Strategies for Fostering Interaction in Online Classrooms:A Conversation Analysis of Teacher-Student Verbal Interaction in Random Questioning in Pandemic-Initiated Online Teaching

This paper aims to explore how a veteran teacher organizes online teaching initiated by the pandemic and how she deals with the problems in online teacher-student verbal interaction.By analyzing a corpus of 20 audio-recorded online lessons between a math teacher and her students during the COVID-19 pandemic from April 11 to May 10,2022,four interactional segments are selected as the focus of the study.The results of the conversation analysis of the segments showed that students’modesty,lack of confidence,lack of ability,and network delay are the main factors affecting online teacher-student interaction.By encouraging students to answer questions,enlightening students to give answers,enriching students’answers,and entertaining the teaching atmosphere(“4Es”strategies),the teacher solved the problems successfully.The findings from this study can provide pedagogical experience and implications for practical teaching.

A review:Multi-hierarchy design strategy of electrocatalysts for energy molecule conversion

Under the new energy resource structure,electrocatalysts are key materials for the development of proton membrane fuel cells,electrolysis of aquatic hydrogen devices,and carbon dioxide reduction equipment,to address energy shortages and even environmental pollution issues.Although controlling the morphology or doping with heteroatoms for catalyst active centers have accelerated the reaction rate,it is difficult to solve the problems of multiple by-products,and poor stability of catalytic sites.From this,it will be seen that single regulation of metal active centers is difficult to comprehensively solve application problems.Orderly assembly and coordination of catalyst multi-hierarchy structures at the mesoscale above the nanometer level probably be more reasonable strategies,and numerous studies in thermal catalysis have supported this viewpoint.This article reviews the multi-hierarchy design of electrocatalyst active centers,high-energy supports,and peripheral structures in recent years,providing unconventional inspiration about electrocatalyst creation,which perhaps serves as a simple tutorial of electrocatalysis exploration for abecedarian.

Engineering versatile Au-based catalysts for solar-to-fuel conversion

Gold(Au) nanostructures(NSs) have been widely employed as cocatalysts to improve the photoactivity of semiconductor materials, while a systematic summary of the engineering approaches of Au NSs to maximize the solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency is still lacking. In this review, the recently developed strategies for elevating the overall photocatalytic performance of Au-based catalysts and the deep physical chemistry mechanisms are highlighted. Firstly, the synthetic approaches of Au NSs are summarized, followed by an elaboration on their multiple functions in improving photoactivity. Afterward, modification strategies of Au NSs used to enhance the photocatalytic efficiency of Au-semiconductor composites,including controlling the Au NSs morphology, size, crystal phase, defect engineering, alloying with different metals, modulating interfacial interaction, and introducing an external field, are summarized and discussed independently. Additionally, advanced characterization techniques that can provide insights into the charge dynamics of the photocatalysts are introduced. Finally, we share our opinion on the challenges and outline potentially promising opportunities and directions for efficient Au-based photocatalysis research moving forward. We sincerely look forward to this review can deliver insightful views to design efficient Au-based photocatalysts and spur certain innovations to other metal-based catalysts.

OUTPUT MAXIMIZATION CONTROL FOR VSCF WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM USING EXTREMUM CONTROL STRATEGY

The energy conversion optimization control strategy is presented for a family of horizontal-axis variablespeed fixed-pitch wind energy conversion systems,working in the partial load region.The system uses a variablespeed wind turbine(VSWT)driving a squirrel-cage induction generator(SCIG)connected to a grid.A new maximum power point tracking(MPPT)approach is proposed based on the extremum seeking control principles under the assumption that the wind turbine model and its parameters are poorly known.The aim is to drive the average position of the operation point close to optimality.Here the wind turbulence is used as search disturbance instead of inducing new sinusoidal search signals.The discrete Fourier transform(DFT)process of some available measures estimates the distance of operation point to optimality.The effectiveness of the proposed MPPT approach is validated under different operation conditions by numerical simulations in MATLAB/SIMULINK.The simulation results prove that the new approach can effectively suppress the vibration of system and enhance the dynamic performance of system.

