The Influence of Tartaric Acid in the Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis Using Response Surface Methodology

Silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)synthesized using tartaric acid as a capping agent have a great impact on the reaction kinetics and contribute significantly to the stability of AgNPs.The protective layer formed by tartaric acid is an important factor that protects the silver surface and reduces potential cytotoxicity problems.These attributes are critical for assessing the compatibility of AgNPs with biological systems and making them suitable for drug delivery applications.The aim of this research is to conduct a comprehensive study of the effect of tartaric acid concentration,sonication time and temperature on the formation of silver nanoparticles.Using Response Surface Methodology(RSM)with Face-Centered Central Composite Design(FCCD),the optimization process identifies the most favorable synthesis conditions.UV-Vis spectrum regression analysis shows that AgNPs stabilized with tartaric acid are more stable than AgNPs without tartaric acid.This highlights the increased stability that tartaric acid provides in AgNP ssssynthesis.Particle size distribution analysis showed a multimodal distribution for AgNPs with tartaric acid and showed the smallest size peak with an average size of 20.53 nm.The second peak with increasing intensity shows a dominant average size of 108.8 nm accompanied by one standard deviation of 4.225 nm and a zeta potential of−11.08 mV.In contrast,AgNPs synthesized with polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)showed a unimodal particle distribution with an average particle size of 81.62 nm and a zeta potential of−2.96 mV.The more negative zeta potential of AgNP-tartaric acid indicates its increased stability.Evaluation of antibacterial activity showed that AgNPs stabilized with tartaric acid showed better performance against E.coli and B.subtilis bacteria compared with AgNPs-PVP.In summary,this study highlights the potential of tartaric acid in AgNP synthesis and suggests an avenue for the development of stable AgNPs with versatile applications.

Removal of heavy metals from a contaminated soilusing tartaric acid

This study reports the feasibility of remediation of a heavy metal （HM） contaminated soil using tartaric acid, an environmentally-friendly extractant. Batch experiments were performed to test the factors influencing remediation of the HM contaminated soil. An empirical model was employed to describe the kinetics of riM dissolution/desorption and to predict equilibrium concentrations of HMs in soil leachate. The changes of HMs in different fractions before and after tartaric acid treatment were also investigated. Tartaric acid solution containing HMs was regenerated by chestnut shells. Results show that utilization of tartaric acid was effective for removal of riMs from the contaminated soil, attaining 50%-60% of Cd, 40%-50% of Pb, 40%-50% of Cu and 20%-30% of Zn in the pH range of 3.5-4.0 within 24 h. Mass transfer coefficients for cadmium （Cd） and lead （Pb） were much higher than those for copper （Cu） and zinc （Zn）. Sequential fractionations of treated and untreated soil samples showed that tartaric acid was effective in removing the exchangeable, carbonate fractions of Cd, Zn and Cu from the contaminated soil. The contents of Pb and Cu in Fe-Mn oxide fraciton were also significantly decreased by tartaric acid treatment. One hundred milliliters of tartaric acid solution containing HMs could be regenerated by 10 g chestnut shells in a batch reactor. Such a remediation procedure indicated that tartaric acid is a promising agent for remediation of HM contaminated soils. However, further research is needed before the method can be practically used for in situ remediation of contaminated sites.

A New Type of Dibenzoyl Tartaric Acid Selective Electrode Based on Polymer Membrane Containing Calixarene Ionophore

A new type of di benzoyl tartaric acid selective electr ode has been developed. Three double\| arm calixarene derivatives were emp loyed as the neutral ionophores. The poly(vinyl chloride) membrane electrode containing an amide derivative of ca lixarene as the neutral carrier an d a dibutyl phthalate as the plastici zer exhibited the highest sensitivity for dibenzoyl tartaric acid. The slop e of linear portion was 27.8 mV per c oncertration decade. The electrode has a fast response and a long lifetime .

Electrodeposition of Zn(O,S)(zinc oxysulfide)thin films:Exploiting its thermodynamic and kinetic processes with incorporation of tartaric acid

Zn（O,S）（zinc oxysulfide） is an important chalcogenide material recently reported to be potentially applied as electrode buffers in thin film solar cells. Both vacuum and solution approaches have enabled the fabrication of Zn（O,S） films. However they either require extreme conditions and high energy consumption for synthesis, or suffer from lack of controllability mainly due to the thermodynamic and kinetic distinction between Zn O and Zn S during film growth. Here we demonstrated an effective electrodeposition route to obtain high-quality Zn（O,S） thin films in a controllable manner. Importantly, tartaric acid was employed as a secondary complexing agent in the electrolyte to improve the film morphology, as well as to adjust other key properties such as composition and absorption. To elucidate the vital role that tartaric acid played, thermodynamic and kinetic processes of electrodeposition was investigated and discussed in detail. The accumulative contribution has shed light on further exploit of Zn（O,S） with tunable properties and optimization of the corresponding electrodeposition process, for the application in thin film solar cells.

