The thick target neutron yields （TTNYs） of deuteron-induced reaction on AI and Cu isotopes are analyzed by combining the improved nuclear models and particle transport effects. The modified Glauber model is employed...The thick target neutron yields （TTNYs） of deuteron-induced reaction on AI and Cu isotopes are analyzed by combining the improved nuclear models and particle transport effects. The modified Glauber model is employed mainly to produce the peak of double differential cross section for the breakup process, and the exciton model and the Hauser-Feshbach theory are used for the statistical processes. The thin-layer accumulation method is used to calculate the TTNYs considering the neutron attenuation effects in the target. The calculated results are compared with the existing experimental data, and the analysis method can predict the TTNY data well at the deuteron energy of 40 MeV.展开更多
It is important to revisit our plans and compare what was ideally targeted against what was actually achieved in implementation. In comparing the achievements with targets, strengths or weaknesses of established strat...It is important to revisit our plans and compare what was ideally targeted against what was actually achieved in implementation. In comparing the achievements with targets, strengths or weaknesses of established strategies can be accepted or corrections implemented since a plan also outlines some strategies for achieving the targets set. In this study, achievements in production and export of industrial forest products, i.e., sawn wood, plywood, chipboard and fibreboard, paper and paperboard and industrial round wood, are compared against targeted figures for 1996 for Tanzania. Discrepancies were obtained by subtracting targeted from achieved values and expressed both as absolute and relative differences in terms of the targeted values, with a negative sign for pro- duction where achievements were less than targets and a positive sign when achievements were higher than targets. Values achieved ranged from 4%-100% of the targeted values, depending on the product, and were only higher than the targeted value for industrial round wood. Possible causes of the discrepancies are inefficiency of parastatal companies, low private investment, sub-maximal in- dustrial operation and plant inefficiencies. Discrepancies could also result from unrealistic data used in planning due to difficulty in data availability and poor intra- and inter-sectoral coordination. The implications of these discrepancies are low contributions of the wood-based industry to the national economy, increased import substitution of wood-based products, increased socio-economic and environmental degradation and decreased integrity in planning and policy making.展开更多
为避免产品族造型设计过程中目标特征定位模糊导致的用户群需求冲突问题,提出了一种产品族关键造型要素提取与差异化定位方法(Key Modelling Element Extraction and Differentiated Positioning Method,KMEE-DPM)。通过因子分析法提取...为避免产品族造型设计过程中目标特征定位模糊导致的用户群需求冲突问题,提出了一种产品族关键造型要素提取与差异化定位方法(Key Modelling Element Extraction and Differentiated Positioning Method,KMEE-DPM)。通过因子分析法提取了产品族感性意象因子;采用全局HIEs法获取了产品族造型设计要素及设计特征;基于数量化理论Ⅰ分析感性意象与设计特征间的映射关系,结合感性需求分析确定产品族造型设计的目标特征;用k-means算法解耦目标特征,基于解耦结果提取关键设计要素并得出其应用策略,实现目标特征的差异化定位。以城郊多用途汽车(Suburban Utility Vehicle,SUV)内饰造型设计为例进行验证,KMEE-DPM能有效提取SUV产品族内饰造型的关键设计要素并实现差异化设计定位,同时输出的设计方案能够满足目标用户群的个性化需求和多用户群的共性需求,有效避免了用户群需求冲突问题,证明了KMEE-DPM具有一定的实用性和有效性。展开更多
基金Supported by the Project of China Academy of Engineering Physics under Grant No 2013B0103015
文摘The thick target neutron yields （TTNYs） of deuteron-induced reaction on AI and Cu isotopes are analyzed by combining the improved nuclear models and particle transport effects. The modified Glauber model is employed mainly to produce the peak of double differential cross section for the breakup process, and the exciton model and the Hauser-Feshbach theory are used for the statistical processes. The thin-layer accumulation method is used to calculate the TTNYs considering the neutron attenuation effects in the target. The calculated results are compared with the existing experimental data, and the analysis method can predict the TTNY data well at the deuteron energy of 40 MeV.
文摘It is important to revisit our plans and compare what was ideally targeted against what was actually achieved in implementation. In comparing the achievements with targets, strengths or weaknesses of established strategies can be accepted or corrections implemented since a plan also outlines some strategies for achieving the targets set. In this study, achievements in production and export of industrial forest products, i.e., sawn wood, plywood, chipboard and fibreboard, paper and paperboard and industrial round wood, are compared against targeted figures for 1996 for Tanzania. Discrepancies were obtained by subtracting targeted from achieved values and expressed both as absolute and relative differences in terms of the targeted values, with a negative sign for pro- duction where achievements were less than targets and a positive sign when achievements were higher than targets. Values achieved ranged from 4%-100% of the targeted values, depending on the product, and were only higher than the targeted value for industrial round wood. Possible causes of the discrepancies are inefficiency of parastatal companies, low private investment, sub-maximal in- dustrial operation and plant inefficiencies. Discrepancies could also result from unrealistic data used in planning due to difficulty in data availability and poor intra- and inter-sectoral coordination. The implications of these discrepancies are low contributions of the wood-based industry to the national economy, increased import substitution of wood-based products, increased socio-economic and environmental degradation and decreased integrity in planning and policy making.
文摘为避免产品族造型设计过程中目标特征定位模糊导致的用户群需求冲突问题,提出了一种产品族关键造型要素提取与差异化定位方法(Key Modelling Element Extraction and Differentiated Positioning Method,KMEE-DPM)。通过因子分析法提取了产品族感性意象因子;采用全局HIEs法获取了产品族造型设计要素及设计特征;基于数量化理论Ⅰ分析感性意象与设计特征间的映射关系,结合感性需求分析确定产品族造型设计的目标特征;用k-means算法解耦目标特征,基于解耦结果提取关键设计要素并得出其应用策略,实现目标特征的差异化定位。以城郊多用途汽车(Suburban Utility Vehicle,SUV)内饰造型设计为例进行验证,KMEE-DPM能有效提取SUV产品族内饰造型的关键设计要素并实现差异化设计定位,同时输出的设计方案能够满足目标用户群的个性化需求和多用户群的共性需求,有效避免了用户群需求冲突问题,证明了KMEE-DPM具有一定的实用性和有效性。
