Erlotinib Analogue-substituted Zinc（Ⅱ） Phthalocyanines for Small Molecular Target-based Photodynamic Cancer Therapy

＂Smart＂ targeted photosensitizer conjugated with small molecule target-based anticancer drug which has a sim- ple chemical structure and high stability, is a new promising targeted therapeutic strategy. We herein extended this strategy and reported a novel series of zinc（II） phthalocyanine-erlotinib analogue conjugates with different periph- eral substituted positions and lengths of the linker. Having erlotinib analogue as the targeting moiety, all conjugates exhibited high specificity and potent affinity to HepG2 cancer cells and kept high photodynamic activity （ICs0 = 3.7 -- 16.7 nmol/L）. Structure-activity relationships of these conjugates were assessed by investigating their photophys- ical/photochemical properties, targeting intracellular uptake and in vitro phototoxicity. The results suggested that a-substituted conjugates showed slightly higher photodynamic activity than ,8-substituted ones. In conclusion, we have developed a series of promising anticancer agents with high tumor selectivity and anticancer activity for targeted photodynamic therapy.

Electronic Throttle Control System: Modeling, Identification and Model-Based Control Designs

Electronic throttle control (ETC) system has worked its way to becoming a standard subsystem in most of the current automobiles as it has contributed much to the improvement of fuel economy, emissions, drivability and safety. Precision control of the subsystem, which consists of a dc motor driving a throttle plate, a pre-loaded return spring and a set of gear train to regulate airflow into the engine, seems rather straightforward and yet complex. The difficulties lie in the unknown system parameters, hard nonlinearity of the pre-loaded spring that pulls the throttle plate to its default position, and friction, among others. In this paper, we extend our previous results obtained for the modeling, unknown system parameters identification and control of a commercially available Bosch’s DV-E5 ETC system. Details of modeling and parameters identification based on laboratory experiments, data analysis, and knowledge of the system are provided. The parameters identification results were verified and validated by a real-time PID control implemented with an xPC Target. A nonlinear control design was then proposed utilizing the input-output feedback linearization approach and technique. In view of a recent massive auto recalls due to the controversial uncontrollable engine accelerations, the results of this paper may inspire further research interest on the drive-by-wire technology.

The Basis of Atherosclerotic Guidelines—Time for a Change?

Major advances have occurred within the last decade in the understanding of the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease. Not only are the underlying mechanisms now clearly defined, but effective medical therapies are available at low cost and minimal side effects. In spite of these advances, cardiovascular events are still the leading cause of death in the United States and the Western world. Analysis of the many factors involved in the delivery of appropriate cardiovascular care strongly suggests that the primary reason is the overly restrictive guidelines published by medical societies. This article proposes a much broader basis for constructing atherosclerosis clinical guidelines, namely the known pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. If pathophysiology forms the basis of atherosclerotic treatment recommendations, then a risk/benefit analysis can be used to determine appropriate preventive therapy for any specific individual. The result will be that many additional individuals will be eligible for preventive treatment of atherosclerosis, and the saving of many lives at minimal cost will result.

On MSDT inversion with multi-angle remote sensing data

With the wavelet transform, image of multi-angle remote sensing is decomposed into multi-resolution. With data of each resolution, we try target-based multi-stages inversion, taking the inversion result of coarse resolution as the prior information of the next inversion. The result gets finer and finer until the resolution of satellite observation. In this way, the target-based multi-stages inversion can be used in remote sensing inversion of large-scaled coverage. With MISR data, we inverse structure parameters of vegetation in semiarid grassland of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The result proves that this way is efficient.