Importance and Countermeasures of Curbing the Conversion of Agricultural Land to Non-agricultural Land under the Background of the Rural Revitalization Strategy

Farmland is the most basic element for farmers’survival and development,and has a social security function.The conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural land has gradually become the primary factor in the reduction of agricultural land in various regions of China,seriously endangering China’s food security.Under the background of the rural revitalization strategy,the emergence of the conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural land and the inevitability of its development were analyzed from both the acceleration of urbanization and the increase in land demand by using the literature research method.The importance of curbing the conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural land to achieve the grand goal of strong agriculture,beautiful rural areas,and rich farmers was clarified,and then countermeasures and suggestions to curb the conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural land were put forward,which is of great significance to promoting the effective implementation of China’s rural revitalization strategy.

Hybrid Control Strategy for Matrix Converter Fed Wind Energy Conversion System

In this paper, a hybrid control strategy for a matrix converter fed wind energy conversion system is presented. Since the wind speed may vary, output parameters like power, frequency and voltage may fluctuate. Hence it is necessary to design a system that regulates output parameters, such as voltage and frequency, and thereby provides a constant voltage and frequency output from the wind energy conversion system. Matrix converter is used in the proposed solution as the main power conditioner as a more efficient alternative when compared to traditional back-back converter structure. To control the output voltage, a vector modulation based refined control structure is used. A power tracker is included to maximize the mechanical output power of the turbine. Over current protection and clamp circuit input protection have been introduced to protect the system from over current. It reduces the spikes generated at the output of the converter. The designed system is capable of supplying an output voltage of constant frequency and amplitude within the expected ranges of input during the operation. The matrix converter control using direct modulation method, modified Venturini modulation method and vector modulation method was simulated, the results were compared and it was inferred that vector modulation method was superior to the other two methods. With the proposed technique, voltage transfer ratio and harmonic profile have been improved compared to the other two modulation techniques. The behaviour of the system is corroborated by MATLAB Simulink, and hardware is realized using an FPGA controller. Experimental results are found to be matching with the simulation results.

Translation of Conversational Implicature and the Strategies

Grice introduced the theory of conversational implicature which is essential in translation, especially in conversation translation of fictions. Four most commonly-seen and effective strategies of translating the conversational implicature are going to discussed.

光热转换材料在相变储能领域的研究进展

相变储能是热储能的一种,即利用相变材料的储热特性来储存或释放热量,达到调控温度的效果。但相变材料往往不具备光吸收能力,不能及时收集太阳光,导致其光热转换效率较低。将相变材料与光热转换材料复合,可在增强吸光能力的同时将获得的能量存储在相变材料中,赋予复合相变材料高光热转换能力。该文对光热转换材料进行了分类,介绍了其光热转换机理、对紫外光-可见光-近红外光的吸收能力以及在相变领域的应用。此外,还阐述了光热复合相变材料的复合策略,包括浸渍法、溶胶-凝胶法、涂层法和改性微胶囊法,分析表明,不同复合策略下制备的光热复合相变材料的光吸收能力、导热系数、光热转换效率几乎都得到了提高。因此,将光热转换材料拓展到相变储能领域,将进一步优化太阳能资源。

多项式变异和自适应权重优化的阿奎拉鹰算法

针对基本阿奎拉鹰算法存在收敛精度低、易陷入局部最优的问题,通过在全局搜索阶段引入多项式变异扰动策略,在局部开发阶段引入自适应权重优化策略,改进了阿奎拉鹰算法的局部探索能力,并且引入了Tent混沌映射初始化种群,增加种群多样性,引入动态转换概率策略来平衡全局探索和局部开发的比重,故提出多项式变异和自适应权重优化的阿奎拉鹰算法。采用基本阿奎拉鹰算法、哈里斯鹰算法、灰狼算法、鲸鱼算法、海鸥算法做对比,9个基准测试函数和2个工程优化问题对改进后的算法进行寻优性能验证,结果表明:改进后的算法在多数测试函数上取得较好的寻优效果,在工程优化问题中,效果优于多数对比算法。证明了改进后的算法具有更快的收敛速度和精度,并在工程应用中取得较好效果。

