration in metastatic lymph nodes and injection sites.The result showed that DTX-AC-NPs and DTX-LPs with suitable and stable physicochemical properties could be used for in vivo lymph node targeting studies.DTX-AC-NPs significantly increased DTX-AUC_((0-24)) and prolonged DTX-retention in metastatic lymph nodes compared to DTX-LPs and non-modified activate carbon in vivo.This study demonstrated activated carbon nanoparticles may be potential intralymphatic drug delivery system to preferentially target regional metastatic lymph nodes.展开更多
针对现有复杂网络节点重要性排序方法无法处理目标体系网络节点异质连边有向有权的难题,提出一种面向目标体系网络的节点重要性排序方法。利用K-shell算法计算网络节点的初始重要值,并在PageRank算法的节点重要性传递中考虑重要性分配...针对现有复杂网络节点重要性排序方法无法处理目标体系网络节点异质连边有向有权的难题,提出一种面向目标体系网络的节点重要性排序方法。利用K-shell算法计算网络节点的初始重要值,并在PageRank算法的节点重要性传递中考虑重要性分配趋强的特点和连边权重,提出K-shell和PageRank扩展(Extended K-shell and PageRank,EKSPR)算法,并给出EKSPR算法的收敛性证明,进行了作战仿真实验验证和算例对比分析。实验结果表明,EKSPR算法相对于K-shell算法和PageRank算法更适用于处理目标体系网络节点重要性排序,并且效率优于均值EKSPR算法。展开更多
Tumor vaccine,a promising modality of tumor immunotherapy,needs to go through the process of tumor antigen generation and loading,antigen drainage to lymph nodes(LNs),antigen internalization by dendritic cells(DCs),DC...Tumor vaccine,a promising modality of tumor immunotherapy,needs to go through the process of tumor antigen generation and loading,antigen drainage to lymph nodes(LNs),antigen internalization by dendritic cells(DCs),DC maturation,and antigen cross-presentation to activate T-cells.However,tumor vaccines are often unable to satisfy all the steps,leading to the limitation of their application and efficacy.Herein,based on a smart nanogel system,an in situ nano-vaccine(CpG@Man-P/Tra/Gel)targeting LNs was constructed to induce potent anti-tumor immune effects and inhibit the recurrence and metastasis of ovarian cancer.The CpG@Man-P/Tra/Gel exhibited MMP-2-sensitive release of trametinib(Tra)and nano-adjuvant CPG@Man-P,which generated abundant in situ depot of whole-cell tumor antigens and formed in situ nano-vaccines with CpG@Man-P.Benefiting from mannose(Man)modification,the nano-vaccines targeted to LNs,promoted the uptake of antigens by DCs,further inducing the maturation of DCs and activation of T cells.Moreover,CpG@Man-P with different particle sizes were prepared and the effective size was selected to evaluate the antitumor effect and immune response in vivo.Notably,combined with PD-1 blocking,the vaccine effectively inhibited primary tumor growth and induced tumor-specific immune response against tumor recurrence and metastasis of ovarian cancer.展开更多
RRT(Rapidly exploring Random Tree)是一种基于采样的路径规划算法,非常适用于机器人的路径规划中,但是传统RRT^(*)算法存在耗时长、占用内存较大等缺点。所以针对这些问题提出一种改进RRT^(*)算法,该算法优化了父节点选取范围,在传统...RRT(Rapidly exploring Random Tree)是一种基于采样的路径规划算法,非常适用于机器人的路径规划中,但是传统RRT^(*)算法存在耗时长、占用内存较大等缺点。所以针对这些问题提出一种改进RRT^(*)算法,该算法优化了父节点选取范围,在传统随机采样机制的基础上引入了目标偏置采样和启发式策略,减少了算法耗时且缩短了路径长度;引入了节点拒绝策略,消除转弯角太大的冗余路径的同时也进一步提升了算法效率。利用MATLAB进行了仿真实验验证,结果表明改进RRT^(*)算法能在更短的时间内搜索到一条从起点到终点的最短无碰路径,并且可以很好地应用于机械臂的路径规划中。展开更多
In hybrid wireless sensor networks composed of both static and mobile sensor nodes, the random deployment of stationary nodes may cause coverage holes in the sensing field. Hence, mobile sensor nodes are added after t...In hybrid wireless sensor networks composed of both static and mobile sensor nodes, the random deployment of stationary nodes may cause coverage holes in the sensing field. Hence, mobile sensor nodes are added after the initial deployment to overcome the coverage holes problem. To achieve optimal coverage, an efficient algorithm should be employed to find the best positions of the additional mobile nodes. This paper presents a genetic algorithm that searches for an optimal or near optimal solution to the coverage holes problem. The proposed algorithm determines the minimum number and the best locations of the mobile nodes that need to be added after the initial deployment of the stationary nodes. The performance of the genetic algorithm was evaluated using several metrics, and the simulation results demonstrated that the proposed algorithm can optimize the network coverage in terms of the overall coverage ratio and the number of additional mobile nodes.展开更多