Tartaric acid additive to enhance perovskite multiple preferential orientations for high-performance solar cells

Perovskite film quality is a decisive factor governing the performance and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs). To passivate defects for high-quality perovskite films, various additives have been explored in perovskite precursor with notable achievements in the development of highperformance PSCs. Herein, tartaric acid(TA) was applied as additive in perovskite precursor solution to modulate the crystal growth leading to high quality thin films with enhanced multiple preferential orientations favoring efficient charge transport along multiple directions. It is also noticed that TA can improve the energy level alignment in PSCs, which effectively accelerates both carrier extraction and transportation with non-radiative recombination suppressed at the perovskite interfaces. Based on the present perovskite films, the fabricated PSCs achieved an excellent champion power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 21.82% from that of 19.70% for the control device without TA additive. In addition, a PSC with TA additive was shown to exhibit impressive operational stability by retaining 92% of its initial PCE after~1200 h of aging at room temperature in ambient air with a relative humidity of about 10%–25%. In summary, the present work demonstrates a facile and versatile approach by using TA as additive in perovskite precursor to fabricate high quality perovskite films with enhanced multiple preferential orientations for high-efficiency stable PSCs.

Metal ion–binding properties of the L-aspartic acid and tartaric acid, a coparative investigation. How can be increased the dosage of mineral absorption in the body

A comparative research has been developed for acidity and stability constants of M(TTA)1 and M(Asp)2 complexes which have been determined by potentiometric pH titration. Depending on metal ion–binding properties, vital differences in building complex were observed. The present study shows that in M(TTA) complexes, metal ions are coordinated to the carboxyl groups, but in M(Asp) some metal ions are able to build macrochelate over amine group. Hence, the following intermolecular and as a result independent concentration equilibrium between an open–isomer M(Asp)op and a closed–isomer M(Asp)cl, has to be considered cl op. The amounts are reported. The results mentioned above demonstrate that for some M(Asp) complexes the stability constants is also largely determined by the affinity of metal ions for amine group. This leads to a kind of selectivity of metal ions and transfer them via building complexes with the aspartate. The result of this effect is a higher dosage-absorption of minerals in body. Based on the sort of metal ions, the drug-therapy can be different. For heavy metal ions this building complex helps the absorption and filtration of the blood plasma, and consequently the excursion of heavy metal ions takes place. This is an important method in microdialysis. Other metal ions such as the complexes can be considered as mineral carriers. These complexes in certain conditions (PH–range) can release the minerals in body.

Geophysical Study by Electrical Soundings of the Tartar Aquifer Unit, Boujdour Region, Morocco

The Tartar aquifer unit, is located at the SSO of the city of Boujdour, at a distance of nearly 86 km, and crossed (in its western part) by the National Road N1 connecting the towns of Boujdour and Lagouira passing through the vicinity of the city of Dakhla (PK40). It is exploited by rural settlements for domestic use (especially the inhabitants of fishing villages) and livestock watering, only through wells named Khtout Hobia (IRE 126/124) and Hassi Tartar known as Khtout Trayh (IRE 104/124). These wells have been tracked by a piezometric groundwater table and from 2011 to the present day. The interpretation of the electrical soundings in AB ≤ 2000 m allowed to differentiate the presence of two families of electrical soundings A and B, to establish the resistivity maps in AB = 200, 300 and 400 ihm&#8901m with qualitative aspects, to draw up the map of the isohypses of the roof of the intermediate Dt1 representing the impermeable floor of the aquifer and to highlight two types of discontinuities;electrical discontinuities corresponding to lateral facies changes (limit of erosion surfaces) separating the families A and B of electrical soundings and those corresponding to syn-sedimentary faults which structured the formations into horsts and grabens. The lithological sections of the existing water points and that of oil well 43-1 allowed the geological identification of the geoelectric layers highlighted by the electrical soundings diagrams. As a result, the sandstone and lumachelic formations constituting the aquifer are of Moghrebian-Pleistocene age represented by the resistant R (Family A), sometimes grouping, in its basal part, sandstone levels of the Miocene roof (Family B). These formations lie directly on the Miocene sandy marls represented by the intermediate Dt1. For the present work, we will focus only on the transverse geoelectric cross-section TA, with an SW-NE orientation, which characterizes all the longitudinal sections established following the correlation between the different electric sounding diagrams. It highlights the presence of the gravels G1 and G3 separated by the horst H1 where the resistant R is admitted as aquiferous at the level of the gravels G1 (Khtout Trayh well 104/124) and G3 (well 126/124) and sterile at the level of the horst H1.