二硫化钼纳米材料的制备方法及应用研究进展

本文深入探讨了二硫化钼(MoS 2)纳米材料的合成策略及其在能源转换与存储等领域的应用前景,综合分析包括溶剂热法、溶胶-凝胶法在内的多种合成方法,揭示了这些方法对MoS 2纳米结构形态和性能的具体影响。研究表明,通过精确控制合成条件,可以制备出具有优化电子性质和表面活性的MoS 2纳米材料。在锂离子电池和光电探测器等应用中,这些材料展现了卓越的性能,特别是在增强电池充放电循环稳定性和提升光电转换效率方面。本文进一步讨论了MoS 2应用发展面临的挑战,特别是在材料合成可扩展性和性能一致性方面。最后,文章对未来的研究方向进行了展望,提出了创新合成策略和优化材料结构的研究方向,进一步拓宽MoS 2在高性能能源设备中的应用潜力。

以金属有机骨架为源制备单原子电催化剂用于能量转换的最新进展

化石燃料的过度使用导致了严重的环境问题,因此,迫切需要人们对能源生产和储存方式进行变革.电催化在清洁能源转换中发挥着重要的作用,是推动可持续能源生产技术不断发展的重要驱动力.单原子催化剂(SACs)因具有独特的物理和化学性质而表现较高的电催化活性,因而成为研究热点.通过调控金属单原子的配位环境,可以有效调节SACs的几何和电子结构,进而优化电催化效率.金属有机骨架(MOFs)具有孔结构丰富、表面积大和配体可调节等结构特性,因此在制备SACs方面表现出巨大潜力.本文旨在总结以MOFs为前驱体制备SACs的最新进展,深入探讨单原子空间分布、配位结构和电子结构等局部配位环境对电催化活性的影响.此外,对密度泛函理论在研究SACs电催化反应中的应用进行了讨论和分析.本文系统地介绍了以MOFs为前驱体制备SACs的合成策略、表征方法、电催化应用和反应机理的研究进展,并对其未来的发展进行了展望.首先,概述了以MOFs为原料制备SACs的多种策略,分析了各自的优缺点及改进方向.然后,介绍了SACs的结构表征及电催化反应机理的原位表征技术,剖析了现有技术面临的挑战.再后,重点介绍了一些经典的制备SACs案例,对以MOFs为源制备的SACs在电催化析氢反应、析氧反应、氧还原反应、CO_(2)还原反应及氮还原消除等的应用进行了系统总结,并简要回顾了其在光催化、热催化、酶催化方向的应用.最后,探讨了SACs面临的挑战及解决方案:(1)目前采用的以MOFs为源制备SACs方法存在能耗高、污染环境等问题,应开发出环保可持续的合成方法以降低生产成本,并将其对环境的影响降到最低.(2)应利用原子水平控制技术制备双原子或三原子多功能电催化剂,并根据SACs的应用场景调整其配位结构,以优化性能.(3)需研发更先进的测试仪器,解决测试结果区域化、效率低、测试与实际结果存在偏差以及测试成本较高等问题.(4)基于SACs的结构特性,结合先进的测试仪器与理论计算,深入探究反应机理,为新一代电催化剂的设计提供指导.(5)随着信息技术的多维、多样和复杂化发展,可以借助机器学习,设计和开发新型SACs,推动电催化领域的持续创新.综上,本文系统地介绍了以MOFs为材料制备SACs的优势、设计原理、表征手段,并对SACs在电催化应用方面的研究进展与面临的挑战进行了总结,希望能为SACs相关方面的研究提供有价值的参考和借鉴.

