Many studies have shown that fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5(FDNC5) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) play vital roles in plasticity after brain injury. An enriched environment refers to an ...Many studies have shown that fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5(FDNC5) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) play vital roles in plasticity after brain injury. An enriched environment refers to an environment that provides animals with multi-sensory stimulation and movement opportunities. An enriched environment has been shown to promote the regeneration of nerve cells, synapses, and blood vessels in the animal brain after cerebral ischemia;however, the exact mechanisms have not been clarified. This study aimed to determine whether an enriched environment could improve neurobehavioral functions after the experimental inducement of cerebral ischemia and whether neurobehavioral outcomes were associated with the expression of FDNC5 and BDNF. This study established ischemic mouse models using permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion(pMCAO) on the left side. On postoperative day 1, the mice were randomly assigned to either enriched environment or standard housing condition groups. Mice in the standard housing condition group were housed and fed under standard conditions. Mice in the enriched environment group were housed in a large cage, containing various toys, and fed with a standard diet. Sham-operated mice received the same procedure, but without artery occlusion, and were housed and fed under standard conditions. On postoperative days 7 and 14, a beam-walking test was used to assess coordination, balance, and spatial learning. On postoperative days 16–20, a Morris water maze test was used to assess spatial learning and memory. On postoperative day 15, the expression levels of FDNC5 and BDNF proteins in the ipsilateral cerebral cortex were analyzed by western blot assay. The results showed that compared with the standard housing condition group, the motor balance and coordination functions(based on beam-walking test scores 7 and 14 days after operation), spatial learning abilities(based on the spatial learning scores from the Morris water maze test 16–19 days after operation), and memory abilities(based on the memory scores of the Morris water maze test 20 days after operation) of the enriched environment group improved significantly. In addition, the expression levels of FDNC5 and BDNF proteins in the ipsilateral cerebral cortex increased in the enriched environment group compared with those in the standard housing condition group. Furthermore, the Pearson correlation coefficient showed that neurobehavioral functions were positively associated with the expression levels of FDNC5 and BDNF(r = 0.587 and r = 0.840, respectively). These findings suggest that an enriched environment upregulates FDNC5 protein expression in the ipsilateral cerebral cortex after cerebral ischemia, which then activates BDNF protein expression, improving neurological function. BDNF protein expression was positively correlated with improved neurological function. The experimental protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Fudan University, China(approval Nos. 20160858 A232, 20160860 A234) on February 24, 2016.展开更多
任务型对话系统是当前自然语言处理领域的研究热点,对话状态跟踪作为任务型对话系统的核心模块,其主要任务是维护对话的上下文信息并以特定的状态形式展现。目前基于多领域的任务型对话系统由于对话场景复杂,导致对话状态难以跟踪,预测...任务型对话系统是当前自然语言处理领域的研究热点,对话状态跟踪作为任务型对话系统的核心模块,其主要任务是维护对话的上下文信息并以特定的状态形式展现。目前基于多领域的任务型对话系统由于对话场景复杂,导致对话状态难以跟踪,预测精度不高。该文提出一种融合槽位关联和语义关联的状态跟踪模型DST-S^(2)C(Dialogue State Tracking with Slot Connection and Semantic Connection)。该模型将槽位构建成多关系图,并利用层级图注意力网络对槽位关系进行建模,提取融合多种槽位关联信息的槽位向量。同时,在槽门机制中加入词级语义相似度向量作为增强特征,获得对话上下文与槽位的局部语义信息,提高槽门机制的预测精度。实验表明,相较于基线模型,DST-S2C在MultiWOZ 2.1数据集上,联合准确率和槽位准确率分别提升了1.12%和0.39%。展开更多
对话状态跟踪(Dialogue State Tracking, DST)是任务型对话系统的核心模块,主要实现在对话过程中跟踪用户意图的功能。为了提升对话状态跟踪在跨领域场景下的性能,本文提出了一种基于BERT(Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Tr...对话状态跟踪(Dialogue State Tracking, DST)是任务型对话系统的核心模块,主要实现在对话过程中跟踪用户意图的功能。为了提升对话状态跟踪在跨领域场景下的性能,本文提出了一种基于BERT(Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers)模型的对话状态跟踪方法,该方法考虑了领域与槽之间的相关性,让模型在对话过程中学习领域信息,并使领域信息参与到槽值的生成过程之中。我们在两个跨领域的任务型对话数据集上进行了综合实验,包括中文数据集CrossWOZ和英文数据集MultiWOZ 2.4,模型在CrossWOZ和MultiWOZ 2.4中分别取得了63.51%和70.17%的联合目标准确率。实验结果表明,本文提出的方法在跨领域场景下有较高的性能表现。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81601961(to KWY),81672242(to YW)the Key Construction Projects of Shanghai Health and Family Planning on Weak Discipline,China,No.2015ZB0401(to YW)