Clinical target volume (CTV) delineation is crucial for tumor control and normal tissue protection. This study aimed to define the locoregional extension patterns of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to improve CTV d...Clinical target volume (CTV) delineation is crucial for tumor control and normal tissue protection. This study aimed to define the locoregional extension patterns of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to improve CTV delineation. Magnetic resonance imaging scans of 2366 newly diagnosed NPC patients were reviewed. According to incidence rates of tumor invasion, the anatomic sites surrounding the nasopharynx were classified into high-risk (>30%), medium-risk (5%-30%), and low-risk (<5%) groups. The lymph node (LN) level was determined according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group guidelines, which were further categorized into the upper neck (retropharyngeal region and level Ⅱ), middle neck (levels Ⅲ and Va), and lower neck (levels Ⅳ and Vb and the supraclavicular fossa). The high-risk anatomic sites were adjacent to the nasopharynx, whereas those at medium- or low-risk were separated from the nasopharynx. If the high-risk anatomic sites were involved, the rates of tumor invasion into the adjacent medium-risk sites increased; if not, the rates were significantly lower (P < 0.01). Among the 1920 (81.1%) patients with positive LN, the incidence rates of LN metastasis in the upper, middle, and lower neck were 99.6% , 30.2%, and 7.2%, respectively, and skip metastasis happened in only 1.2% of patients. In the 929 patients who had unilateral upper neck involvement, the rates of contralateral middle neck and lower neck involvement were 1.8% and 0.4%, respectively. Thus, local disease spreads stepwise from proximal sites to distal sites, and LN metastasis spreads from the upper neck to the lower neck. Individualized CTV delineation for NPC may be feasible.展开更多
基金the support of Pharmacy Laboratory Centre and Animal Centre of Shenyang Pharmaceutical Universitysupported by the State Key Laboratory(Long-acting and Targeting Drug Delivery System)the Special Construction Project(Taishan ScholarePharmacy Specially Recruited Experts).
文摘The objective of this study is to compare the targeting ability of activated carbon nanoparticles and nanoliposomes,which are used as carriers for delivering docetaxel(DTX)to the metastatic lymph nodes.In this study,we first prepared the DTX-loaded activated carbon nanoparticles(DTX-AC-NPs)by modifying the activated carbon with nitric acid oxidation and absorbing DTX in the concentrated nitro-oxide nanocarbon.We then prepared DTX-loaded nanoliposomes(DTX-LPs)by the proliposome method.The physiochemical properties of DTX-AC-NPs and DTX-LPs were carefully evaluated in vitro.The metastatic lymph node uptake and the injection site retention were investigated by analyzing the DTX concentration in metastatic lymph nodes and injection sites.The result showed that DTX-AC-NPs and DTX-LPs with suitable and stable physicochemical properties could be used for in vivo lymph node targeting studies.DTX-AC-NPs significantly increased DTX-AUC_((0-24)) and prolonged DTX-retention in metastatic lymph nodes compared to DTX-LPs and non-modified activate carbon in vivo.This study demonstrated activated carbon nanoparticles may be potential intralymphatic drug delivery system to preferentially target regional metastatic lymph nodes.
文摘针对现有复杂网络节点重要性排序方法无法处理目标体系网络节点异质连边有向有权的难题,提出一种面向目标体系网络的节点重要性排序方法。利用K-shell算法计算网络节点的初始重要值,并在PageRank算法的节点重要性传递中考虑重要性分配趋强的特点和连边权重,提出K-shell和PageRank扩展(Extended K-shell and PageRank,EKSPR)算法,并给出EKSPR算法的收敛性证明,进行了作战仿真实验验证和算例对比分析。实验结果表明,EKSPR算法相对于K-shell算法和PageRank算法更适用于处理目标体系网络节点重要性排序,并且效率优于均值EKSPR算法。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82102769)the 111 Project(No.B18035,China)the Fundamental of Research Funds for the Central Universities and Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.L212054,China).