生态翻译学视角下蒙古族小说中文化负载词英译研究——以《流浪的盘羊》为例

蒙古族文学是中国众多少数民族文化之一,承载着蒙古族丰富的历史、地域特色与价值观。在全球化及高质量共建“一带一路”背景下,蒙古族小说中的文化负载词英译研究具有重要意义。以蒙古族文学作品《流浪的盘羊》为例,文中包含大量蒙古族文化负载词及其中文常用表达,该文在生态翻译学视角下,通过分析蒙古族小说中的文化负载词在语言、文化和交际三个维度的翻译,结合具体有效的翻译策略,考虑如何在跨文化背景下有效传达文化的特殊信息,使原语和目的语读者产生相同的阅读体验,以维护生态平衡和文化多样性,更好地传播中华民族传统文化的内涵,增进世界对蒙古族文化的了解与认识。

Recent Progress on Asymmetric Carbon- and Silica-Based Nanomaterials: From Synthetic Strategies to Their Applications

Carbon-and silica-based nanomaterials possess a set of merits including large surface area,good structural stability,diversified morphology,adjustable structure,and biocompatibility.These outstanding features make them widely applied in different fields.However,limited by the surface free energy effect,the current studies mainly focus on the symmetric structures,such as nanospheres,nanoflowers,nanowires,nanosheets,and core-shell structured composites.By comparison,the asymmetric structure with ingenious adjustability not only exhibits a larger effective surface area accompanied with more active sites,but also enables each component to work independently or corporately to harness their own merits,thus showing the unusual performances in some specific applications.The current review mainly focuses on the recent progress of design principles and synthesis methods of asymmetric carbon-and silica-based nanomaterials,and their applications in energy storage,catalysis,and biomedicine.Particularly,we provide some deep insights into their unique advantages in related fields from the perspective of materials’structure-performance relationship.Furthermore,the challenges and development prospects on the synthesis and applications of asymmetric carbon-and silica-based nanomaterials are also presented and highlighted.

Pragmatic Strategies of Turn-taking in Class

Conversation is one of the basic forms of daily communication,while the research of turn-taking is the central issue in conversation analysis.In class the pragmatic strategies in turn-taking between teachers and students are the important interaction abilities.The good use of turn-taking helps students express themselves effectively and enhances the interactive communications successfully.

The Features and Translation Strategies of Advertising English

Advertisement has aroused great interest of linguists,psychologists,sociologists,economists and even aesthetes.Advertising English has its unique features in various linguistic branches.It is a challenge to understand advertising English for people,especially non-native English speakers.This essay is intended to provide a systematic analysis of advertising English on the applied linguistics.This is followed by an analysis on the features and translation strategies of advertising English.However,the main thrust of this essay is not devoted to a purely linguistic study,but built on the theoretical reflections of equivalent theory and cultural conversion about translation strategies.This essay attempts to find the joint reflecting the similar functions of both English and Chinese.

3F营养技术助力肉猪全程饲料转化效率实现2.0目标

我国肉猪生产水平落后于国际先进水平,与猪的遗传潜力相比差距更大,根本原因是吃不够发挥潜力的营养物质或营养供给模式不适应猪的生物学特点。文章在讨论饲料转化效率(FCR)重要性基础上,分析了猪的营养生理特点和饲料供给现状,提出营养变革可使肉猪全程FCR实现2.0的目标。重点介绍了3F(Formulation、Fermentation、Fluid Feeding)营养技术内涵及应用效果,为深入研究猪的营养问题、提高生产水平提供参考。

