Background: Coronary artery anomalies(CAAs) are a relatively rare condition usually diagnosed in vivo by conventional angiography. In the past few years Magnetic resonance coronary angiography(MRCA) has been used to d...Background: Coronary artery anomalies(CAAs) are a relatively rare condition usually diagnosed in vivo by conventional angiography. In the past few years Magnetic resonance coronary angiography(MRCA) has been used to detect CAAs and found to be highly accurate. No data is available regarding the ability of MRCA to detect previously not suspected anomalies. Methods: We prospectively analyzed the origin and course of 336 patients undergoing a diagnostic Cardiovascular magnetic resonance(CMR) study. After the completion of a standard examination a navigator-echo 3D-MRCA low-quality scan was used in all the cases to rule out CAAs. The high-quality MRCA was applied only if an abnormal coronary arterial tree was seen. Results: Nineteen patients with CAAs(12 men, 7 women;mean age, 53±18 years) were identified by MRCA. Six out of the 19 CAAs subjects had already been detected by other means(coronary angiography in 5, and transesophageal echocardiography in 1 case). However in none of them a complete anatomical assessment was achieved. In 13 patients CAAs were an unexpected and new finding. MRCA was able to assess the origin and proximal course of the anomalous artery in all the cases. Conclusions: MRCA is able to detect the presence and anomalous course of CAAs. Besides offering precise information about already suspected CAAs, MRCA can identify anomalies previously not suspected. This study suggests a potential role for MRCA as a screening tool for CAAs in young patients with angina, ventricular arrhythmias, or unexplained syncope as well as in highly competitive athletes.展开更多
Motivated by sample path decomposition of the stationary continuous state branching process with immigration, a general population model is considered using the idea of immortal individual. We compute the joint distri...Motivated by sample path decomposition of the stationary continuous state branching process with immigration, a general population model is considered using the idea of immortal individual. We compute the joint distribution of the random variables： the time to the most recent common ancestor （MRCA）, the size of the current population, and the size of the population just before MRCA. We obtain the bottleneck effect as well. The distribution of the number of the oldest families is also established. These generalize the results obtained by Y. T. Chen and J. F. Delmas.展开更多
文摘Background: Coronary artery anomalies(CAAs) are a relatively rare condition usually diagnosed in vivo by conventional angiography. In the past few years Magnetic resonance coronary angiography(MRCA) has been used to detect CAAs and found to be highly accurate. No data is available regarding the ability of MRCA to detect previously not suspected anomalies. Methods: We prospectively analyzed the origin and course of 336 patients undergoing a diagnostic Cardiovascular magnetic resonance(CMR) study. After the completion of a standard examination a navigator-echo 3D-MRCA low-quality scan was used in all the cases to rule out CAAs. The high-quality MRCA was applied only if an abnormal coronary arterial tree was seen. Results: Nineteen patients with CAAs(12 men, 7 women;mean age, 53±18 years) were identified by MRCA. Six out of the 19 CAAs subjects had already been detected by other means(coronary angiography in 5, and transesophageal echocardiography in 1 case). However in none of them a complete anatomical assessment was achieved. In 13 patients CAAs were an unexpected and new finding. MRCA was able to assess the origin and proximal course of the anomalous artery in all the cases. Conclusions: MRCA is able to detect the presence and anomalous course of CAAs. Besides offering precise information about already suspected CAAs, MRCA can identify anomalies previously not suspected. This study suggests a potential role for MRCA as a screening tool for CAAs in young patients with angina, ventricular arrhythmias, or unexplained syncope as well as in highly competitive athletes.
基金Acknowledgements The author would like to express his sincere thanks to his advisor Professor Zenghu Li for his persistent encouragements and suggestions and Professor J. F. Delmas for his careful check of this work. Thanks are also given to the anonymous referees for the suggestions. This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 11131003） and the 985 Program.
文摘Motivated by sample path decomposition of the stationary continuous state branching process with immigration, a general population model is considered using the idea of immortal individual. We compute the joint distribution of the random variables： the time to the most recent common ancestor （MRCA）, the size of the current population, and the size of the population just before MRCA. We obtain the bottleneck effect as well. The distribution of the number of the oldest families is also established. These generalize the results obtained by Y. T. Chen and J. F. Delmas.