文摘Tumor vaccine,a promising modality of tumor immunotherapy,needs to go through the process of tumor antigen generation and loading,antigen drainage to lymph nodes(LNs),antigen internalization by dendritic cells(DCs),DC maturation,and antigen cross-presentation to activate T-cells.However,tumor vaccines are often unable to satisfy all the steps,leading to the limitation of their application and efficacy.Herein,based on a smart nanogel system,an in situ nano-vaccine(CpG@Man-P/Tra/Gel)targeting LNs was constructed to induce potent anti-tumor immune effects and inhibit the recurrence and metastasis of ovarian cancer.The CpG@Man-P/Tra/Gel exhibited MMP-2-sensitive release of trametinib(Tra)and nano-adjuvant CPG@Man-P,which generated abundant in situ depot of whole-cell tumor antigens and formed in situ nano-vaccines with CpG@Man-P.Benefiting from mannose(Man)modification,the nano-vaccines targeted to LNs,promoted the uptake of antigens by DCs,further inducing the maturation of DCs and activation of T cells.Moreover,CpG@Man-P with different particle sizes were prepared and the effective size was selected to evaluate the antitumor effect and immune response in vivo.Notably,combined with PD-1 blocking,the vaccine effectively inhibited primary tumor growth and induced tumor-specific immune response against tumor recurrence and metastasis of ovarian cancer.
文摘RRT(Rapidly exploring Random Tree)是一种基于采样的路径规划算法,非常适用于机器人的路径规划中,但是传统RRT^(*)算法存在耗时长、占用内存较大等缺点。所以针对这些问题提出一种改进RRT^(*)算法,该算法优化了父节点选取范围,在传统随机采样机制的基础上引入了目标偏置采样和启发式策略,减少了算法耗时且缩短了路径长度;引入了节点拒绝策略,消除转弯角太大的冗余路径的同时也进一步提升了算法效率。利用MATLAB进行了仿真实验验证,结果表明改进RRT^(*)算法能在更短的时间内搜索到一条从起点到终点的最短无碰路径,并且可以很好地应用于机械臂的路径规划中。
文摘In hybrid wireless sensor networks composed of both static and mobile sensor nodes, the random deployment of stationary nodes may cause coverage holes in the sensing field. Hence, mobile sensor nodes are added after the initial deployment to overcome the coverage holes problem. To achieve optimal coverage, an efficient algorithm should be employed to find the best positions of the additional mobile nodes. This paper presents a genetic algorithm that searches for an optimal or near optimal solution to the coverage holes problem. The proposed algorithm determines the minimum number and the best locations of the mobile nodes that need to be added after the initial deployment of the stationary nodes. The performance of the genetic algorithm was evaluated using several metrics, and the simulation results demonstrated that the proposed algorithm can optimize the network coverage in terms of the overall coverage ratio and the number of additional mobile nodes.
文摘Clinical target volume (CTV) delineation is crucial for tumor control and normal tissue protection. This study aimed to define the locoregional extension patterns of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to improve CTV delineation. Magnetic resonance imaging scans of 2366 newly diagnosed NPC patients were reviewed. According to incidence rates of tumor invasion, the anatomic sites surrounding the nasopharynx were classified into high-risk (>30%), medium-risk (5%-30%), and low-risk (<5%) groups. The lymph node (LN) level was determined according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group guidelines, which were further categorized into the upper neck (retropharyngeal region and level Ⅱ), middle neck (levels Ⅲ and Va), and lower neck (levels Ⅳ and Vb and the supraclavicular fossa). The high-risk anatomic sites were adjacent to the nasopharynx, whereas those at medium- or low-risk were separated from the nasopharynx. If the high-risk anatomic sites were involved, the rates of tumor invasion into the adjacent medium-risk sites increased; if not, the rates were significantly lower (P < 0.01). Among the 1920 (81.1%) patients with positive LN, the incidence rates of LN metastasis in the upper, middle, and lower neck were 99.6% , 30.2%, and 7.2%, respectively, and skip metastasis happened in only 1.2% of patients. In the 929 patients who had unilateral upper neck involvement, the rates of contralateral middle neck and lower neck involvement were 1.8% and 0.4%, respectively. Thus, local disease spreads stepwise from proximal sites to distal sites, and LN metastasis spreads from the upper neck to the lower neck. Individualized CTV delineation for NPC may be feasible.