Study of Potassium Recovery from Biomass Ash Using Tartaric Acid and Syngenite Method

Biomass has the potential and benefits of being an alternative energy source to replace fossil fuels that exist today in Indonesia and other tropical countries. In addition, biomass has an abundant stock or supply. By assessing the feasibility of recovering potassium, it is hoped that more potassium resources and in future Indonesia will be dependent on imported fertilizers and increase the agricultural industry, which is the aims of this study. The best extraction result is using CH3COOH. Treatment of 1:10 solid-liquid ratio with the help of 1 mol/l CH3COOH was chosen as the best treatment because it is more economically efficient. Recovery of K with the help of tartaric acid and acetic acid resulted in a K recovery efficiency of around 94%. The optimal condition for the syngenite method is the addition of a magnesium dose of 5 mmol/l and at pH 11, the Ca: K ratio is 1:2.1 with 42% K. This can be a suggestion which method is more effective and efficient in recovery K.

RADICAL POLYMERIZATION OF VINYL MONOMER INITIATED BY CERIC ION/TARTARIC ACID

The polymerization of acrylamide and acrylonitrile using ceric ion as initiator can be promoted greatly by the tartaric acid. The kinetics of acrylamide polymerization initiated by ceric ion/tartaric acid has been studied. The presence of the species of tartaric acid in Polyacrylonitrile produced by using ceric ion/tartaric acid as niitiator has been confirmed by FT-IR analysis.

Synthesis and Properties of Chiral Polyurethane Elastomers Using Tartaric Acids

The polyaddition of isocyanate and polyol to form polyurethane elastomers has rarely been applied to the construction of chiral polyurethane elastomers. Hence, the introduction of chiral units via polyaddition remains a challenging subject in polymer chemistry. In this study, the synthesis of chiral polyurethane elastomers using an aromatic isocyanate, polyols (polyether and polyester polyols), and L(+)-, D(&#8722)-, or meso-tartaric acid by a one-shot method is investigated. The polymers are characterized using FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, and their thermal properties are investigated by TGA, DMA, and DSC analyses. The optical activities of the polymers are confirmed by rotation. The use of chiral tartaric acids is essential to obtain the desired chiral polyurethane elastomers.

Chiral extraction of ketoprofen enantiomers with chiral selector tartaric esters

Distribution behavior of ketoprofen enantiomers was examined in methanol aqueous and organic solvent mixture containing tartaric esters. The influence of length of alkyl chain of tartaric esters, concentration of L-tartaric esters and methanol aqueous, kind of organic solvent on partition ratio and separation factors was investigated. The results show that L-tartaric and D-tartaric esters have different chiral recognition abilities. S-ketoprofen is easily extracted by L-tartaric esters, and R-ketoprofen is easily extracted by D-tartaric esters. L-tartaric esters form more stable diastereomeric complexes with S-enantiomer than that with R-enantiomer. This distribution behavior is consistent with chiral recognition mechanism. With the increase of the concentration of tartaric ester from 0 to 0.3 molL, partition coefficient K and separation factor α increase. Also, the kind of organic solvent and the concentration of the methanol aqueous have significant influence on K and α.

离子色谱法测定酒石酸沃尼妙林中酒石酸的含量

建立离子色谱-抑制电导检测法测定化学对照品中酒石酸盐的含量。以酒石酸沃尼妙林对照品为例,采用Dionex IonPac^(TM) AS19(4×250 mm)阴离子交换色谱柱和Dionex IonPac^(TM) AG18(4×50 mm)保护柱,以22 mmol/L氢氧化钾溶液为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min等度洗脱,抑制电导检测器检测,测定酒石酸盐中酒石酸的含量。结果表明,该方法在1.0~50μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999),定量限为0.5μg/mL,酒石酸沃尼妙林在3个水平的加样回收率分别为98.79%、98.91%与96.50%,平均回收率为98.07%(RSD=2.20%,n=9)。用此方法测定3个厂家共5批样品,酒石酸沃尼妙林中酒石酸含量的数值与理论值基本一致。本文建立的离子色谱法准确、灵敏,可用于酒石酸盐成盐比例与含量的测定。