文摘Many studies have shown that fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5(FDNC5) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) play vital roles in plasticity after brain injury. An enriched environment refers to an environment that provides animals with multi-sensory stimulation and movement opportunities. An enriched environment has been shown to promote the regeneration of nerve cells, synapses, and blood vessels in the animal brain after cerebral ischemia;however, the exact mechanisms have not been clarified. This study aimed to determine whether an enriched environment could improve neurobehavioral functions after the experimental inducement of cerebral ischemia and whether neurobehavioral outcomes were associated with the expression of FDNC5 and BDNF. This study established ischemic mouse models using permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion(pMCAO) on the left side. On postoperative day 1, the mice were randomly assigned to either enriched environment or standard housing condition groups. Mice in the standard housing condition group were housed and fed under standard conditions. Mice in the enriched environment group were housed in a large cage, containing various toys, and fed with a standard diet. Sham-operated mice received the same procedure, but without artery occlusion, and were housed and fed under standard conditions. On postoperative days 7 and 14, a beam-walking test was used to assess coordination, balance, and spatial learning. On postoperative days 16–20, a Morris water maze test was used to assess spatial learning and memory. On postoperative day 15, the expression levels of FDNC5 and BDNF proteins in the ipsilateral cerebral cortex were analyzed by western blot assay. The results showed that compared with the standard housing condition group, the motor balance and coordination functions(based on beam-walking test scores 7 and 14 days after operation), spatial learning abilities(based on the spatial learning scores from the Morris water maze test 16–19 days after operation), and memory abilities(based on the memory scores of the Morris water maze test 20 days after operation) of the enriched environment group improved significantly. In addition, the expression levels of FDNC5 and BDNF proteins in the ipsilateral cerebral cortex increased in the enriched environment group compared with those in the standard housing condition group. Furthermore, the Pearson correlation coefficient showed that neurobehavioral functions were positively associated with the expression levels of FDNC5 and BDNF(r = 0.587 and r = 0.840, respectively). These findings suggest that an enriched environment upregulates FDNC5 protein expression in the ipsilateral cerebral cortex after cerebral ischemia, which then activates BDNF protein expression, improving neurological function. BDNF protein expression was positively correlated with improved neurological function. The experimental protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Fudan University, China(approval Nos. 20160858 A232, 20160860 A234) on February 24, 2016.
文摘任务型对话系统是当前自然语言处理领域的研究热点,对话状态跟踪作为任务型对话系统的核心模块,其主要任务是维护对话的上下文信息并以特定的状态形式展现。目前基于多领域的任务型对话系统由于对话场景复杂,导致对话状态难以跟踪,预测精度不高。该文提出一种融合槽位关联和语义关联的状态跟踪模型DST-S^(2)C(Dialogue State Tracking with Slot Connection and Semantic Connection)。该模型将槽位构建成多关系图,并利用层级图注意力网络对槽位关系进行建模,提取融合多种槽位关联信息的槽位向量。同时,在槽门机制中加入词级语义相似度向量作为增强特征,获得对话上下文与槽位的局部语义信息,提高槽门机制的预测精度。实验表明,相较于基线模型,DST-S2C在MultiWOZ 2.1数据集上,联合准确率和槽位准确率分别提升了1.12%和0.39%。
文摘对话状态跟踪(Dialogue State Tracking, DST)是任务型对话系统的核心模块,主要实现在对话过程中跟踪用户意图的功能。为了提升对话状态跟踪在跨领域场景下的性能,本文提出了一种基于BERT(Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers)模型的对话状态跟踪方法,该方法考虑了领域与槽之间的相关性,让模型在对话过程中学习领域信息,并使领域信息参与到槽值的生成过程之中。我们在两个跨领域的任务型对话数据集上进行了综合实验,包括中文数据集CrossWOZ和英文数据集MultiWOZ 2.4,模型在CrossWOZ和MultiWOZ 2.4中分别取得了63.51%和70.17%的联合目标准确率。实验结果表明,本文提出的方法在跨领域场景下有较高的性能表现。
