It is not clear whether the method used in functional brain-network related research can be applied to explore the feature binding mechanism of visual perception. In this study, we inves-tigated feature binding of col...It is not clear whether the method used in functional brain-network related research can be applied to explore the feature binding mechanism of visual perception. In this study, we inves-tigated feature binding of color and shape in visual perception. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 38 healthy volunteers at rest and while performing a visual perception task to construct brain networks active during resting and task states. Results showed that brain regions involved in visual information processing were obviously activated during the task. The components were partitioned using a greedy algorithm, indicating the visual network existed during the resting state.Z-values in the vision-related brain regions were calculated, conifrming the dynamic balance of the brain network. Connectivity between brain regions was determined, and the result showed that occipital and lingual gyri were stable brain regions in the visual system network, the parietal lobe played a very important role in the binding process of color features and shape features, and the fusiform and inferior temporal gyri were crucial for processing color and shape information. Experimental ifndings indicate that understanding visual feature binding and cognitive processes will help establish computational models of vision, improve image recognition technology, and provide a new theoretical mechanism for feature binding in visual perception.展开更多
Long-term exposure to high altitude,low pressure and low oxygen will seriously threaten people’s cognitive function.To explore the changes in wholebrain network dynamics during brain activity in long-term high-altitu...Long-term exposure to high altitude,low pressure and low oxygen will seriously threaten people’s cognitive function.To explore the changes in wholebrain network dynamics during brain activity in long-term high-altitude migrants,EEG signals from three subjects of 75 different altitudes were analyzed using the Stroop experimental paradigm and the network recombination prediction model.The sliding window method was used to explore the dynamic change process of the brain network.At the same time,the time period with significant difference between the brain networks of the altitude group was selected as the real response network to measure the model prediction accuracy.Then,according to different network prediction model rules,the weights of brain network 200 ms before stimulation were updated for each subject.Finally,the prediction model with the least difference between the prediction network and the real response network was selected for each subject.The experimental results showed that the prediction accuracy of the model reach 98.95%,and there is a significant difference in model selection between the elevation groups.It helps to understand the brain dynamics of healthy people,and reveals the abnormal changes in the brain networks of those who have stayed at high altitude for a long time,providing an important reference for the cognitive rehabilitation training of victims ex-posed at high altitude.展开更多
Multitarget stool DNA(mt-sDNA) testing was approved for average risk colorectal cancer(CRC) screening by the United States Food and Drug Administration and thereafter reimbursed for use by the Medicare program(2014).T...Multitarget stool DNA(mt-sDNA) testing was approved for average risk colorectal cancer(CRC) screening by the United States Food and Drug Administration and thereafter reimbursed for use by the Medicare program(2014).The United States Preventive Services Task Force(USPSTF) October 2015 draft recommendation for CRC screening included mt-s DNA as an "alternative" screening test that "may be useful in select clinical circumstances",despite its very high sensitivity for early stage CRC.The evidence supporting mt-s DNA for routine screening use is robust.The clinical efficacy of mt-s DNA as measured by sensitivity,specificity,life-years gained(LYG),and CRC deaths averted is similar to or exceeds that of the other more specifically recommended screening options included in the draft document,especially those requiring annual testing adherence.In a population with primarily irregular screening participation,tests with the highest point sensitivity and reasonable specificity are more likely to favorably impact CRC related morbidity and mortality than those depending on annual adherence.This paper reviews the evidence supporting mt-s DNA for routine screening and demonstrates,using USPSTF's modeling data,that mt-s DNA at three-year intervals provides significant clinical net benefits and fewer complications per LYG than annual fecal immunochemical testing,high sensitivity guaiac based fecal occult blood testing and 10-year colonoscopy screening.展开更多
The influence of fluctuations of atmospheric pressure on the functional state of the humans was studied during spring, autumn and winter seasons. Sensory-motor reaction time and selfreported wellbeing, activity and mo...The influence of fluctuations of atmospheric pressure on the functional state of the humans was studied during spring, autumn and winter seasons. Sensory-motor reaction time and selfreported wellbeing, activity and mood were used for evaluation of functional state. The inter-individual variations of those parameters were compared to meteorological parameters using rank order correlation and general linear model. It was found that atmospheric pressure fluctuations have a stronger negative effect with periods of 120-1200 s and 20-120 s on psychological self-assessment and with periods of 10-20 s and 5-10 s on sensory-motor reaction time than the fluctuations with other periods.展开更多
The updated United States Preventive Services Task Force(USPSTF) for prostate cancer in 2012 recommends against prostate-specific antigen(PSA) based screening for men of all ages. Prostate cancer is the second most co...The updated United States Preventive Services Task Force(USPSTF) for prostate cancer in 2012 recommends against prostate-specific antigen(PSA) based screening for men of all ages. Prostate cancer is the second most common and second most deadly cancer in American men. PSA screening for prostate cancer has been present since 1994 leading to an over diagnosis and over treatment of low volume disease. There is an overall agreement of men towards the guidelines but even with the understanding of the USPSTF, these men tend to follow more personal beliefs that have been influenced by their knowledge of the disease process and physician influence. Physicians also followed the directions of the patients and opted not to change their current practice of PSA screening despite the new guidelines. Time, legal, and ethical issues were some of the barriers that physicians faced in tailoring their practice towards screening. The importance of informed consent is highlighted by both the patients and the physicians and clearly more effective when the patient was pre-informed of the disease processand prompted the physicians to initiate conversation of informed screening. Younger patients were inclined towards aggressive treatment and older patients opted towards watchful waiting both with emphasis on the importance of evidence-based information provided by the physician. Decision aids were useful in making informed decisions and could be used to educate patients on screening purposes and treatment options. However, even with well-created decision aids and physician influence, patients' own belief system played a major part in healthcare decision making in either screening or treatment for prostate cancer.展开更多
基金financially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.61170136,61373101,61472270,and 61402318Natural Science Foundation(Youth Science and Technology Research Foundation)of Shanxi Province,No.2014021022-5Shanxi Provincial Key Science and Technology Projects(Agriculture),No.20130311037-4
文摘It is not clear whether the method used in functional brain-network related research can be applied to explore the feature binding mechanism of visual perception. In this study, we inves-tigated feature binding of color and shape in visual perception. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 38 healthy volunteers at rest and while performing a visual perception task to construct brain networks active during resting and task states. Results showed that brain regions involved in visual information processing were obviously activated during the task. The components were partitioned using a greedy algorithm, indicating the visual network existed during the resting state.Z-values in the vision-related brain regions were calculated, conifrming the dynamic balance of the brain network. Connectivity between brain regions was determined, and the result showed that occipital and lingual gyri were stable brain regions in the visual system network, the parietal lobe played a very important role in the binding process of color features and shape features, and the fusiform and inferior temporal gyri were crucial for processing color and shape information. Experimental ifndings indicate that understanding visual feature binding and cognitive processes will help establish computational models of vision, improve image recognition technology, and provide a new theoretical mechanism for feature binding in visual perception.