调控葡萄酒石酸生物合成基因VvbHLH79克隆及表达

【目的】酒石酸不仅影响葡萄果实的味道,还决定葡萄酒的色泽、口感、微生物稳定性和陈酿潜力。探讨调控酒石酸生物合成的转录因子及其机制,通过生物技术调控葡萄内源酒石酸的积累或定向培育高酒石酸积累型优良酿酒葡萄品种具有重要价值。【方法】研究以酿酒葡萄‘琼瑶浆’、‘马瑟兰’为试验材料,用PCR方法从中克隆到与酒石酸含量相关的VvbHLH79转录因子,对其进行生物信息学和亚细胞定位分析;用HPLC和qRT-PCR技术测定葡萄果实在不同发育时期的酒石酸含量和VvbHLH79的表达量;并构建植物表达载体,用农杆菌介导的果梗侵染法瞬时转化葡萄幼果果实之后检测VvbHLH79的表达量和酒石酸含量。【结果】(1)通过RNA-seq测序筛选获得1个葡萄VvbHLH79基因,该基因CDS序列全长831 bp,编码277个氨基酸,分子质量为66.22 kD,理论等电点为5.15,属于无信号肽和跨膜结构的不稳定亲水性蛋白;氨基酸序列第147-232位含有bHLH-SF保守结构域,属于bHLH转录因子家族;亚细胞定位在细胞核。(2)葡萄VvbHLH79编码蛋白与河岸葡萄中的bHLH89编码蛋白(登录号:XP_034699340.1)序列一致性最高,达到99.64%。(3)VvbHLH79相对表达量随着‘琼瑶浆’果实发育降低,从坐果期到成熟期降低了67.25%;酒石酸积累主要在葡萄果实转色之前,转色之后酒石酸含量就快速下降。(4)VvbHLH79在低酒石酸葡萄果实中瞬时过表达后使酒石酸含量显著升高,而将VvbHLH79在高酒石酸葡萄果实中沉默后酒石酸含量显著下降,证实VvbHLH79基因正向调控酒石酸含量。【结论】VvbHLH79转录因子可能在葡萄酒石酸生物合成通路中发挥作用。

酒石酸改性铁锰氧化物对锗的吸附特征

煤系伴生资源提取不可避免产生大量低浓度含锗废液,导致稀散金属锗资源的流失,并污染环境。采用酒石酸改性铁锰氧化物(JFMBO)作为吸附材料富集回收煤浸出液中低浓度锗,通过XRD、BET、Zeta电位等测试手段研究了JFMBO的晶体结构和表面性质等特征,并探究了JFMBO对锗的吸附行为。结果表明,改性铁锰氧化物吸附锗的最佳投加量为2 g L;JFMBO对锗的吸附容量与溶液pH呈现正相关的趋势;JFMBO对锗的吸附容量随离子强度的增大而降低,升高温度有助于JFMBO对锗吸附反应的进行。锗在JFMBO上的吸附过程可用准二级动力学方程描述,吸附等温线更符合Langmuir模型,25℃下锗的最大饱和吸附容量为169.535μmol g。JFMBO可再生使用,循环进行3次吸附-脱附后仍可保持较高的吸附效率。