端基修饰聚合物给体制备高性能有机太阳能电池

端基工程是一种非常简单、操作方便的聚合物修饰策略,然而该策略用于调控非富勒烯有机太阳能电池性能的研究尚不充分.本文通过Stille偶联方法,分别以2-(2-乙基己基)噻吩(T-EH)、5-(2-乙基己基)-2,2′-联噻吩(2T-EH)和5-(2-乙基己基)-2,2′∶5,2′-三联噻吩(3T-EH)为封端基团,制备了3种新型的全封端聚合物给体PM6-T-EH,PM6-2T-EH和PM6-3T-EH.相比于未封端的聚合物给体PM6(效率为15.40%),封端后的聚合物PM6-T-EH,PM6-2T-EH,PM6-3T-EH与Y6制备的器件分别取得了16.66%,15.54%和13.50%的能量转换效率.研究发现,烷基单噻吩基团封端聚合物可以有效减少活性层中的载流子陷阱、优化活性层的形貌、改善电荷传输,从而提升器件的性能.随着封端基团噻吩单元的增加,器件性能逐渐降低,主要归因于封端剂共轭链增长、体积过大导致活性层形貌变差.在单噻吩封端的最优性能基础上,通过活性层优化,PM6-T-EH∶BTP-eC9体系的器件效率可达18.02%.

Advance in 3D self-supported amorphous nanomaterials for energy storage and conversion

The advancement of next-generation energy technologies calls for rationally designed and fabricated electrode materials that have desirable structures and satisfactory performance.Three-dimensional(3D)self-supported amorphous nanomaterials have attracted great enthusiasm as the cornerstone for building high-performance nanodevices.In particular,tremendous efforts have been devoted to the design,fabrication,and evaluation of self-supported amorphous nanomaterials as electrodes for energy storage and conversion devices in the past decade.However,the electrochemical performance of devices assembled with 3D self-supported amorphous nanomaterials still remains to be dramatically promoted to satisfy the demands for more practical applications.In this review,we aim to outline the achievements made in recent years in the development of 3D self-supported amorphous nanomaterials for a broad range of energy storage and conversion processes.We firstly summarize different synthetic strategies employed to synthesize 3D nanomaterials and to tailor their composition,morphology,and structure.Then,the performance of these 3D self-supported amorphous nanomaterials in their corresponding energy-related reactions is highlighted.Finally,we draw out our comprehensive understanding towards both challenges and prospects of this promising field,where valuable guidance and inspiration will surely facilitate further development of 3D self-supported amorphous nanomaterials,thus enabling more highly efficient energy storage and conversion devices that play a key role in embracing a sustainable energy future.

老龄化背景下寿险与长期护理保险责任转换实施策略研究

目的探讨老龄化背景下,寿险与长期护理保险责任转换的实施策略。方法从5家媒体选取报道过与长期护理保险内容存在关联的文献,通过ROST CM6.0软件对入选的文献进行词频及语义网络分析,并进行关键词筛选。同时研究团队聘请保险从业人员选择5个最重要的关键词,并对3款已上市的类责任转换保险进行打分与评价。结果政府政策解析得到的长期护理保险未来发展方向更注重于“保障”“服务”等,而保险从业人员则以“老人”“寿险”“转换”“保障”“服务”为主要关注点。产品模型选择分析显示,A5产品更适合成为前期进行试点的模型并推广。结论政府与保险公司对长期护理保险未来发展的方向与目标基本一致,符合政商一致性。其他长期护理保险产品可借鉴A5产品作为前期试点的责任转换模型并进行自身改良,为长期护理保险进一步发展奠定基础。

“开启难以启齿之话题”——疼痛科门诊医患生命关怀会话分析

近年来为了应对我国人口老龄化问题,政府倡导将安宁疗护纳入老年健康服务体系,并提出要对公众开展生命教育。如何与患者和家属就临终照护安排、生命关怀服务进行沟通是安宁疗护从业者所面临的普遍难题。本研究选取北京某医院的安宁疗护示范基地为研究场所,采用民族志和会话分析相结合的方法,考察了疼痛科门诊的医患交流现状。基于对转写语料进行的系统分析,本研究揭示出医生在门诊交流中与癌症病人和家属进行生命关怀谈话所采用的会话常规和互动策略,并结合会话实例详细阐述了各个策略在交流中的使用效果。医生主要使用的会话常规是引导阐述,采用的互动策略包括引用式、探索式和限定式等不同提问形式。本研究有望为安宁疗护实践者提供参考框架,帮助其提升门诊医患沟通的能力和生命关怀服务的质量,间接推动我国公众生命教育事业的发展和安宁疗护理念的普及。