基金This work was supported by the Next Generation Internet Technology Innovation Project of Celtic Network(No.NGII20181206)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61976150)the Key R&D Projects of Shanxi Province(No.201803D31038).
文摘Long-term exposure to high altitude,low pressure and low oxygen will seriously threaten people’s cognitive function.To explore the changes in wholebrain network dynamics during brain activity in long-term high-altitude migrants,EEG signals from three subjects of 75 different altitudes were analyzed using the Stroop experimental paradigm and the network recombination prediction model.The sliding window method was used to explore the dynamic change process of the brain network.At the same time,the time period with significant difference between the brain networks of the altitude group was selected as the real response network to measure the model prediction accuracy.Then,according to different network prediction model rules,the weights of brain network 200 ms before stimulation were updated for each subject.Finally,the prediction model with the least difference between the prediction network and the real response network was selected for each subject.The experimental results showed that the prediction accuracy of the model reach 98.95%,and there is a significant difference in model selection between the elevation groups.It helps to understand the brain dynamics of healthy people,and reveals the abnormal changes in the brain networks of those who have stayed at high altitude for a long time,providing an important reference for the cognitive rehabilitation training of victims ex-posed at high altitude.
文摘Multitarget stool DNA(mt-sDNA) testing was approved for average risk colorectal cancer(CRC) screening by the United States Food and Drug Administration and thereafter reimbursed for use by the Medicare program(2014).The United States Preventive Services Task Force(USPSTF) October 2015 draft recommendation for CRC screening included mt-s DNA as an "alternative" screening test that "may be useful in select clinical circumstances",despite its very high sensitivity for early stage CRC.The evidence supporting mt-s DNA for routine screening use is robust.The clinical efficacy of mt-s DNA as measured by sensitivity,specificity,life-years gained(LYG),and CRC deaths averted is similar to or exceeds that of the other more specifically recommended screening options included in the draft document,especially those requiring annual testing adherence.In a population with primarily irregular screening participation,tests with the highest point sensitivity and reasonable specificity are more likely to favorably impact CRC related morbidity and mortality than those depending on annual adherence.This paper reviews the evidence supporting mt-s DNA for routine screening and demonstrates,using USPSTF's modeling data,that mt-s DNA at three-year intervals provides significant clinical net benefits and fewer complications per LYG than annual fecal immunochemical testing,high sensitivity guaiac based fecal occult blood testing and 10-year colonoscopy screening.
文摘The influence of fluctuations of atmospheric pressure on the functional state of the humans was studied during spring, autumn and winter seasons. Sensory-motor reaction time and selfreported wellbeing, activity and mood were used for evaluation of functional state. The inter-individual variations of those parameters were compared to meteorological parameters using rank order correlation and general linear model. It was found that atmospheric pressure fluctuations have a stronger negative effect with periods of 120-1200 s and 20-120 s on psychological self-assessment and with periods of 10-20 s and 5-10 s on sensory-motor reaction time than the fluctuations with other periods.
文摘The updated United States Preventive Services Task Force(USPSTF) for prostate cancer in 2012 recommends against prostate-specific antigen(PSA) based screening for men of all ages. Prostate cancer is the second most common and second most deadly cancer in American men. PSA screening for prostate cancer has been present since 1994 leading to an over diagnosis and over treatment of low volume disease. There is an overall agreement of men towards the guidelines but even with the understanding of the USPSTF, these men tend to follow more personal beliefs that have been influenced by their knowledge of the disease process and physician influence. Physicians also followed the directions of the patients and opted not to change their current practice of PSA screening despite the new guidelines. Time, legal, and ethical issues were some of the barriers that physicians faced in tailoring their practice towards screening. The importance of informed consent is highlighted by both the patients and the physicians and clearly more effective when the patient was pre-informed of the disease processand prompted the physicians to initiate conversation of informed screening. Younger patients were inclined towards aggressive treatment and older patients opted towards watchful waiting both with emphasis on the importance of evidence-based information provided by the physician. Decision aids were useful in making informed decisions and could be used to educate patients on screening purposes and treatment options. However, even with well-created decision aids and physician influence, patients' own belief system played a major part in healthcare decision making in either screening or treatment for prostate cancer.