酒石酸与农艺刈割联合辅助象草植物修复镉污染土壤的效应以及对土壤微生物群落的影响

针对重金属镉(Cd)污染耕地,选择适宜的经济作物并配套低生态风险辅助技术边生产边修复,对保持耕地种植属性和区域经济水平意义重大.为研究酒石酸和农艺刈割辅助象草(Pennisetum purpureum Schum)植物修复Cd重度污染的效果,在湖南东部地区某Cd污染农田开展象草的田间种植试验,分析酒石酸施用(单次施用0、1.25和2.5 mmol/kg)和农艺刈割(0、1和2次)单一或联合处理对土壤基本理化性质、象草Cd含量、象草生物量、象草Cd提取量和土壤微生物群落结构的影响.结果表明:①与实验田背景值相比,象草种植、酒石酸和刈割处理能够使土壤pH降低0.07~0.47个单位、土壤总Cd含量降低0.62%~39.72%,同时土壤有效态Cd含量增加1.25%~27.25%.②酒石酸施用有利于象草总生物量的增加,刈割则相反,但二者都增加了象草茎Cd含量,尤其是刈割处理,均是最后一茬收获的象草茎Cd含量较前茬更大,最高达8.94 mg/kg.③酒石酸施用量为1.25 mmol/kg且未刈割时,象草地上部位生物量最大,单位面积生物量最高达99.67 t/hm^(2)(单株达3.80 kg);同时象草地上部位Cd提取量达到最大,单位面积象草地上部Cd提取量达到213.58 g/hm^(2)(单株达8.14 mg).④酒石酸和刈割处理均对土壤微生物α-多样性无显著影响,但1.25 mmol/kg的酒石酸施用联合刈割2次的处理显著影响了土壤微生物β-多样性.研究显示:施加酒石酸和刈割均可提高象草茎和叶的Cd含量,且单一低剂量酒石酸处理下植物Cd提取量最大,同时试验处理一定程度上影响了土壤微生物群落的组成;在利用象草植物修复Cd污染土壤污染时,建议施用1.25 mmol/kg的酒石酸提升修复效率.

茜草植物染料染色羊绒纤维的摩擦牢度

茜草是最常用的红色天然染料,广泛应用于真丝和纤维素纤维染色。但生产中发现明矾作为媒染剂用于茜草植物染料染色羊绒纤维的摩擦牢度极差。通过分析媒染、染色前后羊绒表面沉积物及其与摩擦牢度的相互关系,探讨了导致摩擦牢度低下的原因并提出改进方法。结果表明:适度去鳞片处理可有效减少明矾媒染时氢氧化铝在羊绒表面沉积,使茜草植物染料染色羊绒的干、湿摩擦牢度分别提高到2级和3级;酒石酸-明矾媒染羊绒表面无明显沉积,茜草植物染料染色后羊绒纤维的干、湿摩擦牢度分别提高到4级和5级,同时日晒、皂洗牢度也均在4级以上。

酒石酸衍生的双羟基手性磷酸催化不对称Mannich-type反应

设计合成了数种由天然酒石酸衍生的双羟基手性磷酸,并考察了其对不对称Mannich-type反应的催化性能.结果发现:设计合成的双羟基手性磷酸可以高效催化该反应,并显示中等至良好的对映选择性(高达91%ee).

偏硼酸锂熔融-酒石酸络合-超声提取-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定岩矿型锆矿石中10种元素的含量

为实现岩矿型锆矿石样品中锆、铪、钾、钙、钠、镁、铝、铁、钛、锰等10种元素含量的准确测定,优化了熔融、提取等试验条件,提出了题示方法。取干燥后的样品0.1 g于铂坩埚中,加入0.5 g偏硼酸锂,搅匀后盖上坩埚盖,于1 000℃熔融30 min。冷却后将铂坩埚置于装有25 mL含20 g·L^(-1)酒石酸的20%(体积分数)盐酸溶液中,超声振荡至熔块完全溶解,用水定容至100 mL,用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪测定。结果显示:上述10种元素的质量浓度分别在一定范围内与对应的谱线强度呈线性关系,检出限(3s)为1.90~40.8μg·g-1;方法用于由锆含量较低的基性岩岩石标准物质和锆精矿标准物质复配成的以锆石、斜锆石为主的岩矿型锆矿石样品的分析,测定值的相对误差为-1.9%~4.0%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=12)为0.46%~4.5%,准确度和精密度试验结果的绝对值均优于DZ/T 0130.3-2006规定的控制指标,且方法可拓展应用于砂矿型锆矿石的准确测定。

Supramolecular self-assembly of two-component systems comprising aromatic amides/Schiff base and tartaric acid

The gelating properties and thermotropic behaviors of stoichiometric mixtures of aromatic amides 1,2,and the aromatic Schiffbase 3 with tartaric acid(TA)were investigated.Among the three gelators,2-TA exhibited superior gelating ability.Mixture 2-TA exhibits a smectic B phase and an unidentified smectic mesophase during both heating and cooling runs.The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction revealed the existence of hydrogen bonding and rc-ninteractions in 2-TA systems,which are likely to be the dominant driving forces for the supramolecular selfassembly.Additionally,it was established that all of the studied gel self-assemblies and mesophases possess alamellar structure.The anion response ability of the tetrahydrofuran gel of 2-TA was evaluated and it was found that it was responsive to the stimuli of F,Cl,Br,I,AcO.